Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology最新文献_第10页

Calystegines. Calystegines。

Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64002-4

Stefan Biastoff, Birgit Dräger

引用次数: 16

Recent studies on the synthesis of strychnine. 士的宁的合成研究进展。

Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64003-6

Masakatsu Shibasaki, Takashi Ohshima

引用次数: 4

Alkyl, aryl, alkylarylquinoline, and related alkaloids. 烷基、芳基、烷基芳基喹啉及相关生物碱。

Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64004-8

Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da Silva, Márcio Santos Soares, João Batista Fernandes, Paulo Cezar Vieria

{"title":"Alkyl, aryl, alkylarylquinoline, and related alkaloids.","authors":"Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da Silva, Márcio Santos Soares, João Batista Fernandes, Paulo Cezar Vieria","doi":"10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64004-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64004-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Rutaceae continues to be the primary source of new alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones. In the past 17 years, the overall distribution of these alkaloid types within the family has changed little since the chemosystematics reviews by Waterman (270), Mester (40), and da Silva et al. (279). Alkylquinolones dominate the reported isolations with about 51% of the total, with arylquinolones (16%), alkylquinolines (15%), alkylarylquinolines (11%), arylquinolines (3%), alkylarylquinolones (2%), and quinolines (2%) as the significant structural groups contributing to the remainder of this class of alkaloids. The alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/one alkaloids occur in 50 species belonging to 24 genera and 6 subfamilies. Despite the intensive chemical exploration of many species from other plants in the Rutales family, but not in the family Rutaceae, the first alkaloid alkylquinolone from a simaroubaceous plant (160) was not reported until 1997. Although many additional alkaloids have been reported, some of new structural types (Bo.4), substantial biosynthetic work on plant-derived alkylquinolin/ones has not yet been carried out. The biosynthesis of some of these alkaloids in bacteria was firmly established as being derived from anthranilic acid. Outside of the Rutales, alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones have not been found, except for simple quinoline (A.1; only one) and 2-methylquinoline derivatives in the Zygophyllaceae, and only an atypical quinolone derivative (Ao.1) in the Asteraceae family. A few 3-phenylquinolines (2), 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (1), and quinoline-quinazoline (1) alkaloids have been reported from only a single genus in the Zygophyllaceae. Tryptophan-derived quinolines in higher plants are confined to a few 2-carboxylicquinolin/ones (6) and 4-carbaldehydequinolines (5); the former found in the Ephedraceae (5), Boraginaceae (1), Fagaceae (1), Ginkgoaceae (1), Plumbaginaceae (1), Solanaceae (1), and Apiaceae (1), and the latter in the Moraceae (3), Alliaceae (1), and Pontederiacae (1). The number of quinolones derived from glycine and a polyketide is also limited. 5-Alkyl-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-ones (8) occur in the Euphorbiaceae, and 5-alkyaryl-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-ones ((3) in the Sterculiaceae. Alkylquinolin/ones are well-known as typical alkaloids of three Proteobacteria and three Actinobacteria; the genus Pseudomonas yielded the majority (46%) of the total number of alkaloids reported (39). 2-Carboxylicquinolin/ones (4) and 4-carbaldehydequinolines (6) are minor constituents in both divisions of bacteria. More interesting are the quinolactacins (7), in which the second nitrogen is derived from L-valine or L-isoleucine, recently reported to occur only in the fungus Penicillium. Many of these diverse alkaloids have served directly as medicines or as lead compounds for the synthesis (258) of derivatives with an improved biological profile. It is apparent from the summary view of the alkyl-, aryl-, and alk","PeriodicalId":35785,"journal":{"name":"Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology","volume":"64 ","pages":"139-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64004-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27122975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. 植物生物碱合成的调控。

Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(06)63001-0

Peter J Facchini

引用次数: 20

Ergot alkaloids--biology and molecular biology. 麦角生物碱——生物学和分子生物学。

Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(06)63002-2

Christopher L Schardl, Daniel G Panaccione, Paul Tudzynski

{"title":"Ergot alkaloids--biology and molecular biology.","authors":"Christopher L Schardl, Daniel G Panaccione, Paul Tudzynski","doi":"10.1016/s1099-4831(06)63002-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1099-4831(06)63002-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EA have been a major benefit, and a major detriment, to humans since early in recorded history. Their medicinal properties have been used, and continue to be used, to aid in childbirth, with new uses being found in the treatment of neurological and cardiovascular disorders. The surprisingly broad range of pharmaceutical uses for EA stems from their affinities for multiple receptors for three distinct neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, and adrenaline), from the great structural diversity of natural EA, and from the application of chemical techniques that further expand that structural diversity. The dangers posed by EA to humans and their livestock stem from the ubiquity of ergot fungi (Claviceps species) as parasites of cereals, and of related grass endophytes (Epichloë, Neotyphodium, and Balansia species) that may inhabit pasture grasses and produce toxic levels of EA. Further concerns stem from saprophytic EA producers in the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, especially A. fumigatus, an opportunistic pathogen of humans. Numerous fungal species produce EA with a wide variety of structures and properties. These alkaloids are associated with plants in the families Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Convolvulaceae, apparently because these plants can have symbiotic fungi that produce EA. Pharmacological activities of EA relate to their specific structures. Known as potent vasoconstrictors, the ergopeptines include a lysergic acid substituent with an amide linkage to a complex cyclol-lactam ring structure generated from three amino acids. Simpler lysergyl amides and clavines are more apt to have oxytonic or psychotropic activities. One of the lysergyl amides is LSD (5), the most potent hallucinogen known. The EA biosynthetic pathway in Claviceps species has been studied extensively for many decades, and recent studies have also employed epichloës and A. fumigatus. The early pathway, shared among these fungi, begins with the action of an aromatic prenyl transferase, DMATrp synthase, which links a dimethylallyl chain to L-tryptophan. When the dmaW gene encoding DMATrp synthase was cloned and sequenced, the predicted product bore no identifiable resemblance to other known prenyl transferases. The dma W genes of Claviceps species are present in clusters of genes, several of which also have demonstrated roles in EA biosynthesis. In many other fungi, dma W homologues are identifiable in otherwise very different gene clusters. The roles of DMA Trp synthase homologues in these other fungi are probably quite variable. One of them is thought to prenylate the phenolic oxygen of L-tyrosine, and another catalyzes the unusual reverse prenylation reaction in the biosynthesis of fumigaclavine C(10), an EA characteristic of A. fumigatus. The second step of the EA pathway is N-methylation of DMATrp (12) to form 13, which is then subjected to a series of oxidation/oxygenation and reduction reactions to generate, in order, chanoclavine-I (16), agroclavine (19), and ","PeriodicalId":35785,"journal":{"name":"Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology","volume":"63 ","pages":"45-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s1099-4831(06)63002-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26412666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 175

Bisindole alkaloids. 双吲哚生物碱。

Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(06)63004-6

Toh-Seok Kam, Yeun-Mun Choo

引用次数: 12

The Lycopodium alkaloids. 石蒜生物碱。

Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(05)61001-2

Jun'ichi Kobayashi, Hiroshi Morita

引用次数: 0

Alkaloids of the Hernandiaceae: occurrence and a compilation of their biological activities. 龙葵科生物碱的发生及其生物活性汇编。

Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(05)62003-2

Lucia M Conserva, Cynara de Araújo B Pereira, José Maria Barbosa-Filho

引用次数: 31

Protoberberine alkaloids. Protoberberine alkaloids .

Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(05)62001-9

Emidio Vasconcelos Leitao Da-Cunha, Ivana Maria Fechinei, Diego Nunes Guedes, José Maria Barbosa-Filho, Marcelo Sobral Da Silva

引用次数: 38

The stemona alkaloids. 茎苔生物碱。

Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(05)62002-0

Ronaldo A Pilli, Giovanni B Rosso, Maria Da Conceição F De Oliveira

引用次数: 33