Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning最新文献

{"title":"Identifying plant species and their usage for landscape on the historical mural paintings of Nan, Thailand","authors":"Paron Chatakul, Shusak Janpathompong","doi":"10.54028/nj202221219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221219","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, marketing influences landscape design plant selection in Thailand, with less concern for ecology, culture, or local identity. Archaic murals showing historical contexts offer extraordinary evidence related to the effort to understand the history of plants in the geographic area. It is highly informative to study whether plants on murals correlate with plants that were part of daily life at the time that the murals were created. The study of Thailand's famous murals at Phumin and Nongbua temples is the first complete identification of plant species in Tid Buaphan's murals in Nan province. It aims to (1) document the plants on the murals in a database, (2) categorize and analyze them in order to identify their species, and (3) validate the plant species and study how they were used for landscape design in various contexts.  \u0000The murals at both temples were examined, photographed, and coded for documentation in a database. The collected pictures were classified by physical characteristics and identified by investigating the Tai Lue scripts and Lord Buddha allegories, which are represented as stories on the murals. Moreover, some realistic paintings were analyzed and compared with botany literature and discussed in interviews with a botanist.  \u0000There are 259 paintings in 76 groups at Phumin temple, and 560 paintings in 138 groups at Nongbua temple. The results show 35 hypothetical species, including eight exotic species. Plants are represented in various contexts, including residences, towns, and agricultural and natural areas. The identified species were potentially used for consumption, daily use, ornamentation, or a representions of religious or cultural beliefs. This research suggests plant species that reveal their historical value and can be used for current landscape design that seeks to express the historical and cultural values of Nan province.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86791216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Design Combinations of Surface Materials and Plants on Outdoor Thermal Conditions during Summer around a Single-Detached House: a Numerical Analysis","authors":"Pichamon Leetongin, Natthaumporn Inprom, M. Srivanit, Daranee Jareemit","doi":"10.54028/nj202221218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221218","url":null,"abstract":"Suburban areas with low-density buildings are subject to only limited shading from adjacent buildings. As a result, these areas have more surface area absorbing more radiation, which has the effect of increasing urban temperatures compared with built-up high-density areas. This study aims to assess the combinations of landscape design, namely the integration of wall-paint colors, used to influence the outdoor thermal conditions around a single house in a housing cluster in suburban Bangkok, Thailand. The investigation used the ENVI-met model to perform diurnal profiles of the air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), direct and diffuse solar radiation, and wind speed (WS) in summer. The results show that only a single design element adversely affected the cooling effect, while other combinations of landscape design significantly improved outdoor thermal conditions. It was found that a combination of light wall-paint colors and trees planted near the house provided the maximum reduction in Ta of 0.7°C (1.6% from the base case), and a 2.7% reduction in the noon solar radiation. High-reflectance wall-paint was found to have a secondary influence of up to 0.2°C on the Ta, while the temperature reductions from changing the ground-cover materials had only a slight impact. Finally, landscape designs integrating wall-paint colors to promote a cooler outdoor environment are proposed. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87047065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Hydrodynamic Model for Regulating Water Drainage of Reservoir and Water Resources Management, Lamtakong Watershed of Thailand","authors":"Banchongsak Faksomboon","doi":"10.54028/nj202221217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221217","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research was to develop a hydrodynamic model (HDD-M) for water resource management in the Lamtakong Watershed (LTKW), as well as to simulate three scenarios: 1) Current land use conditions in 2021, 2) Forecasting predicted land-use changes in 2024, and 3) Water drainage regulation of the Lamtakong Reservoir (LTKR) for water resource management in 2024. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Geographic Information System (GIS) program were used to estimate and simulate the amount of Surface Runoff (S), Sediment Yield (SED), Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand concentration (CBOD), and Nitrate concentration (NO3) based on a comparison of simulated and observed data. In scenario 1, the S, SED, CBOD, and NO3 were calculated to be 238.44 million cubic meters (MCM), 840,613.68 tons per year, 2.38 mg/L, and 7.36 mg/L, respectively. In the second scenario, the S decreased to 14.75 MCM, whereas SED, CBOD, and NO3 increased to 56,757.48 tons, 0.56 mg/L, and 0.79 mg/L, respectively, when compared to scenario 1, (Scenario 2). Scenario 3 demonstrated that during the dry season of November to June, the standards of surface water were CBOD and NO3, and that increasing LTKR drainage can help prevent the deterioration of water yields. As a result, the HDD-M, which includes the reservoir's controlling water drainage, may need to be considered to satisfy water resource management goals. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79951490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"User Satisfaction and the Social and Environmental Benefits of Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study of Thimphu City, Bhutan","authors":"Chandra Man Rai, Yeshi Dorji, Sangay Zangmo","doi":"10.54028/nj202221216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221216","url":null,"abstract":"Urban green spaces provide important recreational, social, and ecological benefits in urban settings. Understanding of the use and benefits associated with green spaces amongst urban residents is crucial in developing appropriate urban green infrastructure strategies. This study explored visitors’ levels of satisfaction with the benefits, characteristics, and determined factors influencing visitor satisfaction with urban green spaces. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from a random sample of 125 visitors from three urban green spaces in the capital city of Bhutan, Thimphu.  Visitors' satisfaction with urban parks was assessed based on their quality, social, and environmental benefits. Descriptive statistics and an ordered logistic-regression model were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that visitors were satisfied with quality as well as the social and ecological benefits of green spaces. Results also revealed that factors significantly influencing visitor satisfaction included educational level, frequency of visit, day visit, distance from home, quality of the urban park, social benefits, and ecological benefits. Overall, the study stresses the importance of optimizing green infrastructure planning in order to promote social and environmental well-being in the face of the growing populations in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72445750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Data Visualization and Analysis Tools for AI Ready City: Space Syntax and Social Media Data","authors":"Santirak Prasertsuk, Chawee Busayarat","doi":"10.54028/nj202221214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221214","url":null,"abstract":"Space syntax is now widely accepted as a set of techniques that can be used to efficiently analyze spatial morphological structure at the city or community level. Segment analysis, a type of space syntax that is typically rendered through two-dimensional vector lines, can show the effectiveness of pedestrian and vehicular accesses to parts of a city. However, analysis of a city’s condition is far too diverse and complex for the use of space syntax alone. Other types of information, such as data from social media, can be integrated to determine and locate problems in the city, or to search for areas with potential for development. These types of data help in analyzing the quality of experience for those using the urban spaces, and they can be obtained by compiling the judgements of actual city dwellers, or by using advanced technologies to create a more realistic virtual reality and letting system users be the judges. The purpose of this research is to develop a 3D model and a virtual reality system capable of displaying the results of 3D urban morphological analysis, using space syntax segment analysis and social media data from urban space users to support the collaboration and communication among architects, designers, urban planners, city policy makers, or other city stakeholders. The virtual 3D model was created by using photogrammetry from aerial photographs, as well as a low polygon model built with referenced data from the photogrammetry model for faster rendering. The area of Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, was used as the prototype area for the AI Ready City.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90326974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Mobility Indices and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand","authors":"Pitchaporn Inthisorn, Nattapong Puttanapong","doi":"10.54028/nj202221215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221215","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the associations between the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and alternative indicators. Specifically, Apple mobility index, Google community mobility index, and Nighttime-light (NTL) data are used for empirical analyses using ordinary least squares (OLS) and panel regressions as research methods. Results produced by OLS models show that Apple’s subcategory of driving activity and Google’s subcategory of visiting transit places are negatively associated with the number of COVID-19 cases. To extend the spatiotemporal details of this analysis, we formulate the panel data by integrating the monthly provincial indicators of Apple mobility index, NTL index, and the COVID-19 infected cases. Both fixed- and random-effects panel regression models indicate that Apple’s driving and walking mobility subcategories are negatively associated with the COVID-19 infected cases. By contrast, the relationship between the NTL index and the intensity of the COVID-19 outbreak is inconclusive. These findings suggest that Apple's mobility index can be applied as an alternative and timely indicator of economic activity, particularly for observing the near real-time intensity of mobility and transportation volume. In addition, these findings can serve as a resource for developing spatial models for urban planning and geographical impacts.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83104742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Encased Stupas in Thailand and Myanmar","authors":"Myo Nyunt Aung","doi":"10.54028/nj202221213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221213","url":null,"abstract":"This article compares the design of encased stupas from the 15th to 19th centuries CE in Thailand along with examples from Myanmar in order to highlight the shared custom of encasement alongside the differences which developed over time.  Archaeological evidence of stupa encasement is plentiful, particularly in Thailand, and shows variations in the design of space and patronage. In both these countries, the second or new donor sometimes left a gap between the original inner and new outer structure for patrons and pilgrims to move around the inner structure in veneration. This article compares examples alongside the customs and beliefs that underpin the function and meaning of the encasement. Archaeological evidence of encasement in Thailand is complemented by the presence of relics of the Buddha, kings, amulets, precious stones, and possibly consecration deposits reviewed through the chronology, epigraphy, architecture, art styles and reliquaries of five Buddhist stupas dating from the 15th to 19th centuries CE. These are compared with examples from the author’s native country of Myanmar, where some encasements have a space between inner and outer stupas and relics have been recorded. While there are many similarities, in Myanmar the relic deposits from research to date have been found in many parts of the stupa, which is somewhat different from Thailand. Together, these comparative and contextual aspects contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationships in patronage traditions and also differences in encasement design between the neighboring countries of Myanmar and Thailand. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91140012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristic Factors Influencing the Thai-Style Public Space Utilization: Case Study of Sanam Na Mueang Public Park in Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town, Thailand","authors":"Rawin Thinnakorn, Pornthip Kimnuan","doi":"10.54028/nj202221212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221212","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to identify the characteristic factors influencing the Thai-style public space utilization with the combination of variables of good public space characteristics following the occidental and Thai theories from the perspective of actual users in order to create new components or factors influencing the Thai-style public space utilization. Sanam Na Mueang Public Park, located in Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town, was specified as the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to classify 30 variables influencing the success of public space utilization; data was collected from questionnaire responses provided by 320 people. The results indicate that the new characteristic factors influencing Thai-style public space utilization consist of contextual connection and space identity, landscape elements, and aesthetics of public space utilization. These results reflect that both contextual connection and space identity, and landscape elements are consistent with occidental theories that prioritize physical characteristics and promote the access and facilitation, while the aesthetics of public space utilization, in contrast to occidental theories, prioritize the aesthetics of utilization and visibility to the surrounding people and activities. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78260339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Physical Attributes of Boundary Walls on the Perceived Sociability of the Adjoining Public Space","authors":"G. Saisanath, G. Subbaiyan","doi":"10.54028/nj202221211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221211","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the proliferation of security concerns and privatization of space, the consideration of boundary walls in contributing to the publicness of public spaces is limited to their presence and level of visual accessibility. However, as one of the interstitial configurations of street edges, the enabling capacity of the physical attributes of boundary walls in influencing the perceived sociability of the adjoining space has hardly been investigated. The contribution of boundary walls towards the publicness of public spaces is dependent on the intensity of their physical attributes. Physical features, surface uses, physical access, and visual access conditions are the attributes of boundary walls that not only represent the intended levels of control, but also latently reveal the intrinsic association with the adjoining space. Premised on the interaction between objective and subjective measurements, in this study, these physical attributes of boundary walls are measured in terms of their contribution to the publicness of public spaces, while the perceived sociability of the adjoining space is measured through a questionnaire survey in positive and ambiguous space types. The physical boundaries of eleven positive spaces and twelve ambiguous space types in Tiruchirappalli city in the state of Tamil Nadu, India are identified, and the differences in the perceived sociability of the adjoining spaces are analyzed with respect to the physical attributes of boundary walls and the presence of sidewalk. This study has found that the physical features, surface uses, visual access, and the varying conditions of the abutting space of boundary walls influence the perceived sociability of the adjoining space.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78385686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection Criteria of Ordinary Urban Heritages Through the Case of Bangrak, a Multi-Cultural & Old Commercial District of Bangkok","authors":"Prin Jhearmaneechotechai","doi":"10.54028/nj202221209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines preservation of an old and multicultural commercial district of Bangrak, Bangkok through application of ordinary urban heritage, which is an alternative approach, but one which can fill a gap in the heritage conservation process. The dual objectives of this paper are 1. Introducing an alternative lens for considering the heritages of ordinary people in an urban context through the case of Bangrak in Bangkok, Thailand; and 2. Identifying selection criteria of ordinary urban heritages.  \u0000Bangrak, the study area, is an old commercial district of inner Bangkok that is characterized by diversity in the different groups who live and work there, their cultures, and their heritages. This paper studied four areas comprising groups whose members originated from China, India-South Asia, Western countries, and Thailand.   \u0000The ordinary urban heritages discussed in this paper are outcomes of identifying selection criteria based on the methodology of three processes: (1) theoretical reviews of vernacular heritage, ordinary heritage, and urban heritage, making use of AHD (Authorised Heritage Discourse) to distinguish “official” heritages identified by Thai government agencies, and the ordinary urban heritages of Bangrak. (2) analysis of historical maps, and (3) non-participant observational surveys to verify locations and appearances of ordinary urban heritages identified by the analysis of historical maps.  \u0000The selection criteria of ordinary urban heritages of Bangrak are outcomes of five factors: (1) The amount of time the heritage has been present in the area, (2) Heritages of ordinary people, (3) Repetitive appearance or cluster of heritages, (4) Ability to adapt to urbanization, and (5) Present-day existence of heritages in four areas of different cultures.   \u0000The ordinary urban heritages identified as the result of selection criteria comprise shophouses, urban patterns of “Trok” (small alleys), and sacred places in the communities.  As buildings, shophouses are, per se, ordinary urban heritage from a physical aspect, and they are the centers of the commercial activities of everyday life. “Trok”, or small alleys, have been built by ordinary people, and they help form the particular urban pattern of Bangrak. Small sacred places represent a legacy of the beliefs of different cultures represented through their physical spaces and appearances. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90314384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}