Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title]最新文献

The Diversity of Endophytic Aspergillus 内生曲霉的多样性

Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99717

Vo Thi Ngoc My, Nguyen Van Thanh

引用次数: 0

Soil Biodiversity and Root Pathogens in Agroecosystems 农业生态系统土壤生物多样性与根系病原菌

Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99317

María del Pilar Rodríguez Guzmán

{"title":"Soil Biodiversity and Root Pathogens in Agroecosystems","authors":"María del Pilar Rodríguez Guzmán","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99317","url":null,"abstract":"Soil ecosystem is a living and dynamic environment, habitat of thousands of microbial species, animal organisms and plant roots, integrated all of them in the food webs, and performing vital functions like organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling; soil is also where plant roots productivity represent the main and first trophic level (producers), the beginning of the soil food web and of thousands of biological interactions. Agroecosystems are modified ecosystems by man in which plant, animal and microorganisms biodiversity has been altered, and sometimes decreased to a minimum number of species. Plant diseases, including root diseases caused by soil-borne plant pathogens are important threats to crop yield and they causes relevant economic losses. Soil-borne plant pathogens and the diseases they produce can cause huge losses and even social and environmental changes, for instance the Irish famine caused by Phytophthora infestans (1845–1853), or the harmful ecological alterations in the jarrah forests of Western Australia affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi in the last 100 years. How can a root pathogen species increase its populations densities at epidemic levels? In wild ecosystems usually we expect the soil biodiversity (microbiome, nematodes, mycorrhiza, protozoa, worms, etc.) through the trophic webs and different interactions between soil species, are going to regulate each other and the pathogens populations, avoiding disease outbreaks. In agroecosystems where plant diseases and epidemics are frequent and destructive, soil-borne plant pathogens has been managed applying different strategies: chemical, cultural, biological agents and others; however so far, there is not enough knowledge about how important is soil biodiversity, mainly microbiome diversity and soil food webs structure and function in the management of root pathogens, in root and plant health, in healthy food production, and maybe more relevant in the conservation of soil as a natural resource and derived from it, the ecosystem services important for life in our planet.","PeriodicalId":357675,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title]","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121556776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Agroecological Approach to Farming for Sustainable Development: The Indian Scenario 农业生态方法促进可持续发展:印度情景

Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.100281

Ishwari Singh Bisht, Jai Chand Rana, S. Jones, N. Estrada-Carmona, R. Yadav

{"title":"Agroecological Approach to Farming for Sustainable Development: The Indian Scenario","authors":"Ishwari Singh Bisht, Jai Chand Rana, S. Jones, N. Estrada-Carmona, R. Yadav","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.100281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100281","url":null,"abstract":"Agroecology is the application of ecological principles to agricultural systems and practices and the application of social justice principles to whole food systems. Agroecological farming, an unfamiliar concept to those who treat agriculture and ecology as separate subjects, refers to farming for producing food, employment and economic benefits in addition to cultural, social and environmental services and benefits. Additionally, agroecology empowers farming communities, as the key agents of change, and addresses the root cause of problems of unsustainable agricultural systems in an integrated way and provides holistic and long-term solutions to transform the food and agricultural systems. As agroecology is at the forefront of transforming farming and food system sustainability, the present chapter specifically explores the state of Indian traditional farming agroecosystems, evidence collected under the ongoing Indian UNEP-GEF project “Mainstreaming agricultural biodiversity conservation and utilization in agricultural sector to ensure ecosystem services and reduce vulnerability”. We discuss traditional Indian farming in view of FAO’s 10 principles of Agroecology which is key to help policymakers, practitioners and stakeholders, in planning, managing and evaluating agroecological transitions.","PeriodicalId":357675,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title]","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122200126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Soil Biodiversity as a Key Sponsor of Regenerative Agriculture 土壤生物多样性是再生农业的关键赞助者

Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99716

Mulugeta Aytenew

{"title":"Soil Biodiversity as a Key Sponsor of Regenerative Agriculture","authors":"Mulugeta Aytenew","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99716","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing knowledge and literacy around soil biodiversity is essential to discover and implement biological solutions for the discouraging challenges people face in agriculture and human wellbeing. Therefore, this review was done to get an insight into the awareness and understanding of the contribution of soil biodiversity to regenerative agriculture. The review was done by referring to the latest different research findings; reports, working guidelines, as well as knowledge shared from different soil biodiversity conferences and webinar discussion points. The review disclosed that to meet the increasing demand for food for the ever-increasing global population and the 2030 sustainable development goals, regenerating the already degraded lands through regenerative agriculture principles and practices is vitally important. The findings and report documents showed that soil biodiversity facilitates the regenerative agriculture system as soil organisms are using as soil health improvement machines, a remediates for soil and water pollution, a fertilizer, pesticide, as a means of carbon sink, and used in the pharmaceutical industry to discover new drugs and vaccines for animal and human health. Moreover, the meta-analysis publicized that the consideration and use of soil biodiversity in the regenerative agriculture system have promising results although little is known about the role of those soil organisms in the ecosystem due to the presence of knowledge gap and complexity of relationships in the soil system. Therefore, furthermore, attention should be given to the discoveries of soil biodiversity to use them as a natured based solution for regenerative agriculture in the 21st century and to meet the 2030 sustainable development goals.","PeriodicalId":357675,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title]","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121962519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Role of Woody Plant Functional Traits for Sustainable Soil Management in the Agroforestry System of Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚农林业系统中木本植物功能性状对土壤可持续管理的作用

Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99296

Hana Tamrat Gebirehiwot, Alemayehu Abera Kedanu, Megersa Adugna

{"title":"The Role of Woody Plant Functional Traits for Sustainable Soil Management in the Agroforestry System of Ethiopia","authors":"Hana Tamrat Gebirehiwot, Alemayehu Abera Kedanu, Megersa Adugna","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99296","url":null,"abstract":"A woody plant functional trait that directly affects its fitness and environment is decisive to ensure the success of an Agroforestry practice. Hence, recognizing the woody plant functional traits is very important to boost and sustain the productivity of the system when different plants are sharing common resources, like in Agroforestry system. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to understand how woody plant functional traits contribute to sustainable soil management in Agroforestry system and to give the way forward in the case of Ethiopia. The contribution of woody plant species in improving soil fertility and controlling soil erosion is attributed by litter accumulation rate and the season, decomposability and nutrient content of the litter, root physical and chemical trait, and spread canopy structure functional trait. However, spread canopy structure functional trait is used in coffee based Agroforestry system, while with management in Parkland Agro forestry System. Woody species of Agroforestry system added a significant amount of soil TN, OC, Av.P, K, Na, Ca, and Mg nutrients to the soil. Woody plant species of Agroforestry system and their functional traits are very important to ensure sustainable soil management. Thus, further investigation of the woody plant functional traits especially the compatibility of trees with cops is needed to fully utilize the potential of woody species for sustainable soil management practice.","PeriodicalId":357675,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title]","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126649218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biodiversity Conservation, Economic Growth and Sustainable Development 生物多样性保护、经济增长与可持续发展

Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99298

R. Rice

引用次数: 0

Carbon Storage of some Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis) Clones in HEVECAM’s Plantations in South Cameroon 在喀麦隆南部HEVECAM种植园中一些橡胶树(橡胶树)无性系的碳储量

Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99297

Menoh A Ngon René, Tsoata Esaïe, Tsouga Manga Milie Lionelle, Owona Ndongo Pierre-André

{"title":"Carbon Storage of some Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis) Clones in HEVECAM’s Plantations in South Cameroon","authors":"Menoh A Ngon René, Tsoata Esaïe, Tsouga Manga Milie Lionelle, Owona Ndongo Pierre-André","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99297","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to estimate the quantity of carbon stored by four main clones of rubber tree cultivated in South Cameroon: GT 1, PB 217, PR 107 and RRIC 100. The forest inventory method was used to measure trees morphological parameters, the latter used to calculate carbon storage using the allometric equation of Wauters et al., (2008). The main morphological parameters measured were: leaf area index (LAI), circumference (C), diameter at breast height (DBH) and total tree height (h). Comparing the morphological parameters of clones two by two using a Dunn test, we observe significant differences in the circumference, the diameter and even very significant in the leaf area index, but not in the height. The clones GT 1, PR 107, PB 217, and RRIC 100 stored on average: 111.05 tC / ha, 150.18 tC / ha, 165.25 tC / ha, and 187.25 tC/ha respectively. A significant difference was established between the means of carbon storage of the clones GT 1 and PB 217 (p = 0.0488) on one hand and, that of the clones GT 1 and RRIC 100 (p = 0.0240), on the other hand. These results are an estimation of models, further research can be undertaken for exact measurements.","PeriodicalId":357675,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title]","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130211573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban Ecosystem: An Interaction of Biological and Physical Components 城市生态系统:生物和物理成分的相互作用

Biodiversity of Ecosystems [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97742

Hassanali Mollashahi, M. Szymura

引用次数: 1