OCEANS '87Pub Date : 1988-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160827
C. Liou, Chih-Chi Chang
{"title":"The Determination of Modal Damping Ratios and Natural Frequencies from Bispectrum Modeling","authors":"C. Liou, Chih-Chi Chang","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160827","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new signal processing and testing technique by using higher statistical moment, the bispectrum, to determine the damping ratio and natural frequency of offshore structures excited by both unexpected Gaussian forces and known non-Gaussian driving forces. Due to the unexpected exciting forces, such as the turbulence, in the ocean environment, the transfer functions of the offshore structures are hardly determined through operating a known driving force and measuring its response. In order to overcome this problem, some of the existing techniques try to model the unexpected forces as white Gaussian forces or almost white Gaussian forces and determine the modal parameters from the response only. Some others are trying to average the input and output in certain effective way to suppress unexpected parts. Our method uses third order moment so as to keep the influence of the unexpected Gaussian forces away from the determination of the transfer function of the structure which has linear properties. We model the third order moment property of the response function with a bispectral model. And the modal parameters can be calculated from the estimated model's coefficients. Our method was proved by a considerable amount of simulations.","PeriodicalId":359017,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '87","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122528086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OCEANS '87Pub Date : 1988-07-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160852
K. Hill, D. Woods
{"title":"The Dynamic Response of the Two-Electrode Conductivity Cell","authors":"K. Hill, D. Woods","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160852","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic response of the two-electrode conductivity cell has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The paper discusses such questions as the effective measuring volume of the cell, the nature of the theoretical dynamic response function, construction details which affect the cell constant, and the experimental technique for determining the dynamic response function. Experimental measurements are presented and compared with the theoretical predictions for probe response.","PeriodicalId":359017,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '87","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122820358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OCEANS '87Pub Date : 1988-07-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160878
R. Bessette, D. F. Harwood, E. Brainard
{"title":"Performance Characteristics and Calibration of the ENDECO Pulsed Dissolved Oxygen Type 1125 System","authors":"R. Bessette, D. F. Harwood, E. Brainard","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160878","url":null,"abstract":"The initial response pattern for a conventional two electrode, membrane type dissolved oxygen probe connected to an Endeco Model 1125 dissolved oxygen sensor controller is presented. The controller implements a chronoamperometric technique and involves application of the polarizing potential as a pulse. The pulse duration confines the diffusion boundary within the internal electrolyte and the membrane. The time required for readout stabilization is attributed to the establishment of an equilibrium involving diffusion of reactant and product of the electrochemical reaction. A procedure for minimizing the role of membrane stretch in establishing the equilibration time is presented. Data obtained on changing the pulse repetition interval are presented in support of the establishment of an equilibrium condition. Sensor response over a 32 day period is discussed. Calibration curve data demonstrate the linearity of response with varying oxygen concentrations. Response time data indicate attainment of better than 99% of full deflection within three minutes of a change in oxygen concentration.","PeriodicalId":359017,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '87","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128495976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OCEANS '87Pub Date : 1988-01-30DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160784
M. Nayak
{"title":"On the Technological Requirements of Marine Education","authors":"M. Nayak","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160784","url":null,"abstract":"An urgent need is felt to promote larger student involvement and provide adequate encouragement/equipment in marine educational programmes throughout the world. The paper underlines in a phased manner the systematic analysis required in marine education. Analytical approaches are proposed incorporating the experience gained by oceanographic operations using modern marine technology. On the job training, academic preparation and curriculam development have been highlighted.","PeriodicalId":359017,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '87","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134227799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OCEANS '87Pub Date : 1987-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160642
C. Dooley, P. Kenis
{"title":"Response of Bioluminescent Bacteria to Alkyltin Compounds","authors":"C. Dooley, P. Kenis","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160642","url":null,"abstract":"The reduction of light intensity in bioluminescent bacteria upon exposure to toxic substances can be used for rapid screening of materials. Results are often comparable to more expensive standard bioassays. A commercially available system was used to determine the relative response of bioluminescent bacteria to a number of alkyltin compounds:R_{4}Sn,R_{3}SnX,R_{2}SnX_{2}, andRSnX_{3}, whereR= alkyl group andX= halide. Within a series of compounds differing only in the number of R groups attached to the central tin atom, the most toxic compound was always the trialkyltin compound. The greatest difference in toxicity was found in the butyltin series of compounds; tributyltin wassim35times more toxic than dibutyltin andsim750times more toxic than (mono)butyltin. When trialkyltin compounds were compared, the toxicity to these bacteria increased with the number of carbons in the alkyl chain; the tributyltin compounds aresim150times more toxic than trimethyltin compounds.","PeriodicalId":359017,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '87","volume":"18 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125498822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OCEANS '87Pub Date : 1987-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160570
C. Gerba, S. Goyal
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Enteric Virus Disease Transmission by Shellfish Consumption","authors":"C. Gerba, S. Goyal","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160570","url":null,"abstract":"Densely populated coastal regions of the world generate large quantities of domestic sewage and sludge which is often disposed into the marine environment. Present in these wastes are human pathogenic viruses which are capable of surviving for prolonged periods of time in the marine environment and transmitting disease to humans. Hepatitis A virus and Norwalk virus outbreaks associated with shellfish consumption continue to occur in the United States. Three separate epidemiological studies have also shown an epidemiological association between shellfish consumption and increased risk of hepatitis A infection in consumers. An epidemiological association between non-A and non-B hepatitis has also been demonstrated. A review of the risks of infection, clinical illness and mortality associated with enteroviruses suggest that the present of these viruses in shellfish presents a significant risk to the consumer.","PeriodicalId":359017,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '87","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122933514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OCEANS '87Pub Date : 1987-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160641
M. Salazar, S. Salazar
{"title":"Tributyltin Effects on Juvenile Mussel Growth","authors":"M. Salazar, S. Salazar","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160641","url":null,"abstract":"Juvenile mussels (Mytilus edulis <20 mm) were exposed to three concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) in two site-specific, flow-through bioassays with unfiltered seawater. Mean TBT concentrations were 70, 80 and 200 ng/l in Test I (196 days) and 40, 50 and 160 ng/l in Test II (56 days). Treatments did not significantly affect juvenile mussel growth during the first 56 days of exposure in either test. After 63 days, all treatments significantly reduced growth in Test I. No significant mortalities occurred at any TBT concentration in either test. Increases in weights and lengths of Tank Control animals in Test II were much greater than during the first 56 days of Test I. Further, weight increases in the Pier Control were almost four times greater than in the Tank Controls during Test II. These data suggest that test animals were probably under significant stress induced by the Sioassay test system. The data also suggest that the effects of TBT on juvenile mussel growth may have been overestimated in this and other studies.","PeriodicalId":359017,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '87","volume":"7 39","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120935611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OCEANS '87Pub Date : 1987-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160884
K. Louden, N. Hamilton, G. Leger
{"title":"A Digital Ocean Bottom Seismometer with Event Detection","authors":"K. Louden, N. Hamilton, G. Leger","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160884","url":null,"abstract":"A microprocessor controlled Digital Ocean Bottom dynamic range, and playback are outlined and comSeismometer (OBS) for use in refraction and earthpared to analogue systems. Mechanical and envirquake studies is described. Improvements over omental considerations including the effects of past analogue systems are discussed with special temperature and pressure in the packaging for use reference to the Bedford Institute of Oceanography in full ocean depths will be presented. Recent analogue OBS. Data acquisition specifications field tests of the instrument will be described. such as seismic event detection algorithms, sampling rate, signal to noise ratio, bandwidth, and","PeriodicalId":359017,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '87","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122211010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OCEANS '87Pub Date : 1987-07-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160913
B. Trenholm, J. Theriault
{"title":"Resolution of Azimuthal and Vertical Arrival Angles at a Rotatable Horizontal Line Array","authors":"B. Trenholm, J. Theriault","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160913","url":null,"abstract":"A Horizontal Line Array (HLA) receiver is subject to left-right bearing ambiguity. It is also susceptible to bearing bias caused by non-zero vertical arrival angles. The true bearing angle and the vertical arrival angle may both be estimated if a second observation is made, with the HLA rotated to a new heading. A closed-form solution is presented for the case of stationary source and receiver. For small observation errors, the resulting errors in the estimated angles can also be expressed in closed form.","PeriodicalId":359017,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '87","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126993738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}