Frontiers in Mammal Science最新文献

{"title":"Pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata attenuata) abundance estimates in Maui Nui, Hawaiʻi reveal small population in need of monitoring","authors":"S. Barber-Meyer, Grace L. Olson, J. Currie","doi":"10.3389/fmamm.2024.1412415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmamm.2024.1412415","url":null,"abstract":"Recent minimum population estimates are critical for effective marine mammal conservation, yet such estimates are often lacking at the stock or management level. Throughout the Main Hawaiian Islands, pantropical spotted dolphins (PSD; Stenella attenuata attenuata) are comprised of a pelagic and three island-associated stocks (O‘ahu, 4-Islands, and Hawai‘i Island). The insular stocks, in particular, face multiple anthropogenic and natural threats such as vessel impacts, fisheries interactions, marine debris, climate change, and disease. Prior to this study, no abundance estimates of the 4-Islands (i.e., the Maui Nui region) PSD stock existed that were suitable for management use and inclusion in stock assessment report calculations.We generated annual mark-recapture abundance estimates of naturally marked adults in a POPAN-framework using photo-identification data collected from small-boat surveys during 2014–2022 in the Maui Nui region. We extrapolated these estimates to the wider population using dorsal fin mark rates.We collected data on 62 groups of PSD, throughout all months of the year, and with an average group size of 55.70 (SD = 17.31). We analyzed encounter histories of 174 distinct individuals. Annual recapture rate averaged 1.84 (SD = 1.32) with a maximum of 7. Individuals detected per year averaged 35.67 (SD = 21.16) with a maximum of 77 in 2017. Overall mark rate was 0.495 (SE = 0.010), resulting in total annual abundance estimates that averaged 154.87 (SE = 14.25) and ranged from 105 (SE = 13) in 2014 to 232 (SE = 31) in 2017. Although abundance estimates fluctuated, generally 250 animals or less used the study area each year and we found no overall evidence of a trend. Our benchmark results revealed a small population in need of monitoring given the numerous threats facing this stock, the uncertainty of their impacts, and the decreased resiliency and recovery potential of small populations to negative demographic and environmental stochastic events. Our findings, including documenting long-term site fidelity and year-round presence of PSD in Maui Nui, further signify this area as one of future research and conservation importance.","PeriodicalId":358711,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Mammal Science","volume":"56 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical and physiological characteristics of claustrum neurons in primates and rodents","authors":"Melissa H. Y. Chong, R. Gămănuţ","doi":"10.3389/fmamm.2024.1309665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmamm.2024.1309665","url":null,"abstract":"The claustrum, a structure having extensive connectivity with the rest of the brain and being involved in many high-cognitive processes, is still one of the least understood parts of the mammalian nervous system. Accelerated advancement of genetic tools for rodents in the last decade have resulted in many breakthroughs about its interaction with cortical and subcortical regions, while human/primate studies have been invaluable in revealing its effects on conscious behaviour. However, these findings did not elucidate conclusively the principles of its internal dynamics, which would clarify its function within the brain network. The first step in this direction is to know the characteristics of major types of neurons in the claustrum. In this review, we are looking at the data allowing a comparison between the main neuronal types of the claustrum in primates and rodents, with the aim of showing the extent of known commonalities and differences, and highlighting the research gap between the two orders. The results indicate that in both there is a ratio excitatory/inhibitory neurons higher than in the cortex, but with a lower baseline activity of the excitatory neurons due to the higher inhibition. The local excitation in the claustrum is provided by collaterals of neurons projecting to the cortex. Secondary neuronal markers such as Calcium binding proteins and somatostatin tend to be expressed differently in the claustrum of primates than in that of rodents, specifically in more classes of neurons and across a larger area. The spatial distribution of neuropeptide Y might be a conserved motif across the two orders. The work in rodents has an undisputable advance in the study of electrical properties for each class of claustrum neurons. However, for a deep understanding of the claustrum function in the human brain, primate studies remain indispensable.","PeriodicalId":358711,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Mammal Science","volume":"59 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerometry reveals nocturnal biphasic sleep behavior in wild giraffe","authors":"Anna Lena Burger-Schulz, Eric Thiel, Julian Fennessy, Stephanie Fennessy, P. Dierkes","doi":"10.3389/fmamm.2023.1243883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmamm.2023.1243883","url":null,"abstract":"Most research on mammalian resting and sleep behavior is conducted under controlled laboratory or zoo settings, with limited studies taking place in their natural habitats. To analyze these behaviors within a natural setting, actigraphy has been identified as a valuable method. This study sought to, firstly, measure inactivity and sleep in free-roaming Angolan giraffe (Giraffa giraffa angolensis) and, secondly, present their nocturnal behavioral rhythmicity. Three giraffe were fitted with an accelerometer-GPS device attached to an ossicone in November 2018 and behavioral data were collected daily between December 2018 and April 2019 to record their cranial movement. As giraffe show behavior specific head movements, sleep events could be detected as well as active and inactive behavior patterns. In this study, we analyzed how long giraffe were inactive during the night, how many sleep events they showed and for how long they were in the sleep position during the night. Giraffe were inactive for 490.8 ± 43.7 minutes during the night (from 19:00 to 7:00 local time), and a total of 857 sleep events were recorded with an average of 2.0 ± 1.0 events per night and total length of sleep per night averaged 8.6 ± 7.9 minutes. Further, results show a clear biphasic sleep profile during the night with peaks of inactivity and sleep events during the hours after sunset (21:00–23:00) and during the early morning hours before sunrise (3:00–5:00). We found individual differences for the number or sleep events, the total time sleeping as well as for inactivity. Interestingly, differences between months only were detected for inactivity. No differences were found for the number of sleep events nor for the total sleep time per night between months. For the first time, this study sheds light on the nocturnal sleep behavior and biphasic inactivity rhythm of giraffe in their natural habitat, providing additional support for previous findings indicating brief sleep episodes in giraffe.","PeriodicalId":358711,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Mammal Science","volume":"374 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling genetic mosaicism of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in the cerebral cortex","authors":"David M. Feliciano","doi":"10.3389/fmamm.2023.1231778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmamm.2023.1231778","url":null,"abstract":"The capacity to integrate complex sensory cues and to coordinate an adequate behavioral response often requires integration of information within the outermost part of the mammalian brain called the cerebral cortex. The laminar and columnar cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex contains neurons that establish proximal and distal connections. Genetically encoded transcription factors ensure the generation of the appropriate number, types, locations, and connections of cortical neurons. However, somatic mutations that alter cortical development provide evidence that post-transcriptional regulation is equally important. An example is that somatic mutations in regulators and substrates of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are associated with neuropsychiatric and neurological manifestations. mTOR is a protein kinase that phosphorylates substrates that control mRNA translation and anabolic processes. Numerous challenges remain in uncovering the mechanisms by which mutations in regulators and substrates of mTOR impact behavior. Here, evidence is provided that somatic mosaicism can be modeled in the developing murine cerebral cortex which may have clinical significance.","PeriodicalId":358711,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Mammal Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114743963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eastern High Arctic–Baffin Bay beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) estuary abundance and use from space","authors":"C. Watt, Cody G. Carlyle, C. Hornby, Bryanna A. H. Sherbo","doi":"10.3389/fmamm.2023.1208276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmamm.2023.1208276","url":null,"abstract":"The Eastern High Arctic–Baffin Bay (EHA-BB) beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population spends summer in estuaries around Somerset Island, Nunavut, Canada. A single abundance estimate from 1996 suggests an abundance >21,000 beluga whales; however, more information on abundance and distribution is needed to ensure effective management of this population, especially in estuaries where previous surveys provided minimal coverage. To assess the feasibility of using Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite imagery to obtain estuary abundance estimates for this beluga population, we evaluated a citizen science crowd counting initiative that was designed to monitor remote beluga whale populations and their estuary use.In July and August 2020 the WorldView 2 and 3, and GeoEye 1 satellites were tasked to collect VHR imagery (30–41 cm) of estuaries previously known to be used by Eastern High Arctic–Baffin Bay beluga whales. The objectives were to obtain an estuary abundance estimate for this population from satellite imagery, and to evaluate the effectiveness of having imagery annotated using a crowd-source platform. Almost 3,800 km2 of ocean imagery was analyzed using Maxar’s Geospatial Human Imagery Verification Effort (GeoHIVE) Crowdsourcing platform. Expert readers then manually compared counts to those performed by crowd-counters to determine variance in observer counts.The estuary abundance estimate from 11 core estuaries was 12,128 (CV 36.76%, 95% confidence interval 6,036–24,368) beluga whales. This represents an estuary abundance estimate only, as the greater Peel Sound and Prince Regent Inlet areas were not photographed. The estuaries with the largest abundance of beluga whales were Creswell Bay, Maxwell Bay, and Prince Whales Island, with over 2,000 crowd-counted whales in each estuary. Although VHR imagery has potential to assist with surveying and monitoring marine mammals, for larger estuaries it was not always possible to photograph the entire area in a single day, and cloud cover was an issue for sections of most images. This work will assist with planning large-scale aerial surveys for monitoring beluga whale populations, identifying high-use areas and important beluga habitat, and highlights the utility of using VHR imagery to enhance our understanding of estuary abundance and distribution of Arctic whales.","PeriodicalId":358711,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Mammal Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128536457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architecture of the motor and premotor cortex of the capuchin monkey","authors":"Erli G. Magalhães-Junior, A. Mayer, Márcio L. Nascimento‐Silva, Vânio Bonfim, B. Lima, R. Gattass, J. Soares","doi":"10.3389/fmamm.2023.1215424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmamm.2023.1215424","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 65 million years, primates have evolved hind- and forelimbs capable of skilled grasping (e.g., tree branches) and manipulation of tools and other objects. The New World capuchin monkey and the Old World macaque monkey stand out among other primates for their manual dexterity. The capuchin monkey is distributed throughout the Amazon and the Atlantic Forests and is the only New World monkey to have evolved an opposable thumb and to have developed the capability of using tools in the wild.The present work analyzes the cyto-, myelo- and immunoarchitecture of the motor and premotor areas of the capuchin monkey using Nissl, Gallyas and SMI-32 immunolabeling techniques.These different staining techniques allowed for the parcellation of Brodmann area 4 into the ventral (F1v), medial (F1m) and dorsal (F1d) areas. Additionally, lateral area 6 was subdivided into the dorsal (F2 and F7) and ventral (F4 and F5) areas. Area F5 was subsequently subdivided into the convexity (F5c), anterior (F5a) and posterior (F5p) areas. Medial area 6 was subdivided into F3 and F6 areas.These motor and premotor areas of the capuchin monkey are similar to those of macaque and humans, and different from those of other New World monkeys. We argue that this is due to differences in manual dexterity across New World monkeys: capuchin monkeys have evolved different types of precision grips, while most of the other New World monkeys exclusively perform whole-hand grips during object manipulation.","PeriodicalId":358711,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Mammal Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123767050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin administration is a potential tool for behavioral management in felids","authors":"Jessica C. Burkhart, Sarah R. Heilbronner, C. Packer","doi":"10.3389/fmamm.2023.1148214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmamm.2023.1148214","url":null,"abstract":"Living in a group setting is essential for the health and wellbeing of social carnivores; however, the managed formation of captive groups of territorial animals can be challenging because of the risk of aggression, injury, and even death. Numerous laboratory and clinical studies have implicated oxytocin in the formation of social bonds. Previously, we have shown that oxytocin (OT) administration reduced social vigilance in African lions. Here, we describe a series of case reports in which OT administration was used to facilitate social bonding in both familiar and unfamiliar conspecific pairs and groups of African lions and tigers, and we provide qualitative descriptions of the study animals’ behaviors before and after treatment. We hypothesized that the repeated intranasal administration of oxytocin over a period of 6–8 weeks would facilitate (1) the bonding process during introductions of unfamiliar individuals and (2) reconciliation between paired individuals that had developed ongoing negative social relationships. Following OT treatment, positive social interactions were either observed for the first time or were restored in all seven study groups.","PeriodicalId":358711,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Mammal Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131925177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a better understanding of life history strategies and the implications of habitat destruction on future mammal conservation","authors":"N. Bennett","doi":"10.3389/fmamm.2023.1182856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmamm.2023.1182856","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Bennett. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Specialty Grand Challenge PUBLISHED 05 May 2023 DOI 10.3389/fmamm.2023.1182856","PeriodicalId":358711,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Mammal Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133043185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grand challenges in mammal science","authors":"P. Manger","doi":"10.3389/fmamm.2022.1057311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmamm.2022.1057311","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2022 Manger. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Field Grand Challenge PUBLISHED 10 November 2022 DOI 10.3389/fmamm.2022.1057311","PeriodicalId":358711,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Mammal Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130879231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}