Neurographics最新文献_第2页

Paranasal Sinus Infections in Children: Complications Not to Be Missed! 儿童鼻窦感染:并发症不容错过!

Neurographics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100084

O. Selvitop, T.A.G.M. Huisman, B.H. Tran, S. Kralik, N. Desai, G. Orman

{"title":"Paranasal Sinus Infections in Children: Complications Not to Be Missed!","authors":"O. Selvitop, T.A.G.M. Huisman, B.H. Tran, S. Kralik, N. Desai, G. Orman","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100084","url":null,"abstract":"Paranasal sinus infections are diseases most commonly seen during childhood and can cause serious complications in advanced cases that would have been prevented or limited with timely and appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The paranasal sinuses continue to develop from birth to 20\u0000 years of age, and the age of the patient must be always considered in the diagnosis and treatment. Due to the proximity to vital tissues and organs, paranasal sinus infections may spread and cause infections of orbital, intracranial, vascular, and osseous structures. Neuroimaging is essential\u0000 in the accurate diagnosis and early detection of these complications. While CT is mostly used in cases involving the bone, MR imaging is superior in cases involving soft tissues. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge of paranasal sinus infections and to discuss and demonstrate\u0000 the imaging appearance of paranasal sinus infections and associated complications.Learning Objectives: To describe the development of the normal paranasal sinuses and discuss the standard of care imaging techniques and the imaging findings of paranasal sinus infection with its common and\u0000 rare complications in children","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46353155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is It Intracranial Hemorrhage? A Case-Based Approach to Confident Determination Using Dual-Energy CT 是颅内出血吗？基于案例的双能CT置信度确定方法

Neurographics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2200008

J. Sachs, P. Bunch, A. P. Sweeney, K. Hiatt, M. Benayoun, T. G. West

引用次数: 0

Spectrum and Mimics of Brain Surface Enhancement on Postcontrast FLAIR Images 对比度后FLAIR图像脑表面增强的频谱和模拟

Neurographics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100044

S. Rogers, J. Becker

{"title":"Spectrum and Mimics of Brain Surface Enhancement on Postcontrast FLAIR Images","authors":"S. Rogers, J. Becker","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100044","url":null,"abstract":"Brain surface enhancement on FLAIR describes increased FLAIR signal at the brain surface after the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents. Because of the unique properties of the FLAIR sequence, pathology at the brain surface may be obvious on postcontrast FLAIR but inconspicuous\u0000 on postcontrast T1 imaging. Following administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents, brain surface enhancement on FLAIR can be seen as leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR and/or CSF enhancement on FLAIR. Leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR manifests due to a combination of cortical and\u0000 leptomeningeal inflammation as well as vascular congestion or engorgement. CSF enhancement on FLAIR manifests as elevated subarachnoid FLAIR signal due to leakage of small quantities of gadolinium-based contrast agent into the CSF from breakdown of the BBB and/or blood-CSF barrier and is sometimes\u0000 associated with leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR. CSF enhancement on FLAIR has been previously described as a hyperintense acute reperfusion marker in the setting of stroke, TIA, and endovascular therapies. This article reviews brain surface enhancement on FLAIR, with leptomeningeal enhancement\u0000 on FLAIR and CSF enhancement on FLAIR, presented in the setting of stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, seizures, trauma, demyelinating disease, malignancy, diseases of vascular engorgement such as Moyamoya and Sturge-Weber syndrome, and chronic age-related\u0000 microvascular disease. The utility of brain surface enhancement on FLAIR as a biomarker of BBB/blood-CSF barrier dysfunction is also discussed.Learning Objective: To recognize brain surface enhancement on FLAIR imaging as leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR and CSF enhancement on FLAIR\u0000 in normal aging and a wide variety of intracranial diseases; to understand that FLAIR imaging is more sensitive than T1-weighted imaging for pathology at the brain surface; and to understand the potential of brain surface enhancement on FLAIR as a biomarker of BBB or blood-CSF barrier dysfunction","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44852801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AO Spine Injury Classification System Made Easy AO脊柱损伤分类系统变得简单

Neurographics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100072

A. A. Al Taweel, G. Edhayan, M. Colasurdo, S.C. Owji, M. Barghash, M. Alabdulkareem, H. Al Jadiry, K. Hsieh

{"title":"AO Spine Injury Classification System Made Easy","authors":"A. A. Al Taweel, G. Edhayan, M. Colasurdo, S.C. Owji, M. Barghash, M. Alabdulkareem, H. Al Jadiry, K. Hsieh","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100072","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal fractures are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients experiencing trauma. Identifying the significance of each fracture type and its prognosis is vital. Many trauma classification systems were devised to address these issues. The AO trauma classification system\u0000 is a departure from prior classifications because it addresses new aspects that were not included in prior ones. Its addition of neurologic status and modifiers has enabled a more concise and accurate approach to fractures by incorporating more than the dichotomy of fracture or no fracture.\u0000 This review article introduces the AO Spine injury classification system, some of the subsets under this classification system, and an explanation of how the American Society of Neuroradiology Common Data Elements macros can be used to better understand and incorporate this system into common\u0000 radiologic practice to report spinal trauma in the language of the multidisciplinary team.Learning Objectives: To identify the AO Spine injury classification system and its subsets, what distinguishes it from different prior classifications, and how to implement American Society of Neuroradiology\u0000 Common Data Elements AO Spine injury classification system macros into common radiologic practice, after completing this article","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49211665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imaging of Blunt Cervical Spine Ligamentous Injuries: Bridging the Gap between Neuroradiologists and Neurosurgeons 钝性颈椎韧带损伤的影像学：弥合神经放射学和神经外科医生之间的差距

Neurographics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100054

A. Prabhu, M. Stanton, S. Bhuta

{"title":"Imaging of Blunt Cervical Spine Ligamentous Injuries: Bridging the Gap between Neuroradiologists and Neurosurgeons","authors":"A. Prabhu, M. Stanton, S. Bhuta","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100054","url":null,"abstract":"In a setting of acute spinal trauma, imaging delineates all osseous and soft-tissue injuries and helps to guide potential surgical intervention. CT is the technique of choice in the setting of acute trauma. However, MR imaging is integral in the assessment of traumatic spinal injury,\u0000 specifically assessing discoligamentous structures otherwise not seen on CT. We describe the critical imaging parameters of cervical spine injuries in accordance with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) Spine classification system and its impact on neurosurgical management.\u0000 T2 fat-saturation sagittal and coronal images are valuable in assessing cervical spine ligaments. MR imaging at 3T offers superior resolution than 1.5T. The AO Spine classification for cervical spine injuries is now widely used and is more robust and correlates well with MR imaging. Type A\u0000 injuries can be managed conservatively. Type B injuries are potentially unstable. B1 osseous injuries alone can be managed conservatively. Anterior or posterior tension band injuries (B2/B3 type) are unstable and are considered for surgical intervention or halo immobilization. Type C injuries\u0000 have marked ligamentous injury and often require surgery. Identifying key MR imaging findings and using the AO Spine classification system and a reporting template helps bridging the knowledge gap between neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons, in turn influencing patient management.Learning\u0000 Objectives: To understand the nuances of critical imaging findings of cervical spine injuries in accordance with the AO classification: how to minimize errors in reports using a simple MR imaging reporting template or a checklist; incorporating a universally accepted nomenclature and terminologies\u0000 to remove bias and ensure consistency in communication with neurosurgical teams; and bridging the knowledge gap between neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons in the management of blunt cervical spinal trauma","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43220764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors: Who? When? Where? An Update Based on the 2021 World Health Organization Classification 胶质神经元和神经元肿瘤:谁?什么时候?在哪里?基于2021年世界卫生组织分类的更新

Neurographics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100047

A. S. Ayres, G. Bandeira, S. Ferraciolli, J. Takahashi, R. Moreno, L. F. de Souza Godoy, Y. Casal, L. D. de Lima, F. Frasseto, L. T. Lucato

{"title":"Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors: Who? When? Where? An Update Based on the 2021 World Health Organization Classification","authors":"A. S. Ayres, G. Bandeira, S. Ferraciolli, J. Takahashi, R. Moreno, L. F. de Souza Godoy, Y. Casal, L. D. de Lima, F. Frasseto, L. T. Lucato","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100047","url":null,"abstract":"Neuronal and glioneuronal tumors usually have a benign course and may have typical imaging characteristics, allowing their diagnosis based on MR imaging findings. The most common lesions are dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors and gangliogliomas, which have typical imaging characteristics.\u0000 The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, recently published in 2021, places greater emphasis on molecular markers to classify tumors of the CNS, leading to extensive changes in the classification of tumors, including\u0000 neuronal and glioneuronal tumors. The 2021 revision included 3 new tumors types: multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor, diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters (a provisional type), and myxoid glioneuronal tumor. Following these recent changes\u0000 in the World Health Organization classification, we aimed to review the main imaging features of these lesions in relation to their histopathologic and molecular features.Learning Objectives: To list the neuronal and glioneuronal tumors; recognize the main imaging findings and histologic\u0000 characteristics of neuronal and glioneuronal tumors; know the typical location of each neuronal and glioneuronal tumor; and become familiar with the main molecular alterations of neuronal and glioneuronal tumors to better understand their behavior","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44758444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: Diagnostic Approaches for Radiologists 未知原发性癌症：放射科医生的诊断方法

Neurographics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100031

J.C. Junn, K.A. Soderlund, C. Glastonbury

引用次数: 0

Radiologist’s Guide to Orthognathic Surgery 放射科医师正颌手术指南

Neurographics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100042

M. Lum, G.S. Reeve, C. Phillips, S. Strauss

引用次数: 0

Möbius Syndrome and Cerebellar Dysplasia: A Novel Association Möbius综合征和小脑发育不良:一个新的联系

Neurographics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100038

E. Rodrigues, N.M. Falkner, R. Lakshmanan, S. Williams, R. Warne