Geomorfologiya最新文献

{"title":"The application of the scale-space theory for medium-resolution DTM in geological and geotectonic studies","authors":"O. V. Rybas, О В Рыбас, G. Z. Gilmanova, Г З Гильманова","doi":"10.31857/S0435-42812019268-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435-42812019268-78","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a technique for identifying structural elements and details of the geological structure in digital terrain models (DTM) based on the theory of scale spaces. With its help, linear, dome-shaped and textural features are singled out from medium-resolution DTM (for example, SRTM03, GMTED2010), allowing to significantly improve the quality of studies related to tectonic and geological mapping and zoning. In general, the theory of scale — spaces is described in application to the solution of these problems and illustarted on the examples of a number of case studies.","PeriodicalId":35940,"journal":{"name":"Geomorfologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45261086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological structure of plains subject to ground subsidence on the basis of mathematical morphology of landscapes approach","authors":"S. Sadkov, С А Садков","doi":"10.31857/S0435-42812019148-58-9088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435-42812019148-58-9088","url":null,"abstract":"Possibility for landscape pattern modeling was demonstrated for areas characterized by active ground subsidence in the eastern part of the Middle Russian Upland (the Kursk Region) as a case study, based on the mathematical morphology of landscapes technique. Applicability of this approach for the case study area was substantiated. The investigation revealed objective difficulties caused by complex morphological pattern of the area compared with the previously proposed canonical models (in terms of the landscape science). The  simultaneous occurrence of morphometrically and physiographically different types of the depressions was considered with subsequent analysis of particular types. Significant differences in morphometric characteristics of forested and meadow depressions as well as low areas without morphologically distinct depressions (so-called “wet spots”) have been found by the application of the variance method. Correspondence of the meadow depressions mean radius sample distribution with log-normal distribution and of the “wet spots” one with normal distribution have been revealed. The forested depressions mean radius sample shows correspondence with both types of statistical distributions.","PeriodicalId":35940,"journal":{"name":"Geomorfologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44044058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Islands of the upper River Ob: morphometric characteristic, evolution and dynamics","authors":"G. B. Golubtsov, Г Б Голубцов, R. Chalov, Р С Чалов","doi":"10.31857/S0435-42812019180-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435-42812019180-90","url":null,"abstract":"The studied reach of the upper River Ob is quite complicated in the morphological aspect and characterized by very low channel stability and high discharge of sand load. Unconstrained conditions for lateral channel migration promotes active channel deformations not only at long-term scale, but also seasonally. Channel deformations contribute to the transformation of the channel and its morphodynamic type in time. The upper River Ob is intensively used as a water course, so any reorganization of the channel and river islands should be taken into account to support navigation. \u0000Morphometric and morphodynamic analysis of the islands made it possible to develop their morphological classification. Morphometric parameters of islands, being associated with the characteristics of the channel itself, are one of the main classification features. Empirical relations were obtained that link the dimensions (Lo, Bo) and shape of islands (Lo/Bo) with the morphodynamic channel type and its stability, the degree of branching of the channel (number of islands no per 1 km of channel length x). The features of island dynamics are also determined by the morphodynamic type of the channel and are associated with the morphometric characteristics of the islands themselves and their position in the channel, which determines the transgressive, regressive and transverse shift or their stable position in time.","PeriodicalId":35940,"journal":{"name":"Geomorfologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69738945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical modeling of the development of the long profile of a deluvial slope","authors":"A. Salugin, A. Kulik","doi":"10.31857/S0435-42812019159-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435-42812019159-65","url":null,"abstract":"The process of formation of gentle deluvial (dominated by sheet erosion) slopes under the influence of anthropogenic load is investigated using a deterministic balance model in a 2D formulation. It is shown that the non-linear erosion model as a diffusion equation in partial derivatives with boundary conditions makes it possible to adequately reflect the dynamics of sheet erosion. The physical aspects of mass transfer in a laminar flow are considered, taking into account the mechanisms of separation and transport of soil particles in connection with the concept of critical velocity. The evolution of the profile of a deluvial slope is investigated. The results of the numerical experiment were used to analyze the mechanism of transfer of erosion products and the formation of profiles. The concept of diffusion-balance modeling is expanded by numerical, as well as computational experiments. Taking into account the detected high adequacy of the model, it can be used to describe the evolution of deluvial slopes.","PeriodicalId":35940,"journal":{"name":"Geomorfologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45228932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of the recreational-geomorphological potential of the coasts of the White and Baltic Seas","authors":"D. V. Mishurinskii, Д В Мишуринский, A. V. Bredihin, А В Бредихин","doi":"10.31857/S0435-42812019138-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435-42812019138-47","url":null,"abstract":"The approaches to qualitative and quantitative evaluation of recreational-geomorphological potential based on the study of geomorphological safety and attractiveness was applied to the coastal areas of the White and Baltic Seas. The two coasts differ in geomorphological structure, and tourist activities, but they both are attractive for visitors at any time of the year. For more effective conduct of activities in the study areas, it is necessary to take into account the presence of natural monuments, infrastructure development, activity of dangerous processes, historical and cultural characteristics of the area, etc. The best way is to apply different coefficients that give a comprehensive assessment of the territory. The special and integrated indicators obtained in this study can be used for zoning in terms of safety and attractiveness when creating a new tourism product and decision-making related to the foundation and functioning of recreation zones and systems.","PeriodicalId":35940,"journal":{"name":"Geomorfologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47777047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomorphological approach to the river runoff evaluation in the geological past (рaper 5. Comparison of the estimates by different methods)","authors":"A. Sidorchuk, Александр Сидорчук, A. Panin, А. В. Панин, O. Borisova, О.К. Борисова","doi":"10.31857/S0435-42812019166-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435-42812019166-79","url":null,"abstract":"The estimates of water flow in the paleorivers with known paleochannel morphometry was compared with basic hydrological and climatic indicators found by paleogeographic analogy in the regions-analogues, determined by fossil flora analysis from the Holocene (from the present to 10 thousand years ago), the Late Valday (17–18 thousand years ago) and before the Eemian (~140 thousand years ago) deposits. Comparison of annual runoff depth obtained by regime equations and equations of hydraulics and taken from the hydrological maps in the regions-analogues, showed quite satisfactory compliance. Relative error of comparison for the different objects is in the range of ±11–23%, which does not exceed the average error of water flow estimation by each of these techniques separately. However, the error of ±20% is significant and geomorphological approaches can be applied only for the cases of sufficient changes in the water flow of ancient rivers (twice or more) and for long-term periods. Nevertheless, the use of geomorphological approaches and the method of paleogeographic analogy is now one of the main ways to reconstruct water resources in the past and to construct water resources scenarios for possible future climate changes.","PeriodicalId":35940,"journal":{"name":"Geomorfologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48422757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of recreation on linear erosion in the Olkhon region","authors":"V. Karavaev, В. А. Караваев, M. Opekunova, М. Ю. Опекунова, S. Solodyankina, С. В. Солодянкина, T. I. Znamenskaya, Т. И. Знаменская, Yu. V. Vanteeva, Ю. В. Вантеева","doi":"10.31857/S0435-42812019191-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435-42812019191-102","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, a significant activation of water erosion was detected in the Priol’khonie (Lake Baikal). The comparison of satellite and aerial images of 1982–1986 and 2016 years shows that the length and density of the dirt road network have increased by 12.8 times during the period of 35 years. Recreational development, unsystematic laying, and exploitation of dirt roads led to the significant increase of linear erosion and the formation of numerous erosion forms. Linear erosion develops in most cases along roads laid along the thalwegs of the ravine network. Weak substrate and sparse vegetation (sparseness is aggravated by intensive grazing) predetermine rapid development of water erosion. Thus, in most cases, the increase of the erosion network is caused by anthropogenic impact. The development of forms of linear erosion leads to the disturbance of the integrity of modern landscapes of the Olkhon region, which significantly reduces their stability and recreational potential.","PeriodicalId":35940,"journal":{"name":"Geomorfologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42605257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The main regularities of the ratio between riverbed and basin components of erosion and suspended sediment yield in river basins of the USA","authors":"A. Gusarov, Андрей Владимирович Гусаров, L. F. Maksyutova, Л Ф Максютова","doi":"10.31857/S0435-4281201913-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435-4281201913-24","url":null,"abstract":"Suspended sediment yield is one of the objective and sufficiently accurate measures of erosion intensity in river basins. In first approximation, it can be divided into the riverbed component –r(rb), the products of vertical and horizontal riverbed deformations), and basin component – r(bas), the products of soil and gully erosion. An attempt was made to distinguish this erosion structure in the USA river basins based on the partition of suspended sediments of 224 rivers (based on the data from the US Geological Service on the average monthly water discharges and suspended sediment yields) according to the method proposed by one of the authors of the paper, as well as an assessment of its factor dependence. \u0000The average r(rb) value for the analyzed rivers of the USA is 7.9±1.1%: for lowland rivers – 10.6±1.7%, for low-mountain (including uplands) rivers – 5.7±1.5%, for mid-mountain rivers – 4.3±1.5%. The geomorphic factor, landscape and climatic conditions within the river basins have a major impact on the suspended sediments flux ratio r(rb)/r(bas). Thus, in the USA plains, the largest average r(rb) portion is in the forest landscapes (taiga, mixed and broadleaf forests of the temperate zone, subtropical forests) – 10–15%. On the contrary, in the arid landscapes (semi-deserts) this value does not exceed 1%. Within these general trends, there are quite strong variations in the r(rb)/r(bas) ratios due to the changes in high river basin areas, agricultural activities and lithologic composition of the riverbed and floodplain sediments. There is an inverse hyperbolic relationship between the actual suspended sediment yield of rivers and the riverbed sediment portion (r(rb)), which is most manifested in the plains and low-mountains of the USA. It is also shown that a composition of the river basin parent (surficial) rocks does not play a significant role in the variability of the r(rb)/r(bas) at this scale of the study. A comparison of the r(rb)/r(bas)-estimates and their factor dependence on the US rivers with the rivers of Northern Eurasia (the territory of the former Soviet Union) makes it possible to reveal good convergence of the results obtained in these parts of the Earth, and to suggest the universal nature of the revealed regularities (in total for 684 river basins) for the whole temperate (partly for subtropical and tropical) zone of the Northern hemisphere of our planet.","PeriodicalId":35940,"journal":{"name":"Geomorfologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45687993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first steps in the earth aerospace remote sensing in the Institute of Geography RAS","authors":"D. Asoyan","doi":"10.31857/S0435-428120191103-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435-428120191103-108","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty years ago, in the autumn of 1968, experiments on interpretation of the first Soviet global space image made by ‘Zond-5’ automatic spacecraft and of American space images from Gemini III, IV, V piloted spacecrafts were carried out for the first time in the USSR. The aim of these experiments was the study of possibilities to use satellite images in geomorphology and geography. \u0000The first results demonstrated high value of space images for geomorphological research for the studies of morphostructures and morphosculptures of various genesis, the discovery of a 2500 km long lineament in Sahara; real time-related transitive borders of latitudinal landscape zones in Africa were indicated for the first time. It was suggested that satellite images could be applied for the studies of various geological structures, seismicity, volcanic activity, global and regional zones of jointing as well as for thematic mapping. Thanks to these studies a new Department of Satellite-related Geography was established at the Institute of Geography of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Later on, studies were carried out at the Institute’s Department of Satellite-related Geography in order to find application possibilities of TV multispectral scanned and photographic satellite images for thematic research and mapping. The first conclusions were confirmed in the course of further studies in the field of aerospace remote sensing in Russia and abroad; their results were summarized in two fundamental atlases published under the auspices of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IGRAS): “Resources and Environment World Atlas” (1998) and “World Atlas of Snow and Ice Resources” (1997). Up to date, methods of aerospace remote sensing continue to be applied successfully at IGRAS for geomorphological studies and for resolving of environmental problems in physical and human geography.","PeriodicalId":35940,"journal":{"name":"Geomorfologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49065869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}