Singapore Dental Journal最新文献

{"title":"Gingival crevicular fluid levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in periodontal health and disease","authors":"Ravi P. Popat,&nbsp;Neeta V. Bhavsar,&nbsp;Parita R. Popat","doi":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are directly responsible for pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and their activity is regulated by Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs). This study was aimed to evaluate changes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in periodontal health and disease.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and method</h3><p>Clinical parameters were recorded and GCF samples were collected from 30 subjects with chronic generalised periodontitis and 20 periodontally healthy subjects. Subjects with periodontitis underwent scaling and root planing (SRP). GCF samples were collected and clinical parameters were recorded again after 1 month of SRP. GCF levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were detected by ELISA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>GCF levels of MMP-1 were significantly increased in subjects with periodontitis at baseline (P0) as compared to periodontally healthy subjects (C). GCF levels of MMP-1 reduced significantly in subjects with periodontitis after treatment (P1) as compared to P0. GCF levels of TIMP-1 were significantly reduced in P0 as compared to C. GCF levels of TIMP-1 increased significantly in P1 as compared to P0.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Substantial elevation in GCF levels of MMP-1 and reduction in TIMP-1 were found in periodontitis as compared to healthy subjects. GCF levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 improved significantly after treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35891,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Dental Journal","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sdj.2014.07.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32898827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid fabrication of silicone orbital prosthesis using conventional methods","authors":"Binit Shrestha,&nbsp;Reiyal Goveas,&nbsp;Sita Thaworanunta","doi":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Restoration of orbital defects with silicone prosthesis has been a well-documented and accepted treatment option. Adhesive retained prosthesis offer the patients with adequate retention and treatment satisfaction. However, marginal breakdown and discoloration are common problems associated with these prostheses, necessitating their refabrication. Fabrication of a silicone orbital prosthesis is time consuming and requires multiple clinical and laboratory procedures. This technical article describes simple and cost effective steps for rapid fabrication of a silicone prosthesis using conventional methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35891,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Dental Journal","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 83-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sdj.2014.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32900370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter from the Editor","authors":"Sum Chee Peng (Editor)","doi":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35891,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Dental Journal","volume":"35 ","pages":"Page 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sdj.2014.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32897987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical issues in occlusion – Part I","authors":"Aws Alani,&nbsp;Mahul Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Good occlusal practise provides an important cornerstone to optimal patient care. Occlusal problems can manifest in different areas of dentistry but these are more apparent when there are restorative aspects to the patient׳s problem. This review highlights areas of restorative dentistry where the appreciation of occlusal aspects can optimise diagnosis and follow up care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35891,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Dental Journal","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sdj.2014.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32897989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral health status and complete denture status of independent-living Singaporean elderly residing in a community home","authors":"Tan Mei Na ,&nbsp;Rahul Nair ,&nbsp;Joanna Ngo Di Ying ,&nbsp;Robert Yee","doi":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Past studies have examined the oral health status of elderly Singaporean adults residing in long term care facilities and living in residential housing but no oral health research has been conducted on elderly Singaporeans residing in community homes. The aim of this paper is to report on the oral health status and complete denture status of a group of free living (community dwelling) elderly in Singapore from the AWWA Community Home for Senior Citizens, and investigate the relation between the clinical findings and demographic data.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This research used a cross-sectional design and was conducted in the month of December 2011. Consenting residents of the AWWA home who were over the age of 60 participated in this study. Sampling strategy was census. Two calibrated interviewers collected demographic information from the participants and four calibrated dentists conducted extra-oral and intra-oral soft tissue examinations along with assessment of dentition, periodontal and denture status.</p></div><div><h3>Statistical analysis</h3><p>All data were input into Microsoft Excel 2010^™ and analysed in SPSS 21.0^™. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis were performed on the demographic factors and other variables of interest. The Spearman׳s test, Mann–Whitney <em>U</em> and Chi-Square test were used to examine the correlation between the clinical findings and age, gender and education level respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 70 participants, two subjects (2.9%) had complete dentition, 34 (48.6%) were partially dentate, and 34 (48.6%) had no teeth. The mean number of teeth among the partially dentate participants was 11.28 while the mean number of anterior, posterior and total occlusal contacts were 1.61, 2.17 and 3.78 respectively. The mean number of decayed teeth (DT) and filled teeth (FT) were 2.81 and 0.25, giving a mean DFT score of 3.06. The mean Root Caries Index was 0.13. Periodontal examination revealed that only 5 (13.9%) individuals had healthy periodontal tissues, while 2 (5.6%) had the highest score of 1, 9 (25.0%) had the highest score of 2, 11 (30.6%) had the highest score of 3 and 7 (19.4%) had the highest score of 4. Amongst the partially dentate, 14 had dentures and 20 had none. There were 34 edentulous participants and 23 had at least one denture while 11 did not have any complete dentures. The most frequent unsatisfactory finding for complete dentures was inadequate retention of the mandibular dentures. When the dentures were grouped into those that were satisfactory and those that had at least one unsatisfactory factor, 11 of the 26 maxillary dentures and 17 of the 23 mandibular dentures fell to the latter category. Analysis revealed that there was a correlation between age and the number of teeth with a correlation coefficient of −0.43 (<em>p</em>=0.01) and age with the mean DFT, −0.33 (<em>p</em>=0.05).</p></div><div><h3>C","PeriodicalId":35891,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Dental Journal","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sdj.2014.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32897991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors contributing to tooth loss among the elderly: A cross sectional study","authors":"Zuhair S. Natto ,&nbsp;Majdi Aladmawy ,&nbsp;Mohammed Alasqah ,&nbsp;Athena Papas","doi":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The present study evaluates the influence of several demographic, health, personal, and clinical factors on the number of missing teeth in old age sample.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The number of patients included was 259; they received a full mouth examination and answered a questionnaire provided by one examiner. All the variables related to teeth loss based on the literature were included. These variables focused on age, gender, race, marital status, clinical attachment level, pocket depth, year of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, number of medications, root decay, coronal decay, health status, and year of education. Statistical analysis involved stepwise multivariate linear regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Teeth loss was statistically associated with clinical attachment level (CAL)(<em>p</em> value 0.0001), pocket depth (PD) (0.0007) and education level (0.0048). When smoking was included in the model, age was significantly associated with teeth loss (0.0037). At least one of these four factors was also related to teeth loss in several specific groups such as diabetes mellitus, male, and White. The multiple linear regressions for all the proposed variables showed that they contributed to teeth loss by about 23%.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>It can be concluded that less education or increased clinical attachment level loss may increase number of missing teeth. Additionally, age may cause teeth loss in the presence of smoking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35891,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Dental Journal","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sdj.2014.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32897992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of oral pigmentations and malignant transformations","authors":"Bassel Tarakji ,&nbsp;Ayeisha Umair ,&nbsp;Durga Prasad ,&nbsp;Mohammed Alsakran Altamimi","doi":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Oral pigmentation is a common finding in the mouth. Pigmentation can be either normal or abnormal discoloration of oral mucous membrane. The purpose of this review mainly focuses on the main oral pigmented lesions, in order to help the clinicians establish a better approach towards the patients with pigmented oral lesions and to provide thorough knowledge regarding such lesions for patient reassurance, early definitive diagnosis and prompt treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Relevant data concerning oral pigmented lesions, clinical features and the possibility of malignant transformation of such lesions were reviewed thoroughly from pubmed literature published in English. Pigmented lesions affecting the skin were not included in our review.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Few pigmented lesions have been identified and their tendency to become malignant has been reported in the literature. The oral lesions showing malignant transformation reported were mostly case series. Unfortunately, due to lack of long-term studies, follow ups and randomized controlled studies in this respect it was difficult to draw a statistical analysis. This information is quite crucial for general dental practitioners to improve their understanding regarding oral lesions and to differentiate between normal and diseased conditions, so that they can master the skill of differential diagnosis, definitive diagnosis and prompt treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Oral pigmentation may present as focal, multifocal or diffused macular or tumefactive lesions. They may greatly vary in color as blue, purple, brown, gray or black depending on the quantity and site of melanin in the tissues <span>[1]</span>. Etiology of pigmentation can be multi factorial. Mostly pigmentation is physiologic but at times it can be a precursor of severe diseases.</p><p>Lesions may be caused by localized harmless accumulations of melanin, hemosiderin or exogenous metals or they may be a sign of underlying systemic or genetic disease. A few lesions may be associated with life-threatening medical conditions that require immediate intervention. The differential diagnosis for any pigmented lesion is extensive, as it includes examples of endogenous and exogenous pigmentations. Although biopsy is a helpful and necessary aid in the diagnosis of focally pigmented lesions, with diffuse pigmentation lesions require a thorough dental and medical history and laboratory investigations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35891,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Dental Journal","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sdj.2014.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32897990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications associated with the occurrence and treatment of impacted maxillary canines","authors":"Anand K. Sajnani ,&nbsp;Nigel M. King","doi":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the complications associated with the occurrence and treatment of impacted maxillary canines.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective study was conducted on 533 Southern Chinese children and adolescents who attended the Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Clinics and had at least one impacted maxillary canine. The study material included all the documentation files and radiographs of these patients. Complications that had been recorded in the clinical and surgical notes and that could be diagnosed from the available radiographs were noted. The data obtained were descriptively analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The most frequently reported phenomenon associated with the occurrence of impacted maxillary canine (prior to surgical treatment) was root resorption of an adjacent permanent tooth in 22 (4.1%) patients. The most frequently reported sequelae observed after any surgical procedure was swelling of the soft tissues around the operation site which often persisted for 48<!--> <!-->h as seen in 76 (18.8%) patients. Complications reported most commonly after any form of surgery included post-operative bleeding: 7(1.7%), hematoma: 7(1.7%), post-operative pain: 6(1.5%) and purulent discharge: 6(1.5%), post-operative complications in relation to surgical exposure and bonding of an attachment which included breakage of ligature wire: 5.7%; de-bonding of the attachment: 4.3% and inability to bond the attachment during surgery: 1.4% occurred rarely.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The frequency of root resorption of teeth adjacent to an impacted maxillary canine was low. Swelling of the soft tissue 48<!--> <!-->h post-operatively was the most commonly occurring complication after surgical intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35891,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Dental Journal","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sdj.2014.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32900364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ageing population poses dental challenges","authors":"William Murray Thomson,&nbsp;Sunyoung Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdj.2014.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this narrative review paper, we summarise what is known about the oral health of older people, with a specific focus on the most common oral conditions in that age group. After that, the implications for older people׳s oral care are considered, along with ways of developing and maintaining a gerodontologically capable and responsive workforce and oral care delivery system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35891,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Dental Journal","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sdj.2014.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32897986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete denture copy technique—A practical application","authors":"Steven Soo ,&nbsp;Ansgar C. Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.sdj.2013.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdj.2013.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The copy denture technique is a misnomer for the clinical and laboratory procedures involved in making complete dentures that replicate most of the features of the original prosthesis. The aim is to replicate the good features of an otherwise successful prosthesis that now requires replacement and to alter the poor features and so it is strictly speaking not a copy. There are many purported advantages to this technique which include reduced treatment time, increased patient acceptance especially for the elderly who may not adapt so well to a new prosthesis, maintenance of tooth position and vertical dimension. A typical case is presented illustrating the clinical stages involved with a discussion of the merits of this technique.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35891,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Dental Journal","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sdj.2013.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32900366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}