Johannes Stümpfle;Johannes Sigel;Matthias Weiß;Baran Can Gül;Falk Dettinger;Nasser Jazdi;Max Hoßfeld;Michael Weyrich
{"title":"The Software-Defined Vehicle: A Comprehensive Study on Current Trends and Challenges","authors":"Johannes Stümpfle;Johannes Sigel;Matthias Weiß;Baran Can Gül;Falk Dettinger;Nasser Jazdi;Max Hoßfeld;Michael Weyrich","doi":"10.1109/EMR.2025.3636574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2025.3636574","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive industry is undergoing an extensive transition from hardware-centric development to software-defined vehicles (SDVs). This paradigm shift requires innovative technical solutions and fundamentally different approaches for vehicle design. Together, these developments introduce substantial challenges for an entire industry, affecting both development processes and operations. Although SDVs have attracted considerable attention and widespread industry involvement, prior research has primarily emphasized systematic literature reviews identifying emerging academic trends. Consequently, little attention has been paid to industry and economic developments that influence how SDV technologies evolve in practice and are crucial for future advancement. In response, this article provides a different, industry-oriented view of the current trends and associated challenges of SDVs. To achieve this, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the SDV from an industry-based perspective. We analyzed three sources of information to identify the current trends in SDV development: expert interviews with automotive IT specialists, a study on major automotive trade fairs and workshops, and insights gained from the authors' professional experience. Based upon, we derive specific challenges arising from these trends. Our findings offer a comprehensive overview of the present SDV landscape, trends, and challenges, and serve as a foundation for future research efforts in this rapidly evolving field.","PeriodicalId":35585,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering Management Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"89-107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk Is Not the Same as Uncertainty: Dealing With Uncertainty in Cost Contingency Estimation of Infrastructure Projects","authors":"Peter E. D. Love","doi":"10.1109/EMR.2025.3647237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2025.3647237","url":null,"abstract":"Infrastructure projects frequently exceed their budgeted costs, placing an undue financial burden on taxpayers. A key contributing factor is the tendency among engineers and related professionals to conflate risk with epistemic uncertainty when estimating contingencies, resulting in inadequate allowances for unexpected costs (e.g., scope changes, design modifications, or documentation errors). Treating epistemic uncertainty through a risk-based lens is problematic: it oversimplifies the nature of unknowns, creates blind spots, and leads to misjudgments about project complexity and cost. This article argues that cost contingencies should address risk and epistemic uncertainty as distinct concepts, each requiring different decision-making approaches. Specifically, it advocates for the use of smart heuristics—simple, task-specific strategies—for managing uncertainty where statistical tools fall short. These heuristics are particularly suited to contexts characterized by unknown or unknowable variables influencing construction costs. The article identifies and outlines several decision-making tools for dealing with uncertainty. Explicitly accounting for epistemic uncertainty in contingency estimation is vital for improving the accuracy of infrastructure cost estimates.","PeriodicalId":35585,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering Management Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"240-247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Ködding;Christian Koldewey;Roman Dumitrescu
{"title":"Tailoring Scenario Projects With Method and Tool Building Blocks","authors":"Patrick Ködding;Christian Koldewey;Roman Dumitrescu","doi":"10.1109/EMR.2025.3646110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2025.3646110","url":null,"abstract":"In our current VUCA world, scenarios provide companies with an established tool to deal systematically with their environments in a future-oriented way. Nevertheless, their use has decreased in practice due to the increased short-termism of companies and the high expenditure of time and methodological complexity of scenario projects. One further major challenge is the individual tailoring of the scenario process to the requirements of a scenario project. While bearing the potential to improve the efficiency and quality of scenario projects, the manifold emerging digital technologies, like artificial intelligence tools, add to the complexity of scenario process tailoring. Existing approaches from the literature provide only implicit instructions to practitioners. They also hardly address the selection of suitable digital technologies. In this article, we develop a method for the individual design of the scenario process using design science research. The method comprises four phases: definition, specification, selection and assembly, and application. With the help of morphological boxes and guiding questions, we enable practitioners to select methodological approaches and digital technologies, so-called building blocks, for all tasks of a scenario project. The applicability of the method is shown using two scenario projects.","PeriodicalId":35585,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering Management Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"163-175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11303732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Hackathons to Venture Studios: A Managerial Taxonomy of Innovation Support Vehicles","authors":"Ariel Beery;Andreas Kuckertz","doi":"10.1109/EMR.2026.3655077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2026.3655077","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation is important, but there are almost infinite options for organizations to support and enable innovative projects. Accordingly, this brief <italic>Technology Manager’s Notebook (TMN)</i> article presents a taxonomy of innovation support vehicles that will be useful to technology managers deciding on the innovation infrastructure most suitable for their organization.","PeriodicalId":35585,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering Management Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Integration Model for the Mapping of BPMN to Smart Contracts: MCQ Case Study","authors":"Aicha El Abidi;Hamid El Ghazi;Saïd Assar","doi":"10.1109/EMR.2024.3488962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2024.3488962","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology and Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) hold great promise for revolutionizing a wide range of industries by improving transparency, security, and efficiency. In this article, we propose an integration model for the systematic translation of any BPMN process into a blockchain with smart contracts. Essentially, our approach aims to support smart contract practitioners working on complex business cases or those new to solidity by simplifying the language and providing a clear, user-friendly path to translate business processes into effective solidity code. Our model was applied in a real-world case study to streamline multiple-choice question creation and management in education. Finally, this article discusses the potential impact of this integrated approach on educational assessment practices and suggests avenues for future research and development.","PeriodicalId":35585,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering Management Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"17-34"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Amo;Joana Gaia;David Murray;G. Lawrence Sanders;Sean Sanders;Raghvendra Singh;Shambhu Upadhyaya
{"title":"The Role of Economic Incentives and Disincentives in Deterring Insider Hacking Behavior","authors":"Laura Amo;Joana Gaia;David Murray;G. Lawrence Sanders;Sean Sanders;Raghvendra Singh;Shambhu Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1109/EMR.2025.3635919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2025.3635919","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research in this article is to investigate the influence of economic incentives, income levels, interest in white-hat capabilities, and perceptions of being apprehended on the willingness to violate privacy regulations. The research model was developed by drawing on the economics of crime literature, prospect theory, and the emerging capability, opportunity, and motivation behavioral model. This study involved a sample of 523 people on the brink of entering the workforce as potential insider hackers. Despite many subjects believing there is a high probability of being caught, they could still be incentivized to violate Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) laws . Approximately 306 (58%) of the survey participants indicated a price, ranging from zero dollars to more than $10 million, that they considered acceptable for violating the HIPAA laws. Income levels, white-hat hacking capabilities, monetary incentives to commit a crime, and the perceived probability of being apprehended were statistically significant predictors of the amount of money required to violate HIPAA laws.","PeriodicalId":35585,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering Management Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"71-88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unleashing the Potential of Industrial IoT and Industry 5.0","authors":"Poonam Maurya;Abhishek Hazra;Alakesh Kalita","doi":"10.1109/EMR.2025.3644409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2025.3644409","url":null,"abstract":"The transition to Industry 5.0 emphasizes the need and importance of human–machine collaboration, driving the demand for intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) and communication protocols. This article examines the essential prerequisites for Industry 5.0, evaluates the existing constraints of IoT communication protocols, and highlights the requirements for industrial convergence. Specifically, the article focuses on and discusses the role of IoT protocols and standards in realizing the key objectives of Industry 5.0 over Industry 4.0. In addition, it outlines a human-centric Industry 5.0 reference architecture designed to support managers and decision-makers through real-time data visibility, predictive maintenance insights, and resource optimization. To this end, we introduce an edge-enabled Industry 5.0 reference architecture and use cases, particularly emphasizing the enhancement of human–machine interaction. This article also examines the 6TiSCH (IPv6 over the time-slotted channel hopping mode of IEEE 802.15.4e) wireless network protocol, focusing on its performance evaluation, prospective advantages, and upcoming advancements. Finally, several open research challenges and managerial implications are discussed to achieve Industry 5.0 resolution.","PeriodicalId":35585,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering Management Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"119-135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some people were born to lead","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/EMR.2026.3714795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2026.3714795","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35585,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering Management Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11658540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}