{"title":"Understanding Accessibility as a Process through the Analysis of Feedback from Disabled Students","authors":"Tim Coughlan, T. Ullmann, K. Lister","doi":"10.1145/3058555.3058561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3058555.3058561","url":null,"abstract":"Accessibility cannot be fully achieved through adherence to technical guidelines, and must include processes that take account of the diverse contexts and needs of individuals. A complex yet important aspect of this is to understand and utilise feedback from disabled users of systems and services. Open comment feedback can complement other practices in providing rich data from user perspectives, but this presents challenges for analysis at scale. In this paper, we analyse a large dataset of open comment feedback from disabled students on their online and distance learning experience, and we explore opportunities and challenges in the analysis of this data. This includes the automated and manual analysis of content and themes, and the integration of information about the respondent alongside their feedback. Our analysis suggests that procedural themes, such as changes to the individual over time, and their experiences of interpersonal interactions, provide key examples of areas where feedback can lead to insight for the improvement of accessibility. Reflecting on this analysis in the context of our institution, we provide recommendations on the analysis of feedback data, and how feedback can be better embedded into organisational processes.","PeriodicalId":359181,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Web for All Conference on The Future of Accessible Work","volume":"278 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122835842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Web Standards to Enable an Accessible and Inclusive Internet of Things (IoT)","authors":"Shadi Abou-Zahra, Judy Brewer, Michael Cooper","doi":"10.1145/3058555.3058568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3058555.3058568","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to have an unprecedented impact on our daily lives. In particular, \"smart environments\" will change how we interact with our surrounding and with each other, including at home, in public spaces, and at the work place. This provides an opportunity to ensure equal access for people with disabilities. For example, operating doors, windows, and physical objects through voice makes such environments more accessible to people with physical disabilities and inclusive to many more. Yet there are still many challenges to address, without which the Internet of Things (IoT) threatens to be more of a disabler than an enabler. In particular, the current lack of interoperability makes it hard for assistive technologies to easily tap into IoT systems. Web standards could extend the open web platform to resolve many of these issues, much as it did on the traditional internet. This Web of Things (WoT) provides a robust application layer for innovation to thrive on the underlying Internet of Things (IoT). This paper outlines the relevance of IoT for people with disabilities and the specific challenges it currently poses. It then discusses how the Web of Things (WoT) could help address these challenges, and highlights research questions that still need to be tackled.","PeriodicalId":359181,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Web for All Conference on The Future of Accessible Work","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124235980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Considerations for Implementing a Holistic Organisational Approach to Accessibility","authors":"C. Bailey, V. Gkatzidou","doi":"10.1145/3058555.3058571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3058555.3058571","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving accessibility and inclusivity within an organisation requires true commitment and consideration of many factors including the various digital and physical touchpoints for specific customer needs. This paper proposes a human-centred model of accessibility that complements existing standards and assists organisations in considering the full range of their user's technical, operational and psychological requirements. An outline practice-based accessibility maturity model is proposed with which organisations can establish current commitment to accessibility and develop a road-map to implement true inclusivity. We also describe a case study which highlights how this model of accessibility can be adapted from an organisational perspective to define specific accessibility requirements for individual products and services.","PeriodicalId":359181,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Web for All Conference on The Future of Accessible Work","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114230875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Producing Accessible Statistics Diagrams in R","authors":"Donal Fitzpatrick, A. R. Godfrey, V. Sorge","doi":"10.1145/3058555.3058564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3058555.3058564","url":null,"abstract":"Blind people are at risk of being left behind in the information age if efforts are not made to improve the access to information that is not traditionally conveyed in text, whether that text be accessed in braille, audio, or a computer's screen reading software. Most graphics summarise a scene or some aspect of data that the author hopes will inform their audience; good statistical graphics are commonly used to great effect for the sighted world, but are practically useless to a blind audience. Our work aims to provide an accessible way for blind users to easily, efficiently, and most importantly accurately, explore and query the data contained in diagrams such as bar charts, box plots, time series, and many more. We employ the statistical software environment R to compute rich semantics for these diagrams and make them web accessible by supporting screen reading and interactive exploration.","PeriodicalId":359181,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Web for All Conference on The Future of Accessible Work","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121614192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Horacio Saggion, Daniel Ferrés, L. Sevens, Ineke Schuurman, Marta Ripollés, Olga Rodríguez
{"title":"Able to Read My Mail: An Accessible e-Mail Client with Assistive Technology","authors":"Horacio Saggion, Daniel Ferrés, L. Sevens, Ineke Schuurman, Marta Ripollés, Olga Rodríguez","doi":"10.1145/3058555.3058567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3058555.3058567","url":null,"abstract":"The Able to Include project aims at improving the living conditions of people with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) in key areas of society. One of its focus points concerns improving the integration of people with IDD in the workplace by introducing accessible Web-based tools. This paper describes one of the tools developed as result of the project: an e-mail client with text simplification and other assistive technologies which makes information transmitted over the Internet more understandable to people with IDD therefore facilitating their labor integration. The accessible Web e-mail client has been developed following a User-Centered Design and tested with people with IDD. The results so far are encouraging.","PeriodicalId":359181,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Web for All Conference on The Future of Accessible Work","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127848500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manolis Vasileiadis, Nikolaos Kaklanis, K. Votis, D. Tzovaras
{"title":"Extraction of Tabular Data from Document Images","authors":"Manolis Vasileiadis, Nikolaos Kaklanis, K. Votis, D. Tzovaras","doi":"10.1145/3058555.3058581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3058555.3058581","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a heuristics-based method for automatic detection and extraction of tabular data from document images. The proposed approach utilizes page segmentation techniques, along with an OCR engine, in order to acquire the text data and bounding boxes of each word in the document. These elements are then grouped in a bottom-up fashion, based on a series of rules, in order to identify and reconstruct tabular arrangements of data. Based on this methodology, an open source cross-platform tool capable of recognizing the semantic structure of documents containing tabular data has been implemented, thus widening the range of document types than can be successfully converted into alternative accessible formats, suitable for users with visual impairments.","PeriodicalId":359181,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Web for All Conference on The Future of Accessible Work","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123907329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Pérez, J. Pérez, Myriam Arrue, Masatomo Kobayashi, Hironobu Takagi, C. Asakawa
{"title":"Assessment of Semantic Taxonomies for Blind Indoor Navigation Based on a Shopping Center Use Case","authors":"J. Pérez, J. Pérez, Myriam Arrue, Masatomo Kobayashi, Hironobu Takagi, C. Asakawa","doi":"10.1145/3058555.3058575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3058555.3058575","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the growing availability of location-based services (LBS) to support pedestrian activities, we know little about the effectiveness of existing geographical web information to assist the indoor navigation of people with special needs such as the visually impaired. To characterize these indoor environments, we surveyed three different specifications about taxonomies for environmental semantic information. Survey results show that even having different scopes, the three studied specifications share considerable environmental semantic information. In order to evaluate the validity of survey results, we created a set of environmental semantic information for a shopping center, and then performed a navigation experiment with 9 visually impaired participants in the same indoor location. A smartphone-based system providing audio navigation assistance based on accurate real-time localization in the shopping center was used to complete navigational tasks. Experiment results show an overall positive assessment from participants about the usefulness of the audio messages used. We present further findings about the assessment of the different audio messages by the study participants.","PeriodicalId":359181,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Web for All Conference on The Future of Accessible Work","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125943599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saiganesh Swaminathan, Kotaro Hara, Jeffrey P. Bigham
{"title":"The Crowd Work Accessibility Problem","authors":"Saiganesh Swaminathan, Kotaro Hara, Jeffrey P. Bigham","doi":"10.1145/3058555.3058569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3058555.3058569","url":null,"abstract":"Crowd work is an increasingly prevalent and important kind of work. Because of its flexible nature, crowd work may offer benefits for people with disabilities. Unfortunately, people with disabilities currently lack access to much of this work because the tasks that are posted are often inaccessible. In this paper, we first characterize the accessibility of the tasks posted to a popular crowd marketplace, Amazon Mechanical Turk, by performing manual and automatic checks on 120 tasks from several common types. We then outline research directions that could have positive impact on this problem. Given ongoing and upcoming changes to the world economy and technological progress, we believe it is important to find a way to make sure people with disabilities are able to equally participate in this kind of work.","PeriodicalId":359181,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Web for All Conference on The Future of Accessible Work","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129253232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cole Gleason, D. Ahmetovic, C. Toxtli, Saiph Savage, Jeffrey P. Bigham, C. Asakawa
{"title":"LuzDeploy: A Collective Action System for Installing Navigation Infrastructure for Blind People","authors":"Cole Gleason, D. Ahmetovic, C. Toxtli, Saiph Savage, Jeffrey P. Bigham, C. Asakawa","doi":"10.1145/3058555.3058585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3058555.3058585","url":null,"abstract":"Providing navigation assistance to people with visual impairments often requires augmenting the environment with after-market technology. However, installing navigation infrastructure in large environments requires a critical mass of trained personnel. Recruiting, training and managing participants for such a task is difficult. LuzDeploy is a computational method to recruit, instruct and orchestrate volunteers to perform physical crowdsourcing tasks. We use LuzDeploy to orchestrate volunteers to install physical infrastructure for the navigation assistance of people with visual impairments. Our system provides on-the-go enrollment so that volunteers can participate to the collective action whenever they have time, coming and leaving as needed. Providing automated instructions also allows to avoid instructing participants directly, so experts do not need to be available on-site.","PeriodicalId":359181,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Web for All Conference on The Future of Accessible Work","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121522152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Grussenmeyer, Jesel Garcia, Eelke Folmer, Fang Jiang
{"title":"Evaluating the Accessibility of the Job Search and Interview Process for People who are Blind and Visually Impaired","authors":"William Grussenmeyer, Jesel Garcia, Eelke Folmer, Fang Jiang","doi":"10.1145/3058555.3058570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3058555.3058570","url":null,"abstract":"There is a 70% unemployment rate for people who are blind and visually impaired in the United States. In order to discover if the accessibility of the job search and interview process plays a role in the unemployment of this population, we interviewed people who are blind and visually impaired about their recent experiences regarding the job search and interview process. We discovered that there are many accessibility issues that can impact success in obtaining a job, including the inaccessibility of job applications, pre- and post-interview tests, and accommodations during the interview. We also found that often the employee onboarding, the process which helps new hires acclimate to a new environment, can be inaccessible to people with visual impairments. Based on these interviews, we developed new guidelines for employers.","PeriodicalId":359181,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Web for All Conference on The Future of Accessible Work","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116615665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}