{"title":"5. From Student Activists to Muktibahini: Students, Mass Violence and the Bangladesh Liberation War","authors":"Samantha Christiansen","doi":"10.1515/9783110659054-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110659054-005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360080,"journal":{"name":"Genocide and Mass Violence in Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130409288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"10. Murder, Museums, and Memory: Cold War Public History in Jakarta, Ho Chi Minh City, and Phnom Penh","authors":"Michael G. Vann","doi":"10.1515/9783110659054-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110659054-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360080,"journal":{"name":"Genocide and Mass Violence in Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124910801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"8. Japanese War Crimes and War Crimes Trials in China","authors":"Ikō Toshiya","doi":"10.1515/9783110659054-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110659054-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360080,"journal":{"name":"Genocide and Mass Violence in Asia","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122503565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1. Genocide and Mass Violence in Asia: An Introduction","authors":"F. Jacob","doi":"10.1515/9783110659054-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110659054-001","url":null,"abstract":"The late Nobel Peace Prize laureate and former General Secretary of the UN Kofi Annan (1938–2018) emphasized in his Nobel Lecture in 2001 that the “crime of all crimes” often begins with a single murder. This violent act does not only physically destroy a human being, but, as French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926–1984) highlighted, power relations are established and new mechanisms of power are eventually installed or fortified within a society. The 20th century in particular witnessed countless attempts to restructure such power relations and, as a whole, the years between the First World War and the end of the Cold War, i.e. the period Eric Hobsbawm (1917–2012) called the “Age of Extremes,” were perhaps, as Kofi Annan correctly further remarked, “the deadliest in human history, devastated by innumerable conflicts, untold suffering, and unimaginable crimes.” The century was determined by imperial wars, two World Wars, the Cold War, and new wars at its end. These were often accompanied by forms of mass","PeriodicalId":360080,"journal":{"name":"Genocide and Mass Violence in Asia","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121372319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110659054-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110659054-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360080,"journal":{"name":"Genocide and Mass Violence in Asia","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129408983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3. “Kill 3 Million and the Rest Will Eat of Our Hands”: Genocide, Rape, and the Bangladeshi War of Liberation","authors":"Anwar Ouassini, Nabil Ouassini","doi":"10.1515/9783110659054-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110659054-003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360080,"journal":{"name":"Genocide and Mass Violence in Asia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125018078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"7. Excessive Violence in a War Without Fronts: Explaining Atrocities in South Vietnam (1965–1973)","authors":"Marcel Berni","doi":"10.1515/9783110659054-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110659054-007","url":null,"abstract":"When Life magazine published graphic pictures of the My Lai massacre on 5 December 1969, large parts of the American society were shocked. Ronald Haeberle’s images of the butchery in the cluster of huts known to American ground troops as My Lai (4) in Quang Ngai Province were reprinted in the following days in multiple media outlets across the world. What happened in My Lai, a hamlet that had previously been raided by American troops, not only reinforced the antiwar movement but also led many GIs to come out in public and testify about atrocities committed in Southeast Asia. Countless veterans accused the military doctrine of the American armed forces in their explanations of what they did and why. Hence, after the massacre at My Lai, military sources that dealt with similar allegations and wide accounts from journalists and eyewitnesses on atrocities in Vietnam were written and compiled.","PeriodicalId":360080,"journal":{"name":"Genocide and Mass Violence in Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130111121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"6. Narratives Without Guilt: The Self- Perception of Japanese Perpetrators","authors":"F. Jacob","doi":"10.1515/9783110659054-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110659054-006","url":null,"abstract":"Many former POWs who survived one of the many Japanese camps during World War II must have considered the “charges against the Japanese brought forward [at] the Tokyo War Crimes Trials [as] chilling.” Many prisoners of the Imperial Japanese Army did not survive the Second World War and in Japan’s POW camps a massive number of soldiers died in comparison with those POW camps ran by other Axis powers. The judgment at Tokyo mentioned that only 4% of the 235,000 Allied, i.e. American and British, POWs lost their lives in German or Italian captivity, while 27% of the 132,000 men that were caught by the Japanese Army died. From a US perspective the numbers are even more shocking, as 9 out of every 10 dead POWs died in Japanese captivity during the war. There are horror stories like those of the eyewitnesses of the Bataan Death March, due to which more than 70,000 US and Filipino soldiers were forced to march for days, without any supply of food, to reach the trains that would bring them to Camp O’Donnell to the north. Other POWs, especially from Britain and Australia, were forced to build the Thai-Burma Railway, on which the present chapter will focus, and many of those who were forced to work on this project died during the war. Reports about the treatment of the prisoners highlight the cruelty used by the Japanese soldiers, who forced their prisoners","PeriodicalId":360080,"journal":{"name":"Genocide and Mass Violence in Asia","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125926973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2. Crowd Violence in East Pakistan/ Bangladesh 1971–1972","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110659054-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110659054-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360080,"journal":{"name":"Genocide and Mass Violence in Asia","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130508570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"4. Reframing the “Comfort Women” Issue: New Representations of an Old War Crime","authors":"M. Stetz","doi":"10.1515/9783110659054-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110659054-004","url":null,"abstract":"The end of 2016 marked several important anniversaries for the so-called “comfort women” issue – that is, the subject of Asian women who were used by the Imperial Japanese Army as military sex slaves. Twenty-five years earlier, in August 1991, what George Hicks later called “a turning point” occurred, when an elderly Korean woman, Kim Hak Sun (1924–1997), “announced her willingness to testify publicly about her experiences as a comfort woman, raising the issue to the level of formal legal action.” She told of being imprisoned in “comfort stations” for sexual exploitation during the Second World War and, with other girls, being shipped across China to be used by Japanese soldiers near the frontlines of battle. With her testimony, as well as that of other survivors who soon began to come forward, “groups in both Korea and Japan . . . prepared a lawsuit” against Japan, demanding compensation for the irreparable damage they suffered to their bodies and minds. As Bonnie B. C. Oh reports, this led to a formal request from the government of the Republic of Korea for Japan “to conduct an investigation into the ‘comfort women’ system.” But there is also another anniversary to consider. The end of 2016 marked one year since the surprise announcement of an agreement between the governments of President Park Geun-hye of the Republic of Korea – who would wind up being impeached in 2017 – and of Prime Minister Abe Shinzō of Japan that supposedly would put to rest a dispute between the two nations over what the Japanese military did in Asia more over seventy years ago, as well as what it still owes to those who were harmed by the “comfort system.” As revealed to the public on 28 December 2016 by the foreign ministers of both nations, this","PeriodicalId":360080,"journal":{"name":"Genocide and Mass Violence in Asia","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131459045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}