{"title":"Distribution of control via automation networks using the producer/consumer model","authors":"M.D. Miclot","doi":"10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679232","url":null,"abstract":"Today users are demanding more from their control systems, and consequently, from the networks that connect the system together. They want more or better diagnostics, less downtime, and reduced installation and maintenance costs. At the same time, they are demanding improved throughput. With increased functionality comes increased traffic (data) on the control system network. Today's automation networks, most of which are source/destination based, cannot offer the required functionality and accommodate the increased traffic flow, thus restricting system capabilities and productivity improvements. Increased demands on automation networks have forced the evolution of a new network model-one that provides greater functionality, makes more efficient use of network bandwidth, and increases information flow, all while reducing traffic on the wire. Unfortunately, much of the discussion to date about networks has focused on baud rates, protocol efficiency, and physical characteristics (i.e. type of wire used). In reality, it's more complex than that. Available diagnostics, messaging types and throughput must all be considered when evaluating a control system network. The most important factor affecting these capabilities in the control environment is the network model. The source/destination model used for the past two decades can no longer meet today's network needs. The only model available today that can meet these demanding requirements and allows for future migration is the producer/consumer network model. This model is outlined.","PeriodicalId":361384,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36246)","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125744332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Benefits and pitfalls when using permanent magnet motors in spinning applications","authors":"R.L. Brown","doi":"10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679226","url":null,"abstract":"For close to half a century, the textile and fiber industries have been using synchronous motors in their spinning applications. These motors have traditionally been of the synchronous reluctance-type due mostly to the cost of their nonexcited competitor: the permanent magnet (PM) motor. The steady decline in the cost of permanent magnets paired with less expensive manufacturing techniques have lowered the price of PM motors drastically. This economic attractiveness coupled with its inherent electrical advantages is making the PM motor the motor of choice in new textile and fiber spinning machine installations. The advantages of PM motors versus their synchronous reluctance counterparts, however, can quickly be negated by not thoroughly understanding the predictability of the PM motor's performance. This paper offers some insights into predicting performance of PM motors so they can be most advantageously applied in new installations.","PeriodicalId":361384,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36246)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131252568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low impact motor control with star-delta starting","authors":"P. Rowland","doi":"10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679231","url":null,"abstract":"Starting motors using 'across-the-line' techniques has a heavy impact on the power delivery system. For rural, power capacity limited and emergency delivery systems or storefront manufacturing operations, this is unacceptable. With the interest in world trading, exporters must be aware that most foreign (to the USA) countries are less tolerant of high motor starting currents than US domestic users. The technical expertise of the foreign plant maintenance staff may not support electronic starters which reduce starting currents. Three phase star-delta starting arrangements, a well known but often bypassed technique, can meet the requirements if the associated reduced starting torque is acceptable. This paper reviews the calculation methods for determining starting currents and torques. Procedures for selecting the correct motor overload devices, motor branch circuit wire sizes and starting device configurations are presented. Motor starting and protection diagrams are presented and discussed. The benefits and limitations of this starting technique are discussed.","PeriodicalId":361384,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36246)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128378542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vision system for on-loom fabric inspection","authors":"H. Sari-Sarraf, J. Goddard","doi":"10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679228","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a vision-based fabric inspection system that accomplishes on-loom inspection of the fabric under construction with 100% coverage. The inspection system, which offers a scalable, open architecture, can be manufactured at relatively low cost using off-the-shelf components. While synchronized to the motion of the loom, the developed system first acquires very high-quality, vibration-free images of the fabric using either front or backlighting. Then the acquired images are subjected to a novel defect segmentation algorithm, which is based on the concepts of wavelet transform, image fusion and the correlation dimension. The essence of this segmentation algorithm is the localization of those events (i.e., defects) in the input images that disrupt the global homogeneity of the background texture. The efficacy of this algorithm, as well as the overall inspection system, has been tested thoroughly under realistic conditions. The system was used to acquire and to analyze more than 3700 images of fabrics that were constructed with two different types of yarn. In each case, the performance of the system was evaluated as an operator introduced defects from 26 categories into the weaving process. The overall detection rate of the presented approach was found to be 89% with a localization accuracy of 0.2 in. (i.e., the minimum defect size) and a false alarm rate of 2.5%.","PeriodicalId":361384,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36246)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123417312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Energy Policy Act and its effect on industrial motors","authors":"Z. Kellum","doi":"10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679221","url":null,"abstract":"The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPACT) is a package of energy conservation measures signed into law in 1992. Part of EPACT specifies minimum efficiency levels for general purpose three-phase induction motors manufactured or imported into the US. This paper describes the requirements of the law, which motors are affected, and how the law will be enforced. Discussion also covers motors sold as components of imported manufacturing equipment.","PeriodicalId":361384,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36246)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122384889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Static transfer switch: advances in high speed solid-state transfer switches for critical power quality and reliability applications","authors":"M.M. Bhanoo","doi":"10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679225","url":null,"abstract":"The static transfer switch (STS) selects, at high speeds, between two or more sources of power and provides the best available power to the electrical load downstream. The STS is a solid-state switch based on the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) device. While the STS has been commercially available since 1971, advances in the sensing of power anomalies and in the control of SCRs have provided enhanced power reliability to critical sites in industries as diverse as process control applications in petrochemical and fiber related industries; data processing in large data centers; semiconductor manufacturing; and hospitals. This paper presents the fundamentals of the solid-state technology that is the foundation of the STS; and examines the results of subjecting the STS to a three-phase upstream fault.","PeriodicalId":361384,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36246)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128155327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction of a new fully biodegradable dielectric fluid","authors":"T. Oommen, C. Claiborne, E. Walsh","doi":"10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679223","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a vegetable oil based fully biodegradable dielectric fluid for use in electrical equipment is described. The starting material was a high oleic vegetable oil which was further purified and stabilized. A battery of evaluation tests and performance tests were conducted which confirmed the applicability of the fluid in equipment such as distribution transformers for prolonged use. The fluid belongs to the class of less flammable liquids due to its high flash and fire points. It is considered environmentally friendly due to its very high biodegradability. It is a possible alternative to the currently used fluids such as mineral oil and silicone which have low biodegradability.","PeriodicalId":361384,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36246)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132051299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selecting motor protection for plant and process optimization","authors":"W. J. Lukitsch","doi":"10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679229","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, the basic function of motor protection was to react to faults and failures. This protected the motor without regard for plant or process requirements. The result in many instances was unscheduled shutdowns and lost productivity and unusable products. The need for increased productivity and orderly shutdown of processes, has led to the development of modern electronic motor protection that goes beyond being reactive to faults and failures. By monitoring for abnormal operating conditions and having more data, such as motor temperature, it is possible to minimize downtime by taking preventive measures to eliminate shutting down. This paper reviews causes of motor failure and the various types of motor protection available. By appropriate analysis of the requirements of the plant the process and the motor, proper protection can be selected to guard the motor, while minimizing costs and optimizing the process and plant operation.","PeriodicalId":361384,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36246)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130092061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NEMA Design E motors and controls","authors":"J. Kilburn, R. Daugherty","doi":"10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679227","url":null,"abstract":"While considerable information has been published on the new NEMA design \"E\" motors themselves, little attention has been given to the associated equipment used to control them. This paper first discusses the motor design and related topics and then moves to the unique issues that Design E motors present to the control and protection devices used with them. Issues to be covered include: the characteristics of NEMA Design E motors; the impact of the 1997 Federal Mandate on energy efficient motors; UL and NEC ramifications on control and protection equipment for use with NEMA Design E motors; and the potential for nuisance tripping of overload relays and instantaneous circuit breakers when used on Design E motors.","PeriodicalId":361384,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36246)","volume":"71 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121195710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uninterruptible power supply systems: nonlinear electrical load compatibility","authors":"M. M. Bhanoo","doi":"10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEXCON.1998.679222","url":null,"abstract":"The mass proliferation of computers and distributed control systems in process control rooms and solid-state device driven machines in plants has resulted in increased electrical spikes, over/under-voltages, outages, and higher rate of wear and tear on equipment. The underlying cause of these phenomena is that nonlinear electrical loads are being used more frequently in the control room and plant environment. The uninterruptible power supply (UPS) has been the mainstay of power solutions for conditioning and backup in the industrial environment. The traditional UPS design for high-performance, high-reliability applications has been the application of the double conversion topology, in single-phase output configuration, using passive output harmonic filters to mitigate the ill-effects of nonlinear loads on traditional UPS systems. Unfortunately, passive output harmonic filters are expensive, require additional foot-print and cannot adapt themselves to changing load environment. In the context of modern process control plants and current economic conditions, passive filters are ineffective in delivering the lowest cost, smallest footprint solution. This paper describes the latest advances in the design of single-phase UPS systems incorporating real-time, dynamic digital feedback control to accommodate nonlinear loads.","PeriodicalId":361384,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36246)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124019833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}