International Journal of Nuclear Security最新文献

{"title":"Perception of Nuclear Security as a Barrier to Female Representation in Africa","authors":"Primerose Ruhukwa","doi":"10.7290/ijns257949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/ijns257949","url":null,"abstract":"Women are strongly underrepresented in the nuclear energy sector, particularly in the field of Nuclear security. Regardless of several government efforts to increase the number of women in this field, which include gender balance polices, education, and awareness campaigns, the nuclear security industry remains a male-dominated field. The reason why nuclear security is shunned by most women in Africa is because of an incorrect perception of what nuclear security is. When a lay person hears the term nuclear, the first thing that comes to mind is nuclear weapons, and many are quick to judge, saying that Africa does not have any nuclear materials, not realizing that nuclear is more than just nuclear bombs. In Africa, the term security is associated mostly with men who safeguard sensitive buildings and public areas. People think of security in terms of men carrying guns. The security profession is usually undermined because of the lack of opportunities and privileges for people doing these jobs. Also, the fact that few women already work in the nuclear security industry, particularly in top positions, makes this field automatically perceived as a male job. Many wrong perceptions exist about what nuclear security is, and many young women simply do not know about the various career opportunities that nuclear security has. This paper seeks to clarify the wrong perceptions and myths about what nuclear security entails, highlight challenges that are hindering women from taking nuclear security as a profession, and suggest ways to increase female representation in the nuclear security industry.","PeriodicalId":36043,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Nuclear Security Capacity of Indonesia’s Police and Security Officer: Lessons from Universitas Gadjah Mada’s Pilot Training","authors":"Susetyo Hario Putero, Mondjo Mondjo, Agus Budhie Wijatna, Sihana Sihana, A. Widiharto, Nunung Prabaningrum, Anung Muharini, W. Rosita, Ester Wijayanti, Alexander Agung, H. Santosa, K. Kusnanto, Y. Imardjoko, Faridah Faridah, F. Ferdiansjah","doi":"10.7290/ijns07v97c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/ijns07v97c","url":null,"abstract":"Due to an increase in global nuclear security issues, there need to be improvements in human resources and security measures. The Republic of Indonesia is an archipelago country, which makes surveilling for nuclear security threats complicated. Recent radioactive material smuggling incidents proved that Indonesian police and security officers’ knowledge in nuclear security has been challenged and must be improved. In response, Universitas Gadjah Mada’s Nuclear Engineering Program composed a three-day pilot training program for local police and UGM's security officers in 2018. The objective of the training was to improve their capabilities in dealing with nuclear security issues around where they work and serve. Training materials were designed to introduce nuclear technology and provide the basic skills of handling nuclear security matters. The training was divided into 12 sessions, based on the needs stated by the Special Region of Yogyakarta's police chief. Lessons were delivered through traditional teaching, table-top exercises, exercises, and discussion. Fifteen-question pre-tests and post-tests were conducted to assess the officers’ knowledge of the training materials and the benefits of being trained. Based on the tests, we concluded that the participants’ understanding of nuclear security had improved. This increase in understanding was because the training materials fit their job needs, presented in various methods, and the participants’ awareness grew. It led to an increase in their awareness for securing the facilities utilizing radioactive sources in the Yogyakarta area. They said that the number of trainees in this event still does not meet the number of facilities that have to be secured. Therefore, the training should be carried out again and can be improved based on the participants' feedback. Furthermore, this training could be expanded and applied to the whole country.","PeriodicalId":36043,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peace and Nuclear-free Advocacy Revisited: Lessons from New Zealand and Implications for Japan","authors":"Pinar Temocin, N. Kawano","doi":"10.7290/ijns07j7j1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/ijns07j7j1","url":null,"abstract":"Although there are multiple pathways of conditions leading to desired policy outcomes, the viability of peace and nuclear-free advocacy can be related to the convergence of a strong, diverse, and active civil society, where leadership and a responsive political environment are well-integrated. We discuss that sociopolitical mobilizations (e.g. peace and nuclear-free advocacy), active civil society, and democratic institutions are not only linked to each other but are also co-existent. In this essay, we look at the case of New Zealand (Aotearoa) with its unique nuclear-free peace movement and find some implications for contemporary Japan, which is the only country which was subjected to atomic bombing but which does not support nuclear disarmament in its official policies, despite the presence of a long-standing peace movement and substantial majorities in favor of steps like Japan signing the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW).","PeriodicalId":36043,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effort and Prospective on Nuclear Security in ROK","authors":"Jung Soo Kim, Malte F. Jung, Kook-huei Kwon, Young Wook Lee","doi":"10.7290/ijns07c1uw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/ijns07c1uw","url":null,"abstract":"As of July 2013, the Republic of Korea (ROK) has been operating a total of 23 nuclear power reactors at four sites with five new reactors under construction. In addition, the country has been planned to construct two more units at two candidate sites. But, at now, due to change the energy policy, only one candidate site has been constructed and one nuclear power plant has been decommissioned. Otherwise, ROK has also been exporting nuclear power plants to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and building a research reactor to Jordan. These performances have made the nation’s nuclear industry by far the fastest growing industry in the world. While Korea has focused on improvements in the field of nuclear safety (especially after the Fukushima accident), it continues to strengthen nuclear security as well. This was demonstrated when the country hosted the 2012 Nuclear Security Summit and in a speech made by nation’s president emphasizing the need for nuclear and cyber security during the 2014 Nuclear Security Summit (NSS). The paper examined the approaches leading to the establishment of the physical protection systems applied at the nuclear facilities in ROK based on CPPNM. Also, the paper will offer recommendations for further steps to improve the ROK’s existing nuclear security apparatus.","PeriodicalId":36043,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Nuclear Forensics for Determining the Origin of Nuclear Materials Out of Regulatory Control and Nuclear Security","authors":"L. Ghimire, E. Waller","doi":"10.7290/ijns07xq5m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/ijns07xq5m","url":null,"abstract":"The international community recognizes the rise in theft and illicit trafficking of nuclear materials and radioactive sources—for malicious use and nuclear terrorism—as a serious threat. That is why a well-developed nuclear forensics capability is an integral part of a robust nuclear security program and a key element of nuclear security infrastructure. Both pre- and post-detonation nuclear forensics are vital for controlling theft and illicit trafficking of nuclear materials, as well as identifying and tracing their sources. Nuclear forensics analysis and interpretation processes for nuclear security is a systematic process that includes: (1) sample collection and categorization techniques and (2) detailed nuclear forensics analytical plans, which are a laboratory analysis of physical and chemical properties of the collected or seized nuclear and radioactive materials. Besides nuclear materials, the non-nuclear and biological materials present in seized nuclear materials can also provide important information about the source and origin of nuclear materials. Upon complete analysis of the seized materials, the data interpretation to trace the origin of the nuclear and radiological materials is one of the most critical steps to identifying the origin of the materials, which depends on the availability of similar data to compare. So, each country should have its own incident register system (IRS) and collaborate with the International Technical Working Group (ITWG), Incident and Trafficking Database (ITDB), and IAEA for data sharing and interpretation.","PeriodicalId":36043,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Underground, Unmanned Threats: A Case Study of GPR Detecting Illegal Objects at Nuclear Facilities and Enhancing Subterranean Physical Protection Systems","authors":"Md. Shamsul Huda Sohel, Mohammad Khan, D. Datta","doi":"10.7290/ijns07lc4g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/ijns07lc4g","url":null,"abstract":"In nuclear installations, any unmanned threat is unacceptable. Such threats are a major issue for the nuclear physical protection system (PPS). Although the PPS of a nuclear power plant (NPP) is well prepared to deal with threats above ground level, until now, a special PPS had never been developed for detecting and tackling underground threats. One example of such a threat is a weapon-carrying, unmanned object operated by remote. Using this technology, a terrorist could launch an attack and overcome security barriers. While a normal PPS would not detect the underground activities of a mobile object, a PPS using a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) could. Therefore, adopting GPR technology at nuclear installations would allow us to detect any illegal, unmanned intelligence object accessing an underground path and would strengthen the subterranean PPS.","PeriodicalId":36043,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the use of Coincidences Between Fast Neutrons and Gamma Rays for the Detection of Special Nuclear Materials","authors":"Débora M. Trombetta, B. Cederwall, K. Axell","doi":"10.7290/IJNS070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/IJNS070104","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of new methodologies with promising applications that could impact nuclear security and emergency preparedness detection systems in the near future motivate the development of computational tools that allow the theoretical investigation of the relevant design parameters for such detection systems. Here, we present Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNP6 code to investigate the use of fast neutronneutron and gamma-neutron coincidences in addition to conventional methods for detection of special nuclear materials (SNM) using inorganic scintillator detectors. The results show fair agreement between MCNP6 and MCNP-PoliMi simulations for neutron-neutron coincidences and that coincident detection of gamma rays and fast neutrons has a potential for enhancing the sensitivity for detection of SNM compared with conventional gamma-ray, single-neutron, and fast neutron-neutron coincidence detection schemes.","PeriodicalId":36043,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gift Baskets for South Asia: Nuclear Risk Reduction and Crisis Management","authors":"Amber Jamil, Megan Goyette","doi":"10.7290/ijns07s2wc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/ijns07s2wc","url":null,"abstract":"Gift Basket diplomacy is an interest-based approach to negotiation that encourages voluntary commitments as incentives for cooperation. International diplomats used this approach during the Nuclear Security Summits (NSS), and it is the new standard for international cooperation. This model was successfully replicated in climate talks and led to a global effort to combat climate change. The use of house presents, and gift baskets encourages leadership and team building, to excel beyond intractable consensus-based stalemates. The Gift Basket Diplomacy model may reduce South Asia’s nuclear risk and enhance crisis management by increasing diplomatic efforts during regional party talks and cooperative engagements, by keeping negotiators on a focused path to substantive counterterrorism and border security cooperation.","PeriodicalId":36043,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Problem of Nuclear Proliferation","authors":"M. Nacht, Michael Frank, S. Prussin","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-75085-5_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75085-5_3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36043,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79435847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review of \"Hacking the Bomb: Cyber Threats and Nuclear Weapons\" by Andrew Futter","authors":"Lopamudra Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.7290/IJNS070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/IJNS070105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36043,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Security","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}