{"title":"New ISFET interface circuits with noise reduction capability","authors":"M. Das, M. Bhuyan","doi":"10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909263","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper three different noise reduction techniques for Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) readout configuration and their comparison is presented. The proposed circuit configurations are immune to the noise generated from the ISFET sensory system and particularly to the low frequency pH dependent 1/f electrochemical noise. The methods used under these studies are- Compensation of noise by differential techniques (Implemented in LabVIEW environment and with OPAMP based circuit) and compensation by Wheatstone bridge method. Here two identical commercial ISFET sensors from Microsens were used. The statistical and frequency analysis of the data generated by the proposed methods were compared for different pH value ranging from pH-2 to pH 10 under room temperature, and it is found that the interface circuits are able to compensate the noise to a great extent.","PeriodicalId":355706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115273300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved Blocking Expanding Ring Search (I-BERS) protocol for energy efficient routing in MANET","authors":"A. Shintre, S. Sondur","doi":"10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909257","url":null,"abstract":"Routing is one of the key issues in Mobile Adhoc Network. Although establishing correct and efficient routes is an important issue in MANETs, a more challenging goal is to provide energy efficient routing protocols since mobile nodes are powered by batteries with limited capacity. Power failure of a mobile node not only affect the node itself but also its ability to forward packets on behalf of others and thus the overall network lifetime. On demand routing protocols such as AODV and DSR for MANETs are known to use low bandwidth and consumes less power which makes them appealing for MANET's scenario. The work in this paper motivated from the Blocking Expanding Ring Search algorithm. In this paper we propose I-BERS routing protocol in which chase packets are sent one ring ahead to network diameter to stop rebroadcast of RREQ packets. The simulation of I-BERS and BERS is conducted in ns-2 and compared for energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and routing overhead parameters. The results shows I-BERS is highly energy efficient.","PeriodicalId":355706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132023743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A self explanatory review of decision tree classifiers","authors":"Anuradha, Gaurav Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909245","url":null,"abstract":"Decision tree classifiers are considered to serve as a standout amongst the most well-known approaches for representing classifiers in data classification. The issue of expanding a decision tree from available data has been considered by various researchers from diverse realms and disciplines for example machine studying, pattern recognition and statistics. The utilization of Decision tree classifiers have been suggested multifariously in numerous areas like remote sensing, speech recognition, medicinal analysis and numerous more. This paper gives brief of various known algorithms for representing and constructing decision tree classifiers. In addition to it, various pruning methodologies, splitting criteria and ensemble methods are also discussed. In short, the paper presents a short self-explanatory review of decision tree classification which would be beneficial for beginners.","PeriodicalId":355706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129925604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An efficient algorithm of steganography using JPEG colored image","authors":"Sudhir Goswami, Jyotismita Goswami, R. Mehra","doi":"10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909254","url":null,"abstract":"In Steganography there are many techniques which are used to hide the data in different formats. Most general one is the least significant bit (LSB) substitution method, which is commonly used due to its simplicity. It provides protection to data by hiding it in digital image. But simple use of this approach is more vulnerable to attack. In this paper we have discussed the art and science of Steganography in general and proposed an algorithm which is the variant of LSB substitution method. It efficiently and effectively hides data with the help of a key in JPEG colored digital image. Security of hidden data is proportional to the length of key used. Proposed algorithm is capable to hide more data in cover image and require no preprocessing. Results show that there is less detectable distortion in the stego image and opens the track for proposed algorithm to be used in data hiding and secure transmission.","PeriodicalId":355706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134140212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mobile sensing platform for non-ionizing radiation measurement","authors":"V. H. K. Kishore, K. Sahithi, V. Sumanth","doi":"10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909289","url":null,"abstract":"We present an intuitive approach for non-ionizing radiation measurement using smart phone and external sensor. This paper exploits the use of current day technology to monitor the quality of life parameters and bring real time levels of radiation due to mobile communications in atmosphere to USER's smart phone. Electromagnetic radiation comprises of both electric (E) and magnetic field (H) components. By using the relation between free space intrinsic impedance, E and H it is evident that by measuring either electric field strength or magnetic field strength we can measure the power density at any specific location. Using this information an electromagnetically shielded system is developed to measure the electric field strength due to RF signal and power density is computed. The power density is transmitted to the embedded universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter (UART) connected to low power mode Bluetooth module. A smart phone using android operating system is programmed and used to receive the information from external sensor. Thus a mobile sensing platform (MSP) is developed to sense, learn, and interpret the environmental conditions. This work promotes the idea of environmentalism.","PeriodicalId":355706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131052304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy conservation of access point using CAPS algorithms","authors":"Anup Bhola, Shubhangi Srivastava, C. Jha","doi":"10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909264","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, energy conservation in network has been focus of extensive research. The main objective this research is to study the power consumption of WLAN and propose a new technique to reduce the power consumption of access points. In order to save energy of access point, first we build a centralize network with the aid of nodes, switches, servers, and APs and controller. Here, controller is node and the role of controller is store all the information about network like, number of nodes, node IP address, MAC address, name, AP MAC address, BSSID, SSID, coverage area and power status(active or sleep) etc. Controller node is capable of taking appropriate power saving decision, when user request to connect a particular active access point but that user comes under the range of active and sleep access point. At this moment, controller will shift the node request from sleep access point to active access point and inactive access point remains sleep. In this way, our controller base novel approach has significant impact in term of power saving and cost of communication network.","PeriodicalId":355706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127076744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel blackhole attack for multipath AODV and its mitigation","authors":"Chaitali Biswas Dutta, U. Biswas","doi":"10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909194","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless network, nodes are not connected by physical links. Routing is an important factor in wireless network. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) is one of the most widely used routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. AODV is a stateless protocol that establishes and maintains a single route between source and destination. If the path is disrupted, then another alternate path is determined. An alternative of AODV, called multipath AODV, has been proposed that establishes multiple routes between source and destination nodes in a single route discovery. So, multipath AODV can use alternative paths in case of failure without going for another route discovery phase. So multipath AODV gives better performance compared to single path AODV. The traditional AODV protocol is vulnerable to the well-known black hole attack. In case of multipath AODV, when one path is affected by blackhole attack, then source node can choose another alternative path. In this paper we propose a new type blackhole attack mainly targeting multipath AODV. To the best of our knowledge there is no blackhole attack which specifically targets multipath AODV. Broadly speaking, in the proposed blackhole attack, the attacker looks for nodes through which many alternative paths of multipath AODV passes through. Such nodes are selected and blackhole attack is launched targeting them, thereby damaging more number of paths in a single attempt. Further, the attacker selects only those genuine nodes through more than a threshold number of alternative paths pass through, thereby facilitating the attacker to use less number of nodes. So the attack scheme is power aware. Finally we also propose an IDS to detect the proposed energy aware blackhole attack. NS2 experimental results show the validity of the proposed attack.","PeriodicalId":355706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014)","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115168646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combined DWT and Naive Bayes based fault classifier for protection of double circuit transmission line","authors":"Anamika Yadav, A. Swetapadma","doi":"10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909179","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes combined discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Naive Bayes (NB) fault classifier for protection of double circuit transmission line. Three phase currents of both circuits and zero sequence current are given as input to the NB network for classification of fault. Inputs are pre-processed using approximate coefficient of DWT. NB classifier uses Gaussian distribution function for classification. Seven classifiers are designed for fault classification for each phase A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2 and ground G. Advantage of using Naive Bayes classifier is that it take few seconds for training no matter how big the data is. Different cases of fault are studied like phase faults, phase to ground faults, inter-circuit faults, cross country faults, fault near boundaries, different fault location, different inception angle and different fault resistance with high fault resistance. Accuracy of the proposed method is 99% and reach setting is also 99% of line length.","PeriodicalId":355706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117219772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power quality improvement of micro-grid using APF's with APC theory","authors":"H. Tiwari, P. Anjana, Vikas Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909224","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the active power component theory (APCT) has used for control shunt active power filter for harmonics, reactive power and nonlinear load compensation. The compensation technique is based on active currents or voltage signals compensation in the time domain because time domain response is quick, easy implementation and lower computational load compared to the frequency domain. Several simulation results are presented under steady state conditions and the performance of APCT is compared with existing methods. The simulation results show that the performance of the APCT is found to be better for compensating of neutral current. Results obtained on MATLAB Simulink are comparing with IEEE Standard.","PeriodicalId":355706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117338537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A noble technique for detecting anemia through classification of red blood cells in blood smear","authors":"Nivedita Deb, Saptarshi Chakraborty","doi":"10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909137","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia is responsible for various health hazards. Anemia decreases and also alters the shape of red blood cells (RBCs) present in our blood. Different type of RBC shapes account for different type of anemia. Automated blood cell analyzers can detect anemia and provide RBC, WBC and platelet count but anemia type identification, which requires classification of RBCs is carried out manually. The classification of RBCs provides invaluable information to pathologists for diagnosis and treatment of various types of anemia. The manual visual inspection is tedious, time consuming, repetitive and prone to human error. In this paper we have performed the automated classification of RBCs as falling into one of the anemia type. The segmentation and classification of the RBCs are the most important stages. The proposed system identifies RBCs using intensity ratio transformation followed by centroid contour distance for segmentation of RBC. Due to the large RBC shape variations, a shape independent framework for identification and segmentation is required. The proposed method can successfully separate the agglomerates of RBCs in spite of grouping of non-uniform RBC shapes. Two geometric features are used to distinguish between normal and anemic RBCs: Aspect Ratio and Fourier Descriptors. The Euclidean distance measure is used as a criterion to determine the similarity degree between the templates and testing samples. Also the presence of high number of nucleated RBCs (NRBCs) in severe anemic patients gives erroneous WBC count in automated cell-analyzers and requires correction which is carried out manually. This paper also presents the automated NRBC count and provides automatic solution of WBC count correction obtained from automated hematology analyzers.","PeriodicalId":355706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014)","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121329989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}