Proceedings of the ACM conference on Document processing systems最新文献

{"title":"Hypertext engineering: practical methods for creating a compact disk encyclopedia","authors":"R. Glushko, Mark D. Weaver, Thomas A. Coonan, J. E. Lincoln","doi":"10.1145/62506.62508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/62506.62508","url":null,"abstract":"The Engineering Data Compendium [1] is a multi-volume scientific and engineering encyclopedia that contaln~ comprehensive reference data about human perception and performance. Its primary users are designers of systems with complex user interfaces, such as aircraft cockpits or power plant control rooms. We created a compact disc version of the Compendhtm in which hypertext features enhance and supplement the Table of","PeriodicalId":357486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM conference on Document processing systems","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126122926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adaptation of dataflow methods for WYSIWYG document processing","authors":"D. Chamberlin","doi":"10.1145/62506.62524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/62506.62524","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of powerful personal workstations has made it possible for users to interact directly with objects that have complex semantics, such as spreadsheets and formatted documents. When a user makes a change to one part of such an object, its semantics may trigger changes to other parts of the object as well (e.g., other cells of the spreadsheet or other pages of the document). A system for direct manipulation of complex objects, such as a WYSIWYG document editor, must find all the work made necessary by a given user action, and must perform this work quickly in order to respond to the next user input. There is an analogy between a WYSIWYG document editor, which must find all the parts of a document that need work as a result of a given user action, and a dataflow graph, which is used to find all the computational units that are made ready for processing as a result of the completion of a given unit. This paper will examine how some of the techniques used in the dataflow model of computation have been adapted for use in an experimental WYSIWYG editor called Quill. We will show how dataflow languages have influenced the language used in Quill to specify the semantics of new user-defined formatting objects. We will also consider how the dataflow model may point the way toward methods for parallel processing of complex documents.","PeriodicalId":357486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM conference on Document processing systems","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115004197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difficulties in parsing SGML","authors":"J. Heath, Larry Welsch","doi":"10.1145/62506.62520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/62506.62520","url":null,"abstract":"I n t r o d u c t i o n The National Bureau of Standards (NBS), among other activities, promotes the acceptance of voluntary standards. Part of the acceptance requires that products be avai lable to show users how the standard might be useful in their situation. If products are too slow in becoming available, users may have to accept solut ions which do not use standards. At NBS we are often asked to develop prototype applicat ions to show the usefulness of a standard and, like other developers, are frustrated by some of the coding required. All too often, standards that are meant to be processed by Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. © 1988 ACM 0-89791-291-8/88/0012/0071 $1.50 computer based systems have been developed without regard to establ ished convent ions and models and without regard to the tools that might be used to bui ld applicat ions. The resultant standards are technical ly flawed, require substant ial changes, 1 and are onerous to process. Addi t ional ly , constructs that appeared useful when the standard was being specified become obstacles to both computer and human processing. The Office Systems Engineer ing Group at NBS has looked at SGML 2 and written a parser using common tools for language processing. In the process of doing this we have several suggestions for improvement to the language. Although the bulk of this paper focuses on parsing a part of an SGML document known as the document type declarat ion (DTD), the techniques and the conclus ions are appl icable to the entire SGML specification. Some SGML T e r m i n o l o g y a nd No ta t ion Although it is not within the scope of this paper to describe even a significant part of SGML, the fol lowing informat ion will be helpful in unders tanding subsequent parts of this report. SGML is an In ternat ional Standards Organizat ion (ISO) standard and a subset of this standard has been proposed as a Federal Informat ion Processing Standard (FIPS). A basic tenet of SGML is that markup 3 should be descript ive 1. Exclusive of glossary, overview, and appendices, the SGML standard, ISO 8879-1986(E), is approximately 38 pages in length. Since its release in October of 1986, there have been 13 pages of technical amendments (ISO 8879-1986(E) Amendment 1) which have been added to \"improve the expression of the design of SGML.\" 2. ISO 8879-1986 Information Processing Text and Office Systems Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). (Geneva, Switzerland: International Standards Organization), (1986). 3. Markup is defined in ISO 8879-1986(E) as \"Text that is added to the data of a document to convey information about","PeriodicalId":357486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM conference on Document processing systems","volume":"486 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124026640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating among processable multi-media document formats using ODA","authors":"J. Rosenberg, M. Sherman, A. Marks, Frank Giufrida","doi":"10.1145/62506.62519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/62506.62519","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction listing of the document format features that we supThis paper describes our experiences in translating ported in our translations, _, processable multi-media documents among diverse systems. We performed these translations using the interThe EXPRES Project ! national standard Office Document Architecture (ODA) In June 1986, the National Science Foundation (NSF) solicited proposals for the Experimental Research in : as an intermediate representation. The next two sections provide brief descriptions of the NSF-funded Electronic Submission (EXPRES) project. EXPRES EXPRES project (under which this work was was designed to promote the electronic interchange of performed) and our goals for this phase of the project, multi-media documents among the scientific research Following that is a brief description of the multicommunity. The NSF proposal submittal process was media document systems at Carnegie Mellon University chosen as a controlled sub-environment in which to (CMU) and the University of Michigan (UM), the two pursue the goals of the project, because this process institutions at which this work was performed. This is embodies many of the issues that must be addressed by _EXPRES. In particular, proposals are documents that -_ followed by a brief introduction to ODA and the ODA Tool Kit, a subroutine library that was used in the conusually contain information expressed in several media, struction of the translators, such as text, line drawings and raster images. These sections are followed by a discussion of In September of 1986, the NSF made equal three. general issues relating to the fidelity of document transyear awards to the Information Technology Center at lations. We then describe our approach to document CMU, and to the Center for Information Technology format translation using ODA, the problems we enIntegration at UM. In addition, several vendors have countered and our solutions. We provide some details donated equipment and provided technical support to about the implementation of the translators, our current the EXPRES project: IBM, DEC, Apollo Computer, status and our conclusions on the effort. The last secSun Microsystems and Apple. There are many issues that must be addressed to tion discusses some directions for further work on document interchange and an appendix contains a improve the ability of researchers to interchange multimedia electronic documents. To make the task Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted manageable, we are concentrating on the problem of provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of effective interchange of processable multi-media docuthe publication and its dateappear, and notice is given that copying ments among diverse systems. In particular, we are is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific ignori","PeriodicalId":357486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM conference on Document processing systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125007761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking text in mixed-mode documents","authors":"J. Bixler","doi":"10.1145/62506.62541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/62506.62541","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a method for extracting arbitrarily oriented text in documents containing both text and graphics. The technique presented is inspired by the tracking algorithms frequently found in raster to vector conversion systems. By identifying text components in the document, reducing the resolution of the image by the size of the characters, and then tracking the centers of the character components, all text strings can be removed and subsequently reoriented to the horizontal. They can then be presented for automated character recognition. A by-product of the method is that characters are automatically grouped together to form words and/or phrases. We give a detailed description of the algorithm, discuss its strengths and weaknesses, and present some sample results obtained from a typical city street map.","PeriodicalId":357486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM conference on Document processing systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129555250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auto-updating as a technical documentation tool","authors":"George Towner","doi":"10.1145/62506.62514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/62506.62514","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental software tools are described for implementing auto-updating, a method of transporting information between a document and multiple databases. Such information may include technical data, formatting markups, graphics, and text strings. These tools support insertion of database fields into a document by familiar copying operations; at any later time, they can then import current field values into the document. One benefit of auto-updating is that different authors can work efficiently on selected subject areas of one Or more documents by reviewing and editing the database information. Other benefits for document preparation and publication are discussed.","PeriodicalId":357486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM conference on Document processing systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130882687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual documents: a mechanism for specifying active views in hypertext","authors":"J. Nanard, M. Nanard, H. Richy","doi":"10.1145/62506.62515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/62506.62515","url":null,"abstract":"Browsing is the classical way of accessing subsets of hypertexts. In this paper we introduce the notion of \"conceptual document\" to describe how to synthesize as a structured document any specific view of a set of data related by semantic links. A conceptual document is a description specifying all the aspects of this view including not only the logical structure and the presentation rules but also the extraction rules which express at a semantic level how to obtain the content of the view. It shortens the access paths to information and allows the user to group together chunks of information. The example of the X-station project illustrates the use of this concept as a uniform mechanism for viewing, managing and manipulating information.","PeriodicalId":357486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM conference on Document processing systems","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114032942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why switch from paper to electronic manuals","authors":"Cheryl A. Ventura","doi":"10.1145/62506.62525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/62506.62525","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to the general discussion about the rationale for switching to electronic forms of documentation. It describes one particular domain: military maintenance documentation. Part of the problem with military documentation is: the problems with paper form manuals are vaguely described and ill-defined. The problems must be better understood before we can understand how electronic form manuals can solve them. This article presents a view of these problems as an organized system with clear cause-effect relationships between problems. It then discusses how specific electronic technologies can be applied to solve the system of problems as a whole.","PeriodicalId":357486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM conference on Document processing systems","volume":"37 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117224964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two complementary techniques for digitized document analysis","authors":"G. Nagy, J. Kanai, M. Krishnamoorthy, Mathews Thomas, M. Viswanathan","doi":"10.1145/62506.62539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/62506.62539","url":null,"abstract":"Two complementary methods are proposed for characterizing the spatial structure of digitized technical documents and labelling various logical components without using optical character recognition. The top-down method segments and labels the page image simultaneously using publication-specific information in the form of a page-grammar. The bottom-up method naively segments the document into rectangles that contain individual connected components, combines blocks using knowledge about generic layout objects, and identifies logical objects using publication-specific knowledge. Both methods are based on the X-Y tree representation of a page image. The procedures are demonstrated on scanned and synthesized bit-maps of the title pages of technical articles.","PeriodicalId":357486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM conference on Document processing systems","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128233267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The escher document imaging model","authors":"S. Zilles, P. Lucas, T. Linden, J. Lotspiech, A. Harbury","doi":"10.1145/62506.62536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/62506.62536","url":null,"abstract":"Escher, named after the Dutch artist M. C. Escher, is a graphics language designed to support applications for composing complex, publishing quality documents for high resolution printers and displays. These documents may consist of images, text, and graphics (collectively called graphic elements). In Eseher, graphic elements are represented by typed graphic values in the same way that numbers are represented by values of type Integer or Real. For example, Escher has data types for pictures, paths, and transformations. The operations on the graphic data types are purely functional, that is applicative. These operations have no side effects; they only return values. Thus, the graphic data types together with their operations form an algebra of graphic elements. There are two benefits of eliminating side effects in a document description language. First, it is possible to compose a document from existing fragments of text, images and graphics without unwanted interactions among the assembled fragments. Since there is no state component, there is no possibility of one part affecting another part. The second benefit arises in the implementation of the language. Considerable progress has been made in the capabilities of the hardware used to render documents. In particular, parallel architectures are finding more use. Sequential, state oriented languages, such as GKS [1] (with a Fort ran binding) or PostScript ru! [2][3], may limit the amount of parallelism that can be realized. These languages have a graphics state which can be modified between any","PeriodicalId":357486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM conference on Document processing systems","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122556717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}