S. van Sterkenburg, E. Rietveld, F. Rieck, B. Veenhuizen, H. Bosma
{"title":"Analysis of regenerative braking efficiency — A case study of two electric vehicles operating in the Rotterdam area","authors":"S. van Sterkenburg, E. Rietveld, F. Rieck, B. Veenhuizen, H. Bosma","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043109","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the analysis of the efficiency of regenerative braking of two electric vehicles operating in the Rotterdam area. The methodology of this research consists of a real time driving cycle measurement, measuring and modelling the battery pack and modelling the complete drive train of the vehicle. In the last phase, measurements on a rolling road Dyno test bench will be carried out in order to further verify simulation results and to improve the vehicle model. To analyze the efficiency of regenerative braking, we determined the ratio of brake energy and propulsion energy during the driving cycle, the efficiency of propelling the vehicle and the efficiency of converting brake energy into useful energy. The relative energy gain that can be obtained by regenerative braking is the product of these factors. Simulations show that the energy reduction of the vehicles under test can be more than 20% by applying regenerative braking.","PeriodicalId":358038,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124697669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective harmonic power optimization in multilevel inverter output","authors":"A. Al-Judi, H. Bierk, E. Nowicki","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043135","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of switching instances in multilevel converters has been of interest in recent years. In this paper, a search technique to find the values of the switching angles of the output waveform of a multilevel inverter for harmonic optimization is described. The technique is based on the steepest descent algorithm which searches for the minimum value of the power harmonic distortion of the low order harmonics in the output waveform, according to the value of the modulation index set at the beginning of the optimization process. The algorithm uses the power equations of the harmonics rather than the voltage equations to achieve the search process. A high convergence rate is achieved with this technique.","PeriodicalId":358038,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125028256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Jamshidpour, B. Nahid-Mobarakeh, P. Poure, S. Pierfederici, S. Saadate
{"title":"Distributed stabilization in DC hybrid power systems","authors":"E. Jamshidpour, B. Nahid-Mobarakeh, P. Poure, S. Pierfederici, S. Saadate","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043126","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays Distributed Power Systems (DPSs) are used in different applications such as aerospace industry, submarines, ships and hybrid electric vehicles. However, interaction between the converters in these technologies, also create new challenges like instability due to the “Constant Power Loads” (CPL). In this paper, the small-signal analysis results of a DC hybrid power system are presented. This system is constituted of two load-converters with tight regulation, that exhibit CPL behavior and a battery with a DC-DC converter that are connected to a DC network. A distributed linear stabilization approach is considered to increase the reliability of the system; hence, an oscillation compensation technique is proposed to improve the stability margin of the system. Simulation and experimentation confirm the validity of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":358038,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125901685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Tingting, Zhao Fuquan, Li Jun, Jin Qiqian, You Yi
{"title":"Design method and control optimization of an Extended Range Electric Vehicle","authors":"Dong Tingting, Zhao Fuquan, Li Jun, Jin Qiqian, You Yi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043103","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) is a promising choice to overcome the limitation on the driving range of Electric Vehicle. However, its potential advantages extremely depend on the system design, especially the battery. This paper focuses on the component sizing of the energy and power of battery system, power design of R-Ext and the traction motor. The control strategy is discussed in this paper, and control parameters optimization of the EREV based on global optimization is implemented, aiming to minimizing the loss of power-train in view of prolonging battery life. A comparative analysis is given to assess the optimization results.","PeriodicalId":358038,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123261913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Borsuk, B. Bilgin, A. Khaligh, M. Krishnamurthy
{"title":"An REU project on the design of a brushless DC machine for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles","authors":"A. Borsuk, B. Bilgin, A. Khaligh, M. Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043249","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a design methodology for the propulsion motor of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. This research was conducted through the Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program supported by National Science Foundation (NSF). The simulation of a representative plug-in hybrid electric vehicle has been performed using ADVISOR vehicle modeling software. The vehicle has been simulated over a set of specific drive cycles to determine the optimum parameters for the design of a brushless DC machine. Emphasis is placed on finding the ideal torque-speed profile for the electric propulsion machine and a brushless DC machine design is then proposed, which increases the fuel economy and the acceleration performance of the representative plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. A solid model of the machine design was created and analyzed using finite-element software.","PeriodicalId":358038,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125289832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Battery modeling approaches and management techniques for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"Arash Shafiei, Ahmadreza Momeni, S. Williamson","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043191","url":null,"abstract":"Batteries play a critical role in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Plug-In HEV (PHEV) as one of the main energy sources because of their high energy density. Therefore, for designing purposes suitable battery models are necessary. Batteries have very nonlinear behavior and are dependent on many factors such as chemistry, temperature, load profile, charge/discharge algorithm, age, etc. Modeling the behaviors of the batteries can be achieved using different approaches and techniques. The more accurate battery model is, the more reliable results are obtained using simulation softwares. However, increasing the accuracy of the model increases the complexity of the whole system model and also the time of the simulations. In the case of vehicular applications batteries are used as packs of hundreds of cells which adds to the complexity of the model, since some behaviors are exaggerated. Besides, some effects such as the difference in state-of-charge of different cells which leads to the age reductions of the whole battery pack, or for example the temperature difference of the cells in different places of the pack cannot be ignored. For optimal designing purposes there should be a kind of tradeoff between accuracy and complexity. There are various battery models based on various approaches and techniques in the literature which may cause confusion. This paper tries to summarize and categorize different battery models with main focus on vehicular applications.","PeriodicalId":358038,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125507731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gaining vehicle-to-grid benefits with unidirectional electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle chargers","authors":"Mcdavis A. Fasugba, P. Krein","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043207","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to confirm that unidirectional power flow, given a significant penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), is sufficient to provide a utility with reactive power support and other vehicle-to-grid benefits. This work addresses the reactive power support capability of unidirectional chargers and power demand scheduling schemes aimed at minimizing peak loading on a distribution feeder due to multiple charging EVs. Reactive power capacity available from a unidirectional charger is quantified, and the impact of a few distinct utility-controlled power-draw scheduling strategies on peak loading of a distribution feeder model is discussed.","PeriodicalId":358038,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126835515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and design of a dc-dc converter with high boosting and reduced current ripple for PEM FC","authors":"G. Marsala, M. Pucci, R. Rabbeni, G. Vitale","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043054","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a boost converter aimed to give high boosting ratio by utilizing a single input inductor and a unique power switch. This performance is obtained with a reduced current ripple compared to the traditional boost converter. This paper gives a complete study of the proposed converter. It includes the operating principles, the mathematical model for the computation of the static gain as well as the small signal model for its dynamic study. Finally a design procedure is applied to a 300 W power converter and simulation results are provided. In the full paper the experimental realization and verification of theoretical results will be given.","PeriodicalId":358038,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115560527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy management system for hybrid electric vehicle: Real-time validation of the VEHLIB dedicated library","authors":"A. Florescu, H. Turker, S. Bacha, E. Vinot","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the energy share between batteries and supercapacitors within hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). A library of models, known as Hybrid Electric Vehicle Library (VEHLIB), which combines the different models to form a coherent modular base, has been constructed and implemented in real time simulator. Real-time results are here discussed in order to illustrate the effectives of models used. The integration of the on-board energy source of an electrically propelled vehicle with a supercapacitor bank (SB) as a peak power unit, can lead to substantial benefits in terms of electric vehicle, battery life and energy economy. An energy management strategy is also suggested, which is based upon the DC bus voltage regulation.","PeriodicalId":358038,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"15 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116430127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization method for the braking process of hybrid electric vehicles","authors":"M. Richter, M. Stiegeler, M. Mendes, H. Kabza","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2011.6042997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6042997","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a algorithm which can caluclate the optimal braking velocity path to get a maximum of regenerative enery during braking. For a further reduction of fuel consumption and an increase of the potential of generation a method is presented which allows to generate the braking point and the braking path of a customized hybrid vehicle aiming at regenerating a maximum of energy during the braking process. This allows to use the generator in a most efficient way in order to waste only a minimum of braking energy. This procedure was integrated into an autonomously operating driver model to show the fuel saving of the optimal braking algorithm in comparison to normal braking.","PeriodicalId":358038,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128433742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}