{"title":"Re-Offending by Released Terrorist Prisoners: Separating Hype from Reality","authors":"A. Silke, J. Morrison","doi":"10.19165/2020.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2020.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"In this Policy Brief, the authors critically analyse the definition of 'recidivism', and demonstrate the need for a concrete operational definition before one is able to truly analyse recidivist activity. Following this, the authors discuss terrorist recidivism in a range of international contexts, ranging from Northern Ireland to Sri Lanka, the United States to Israel. By taking this broader perspective it allows the reader to gain a greater understanding of what factors related to recidivism rates may be context-specific, and which are universal.","PeriodicalId":355254,"journal":{"name":"Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122299912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Future of the Islamic State's Women: Assessing Their Potential Threat","authors":"Jessica Davis","doi":"10.19165/2020.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2020.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"All former Islamic State members pose a unique threat or lack thereof based on their individual circumstances, but female members of the Islamic State seem to generate a particularly polarized response. Practitioners need to integrate gender analysis into their assessment of individual members of the Islamic State in order to understand the potential threat that these men and women pose and mitigate that threat effectively. To do so, practitioners need to understand the wide variety of roles that women have played in the Islamic State, how conflating women in the oft-used “women and children” of the Islamic State has in downplaying the agency of women, and how gendered media reporting can introduce bias into counter-terrorism practitioner’s assessment of the threat. This article will explore each of these issues and present an approach to assessing the potential threat posed by women in the Islamic state.","PeriodicalId":355254,"journal":{"name":"Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117270540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Violence and Terrorism from the Far-Right: Policy Options to Counter an Elusive Threat","authors":"D. Koehler","doi":"10.19165/2019.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2019.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":355254,"journal":{"name":"Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126132499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, Colin P. Clarke, Samuel Hogdson
{"title":"Militia Violent Extremists in the United States: Understanding the Evolution of the Threat","authors":"Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, Colin P. Clarke, Samuel Hogdson","doi":"10.19165/2022.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2022.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Militia violent extremists (MVEs) pose a growing threat within the United States. MVEs were the most prominent and well-organised participants in the January 6, 2021 attack on the US Capitol and have plotted numerous acts of lethal violence against law enforcement, government officials, and civilians in the past decade. MVEs are motivated by a belief that private citizens must use violence to resist government overreach, combat purported tyranny, or maintain law and order. While participants in the broader militia movement embrace similar beliefs, MVEs are distinguished by their willingness to carry out violence. MVEs typically organise in small local or regional militias, though many movement participants do not affiliate with a specific organisation. The modern militia movement developed at the end of the twentieth century, but social media has transformed the movement's structure and fuelled its growth. Movement members have organised loose umbrella networks at the national level, most notably the Oath Keepers and Three Percenters, while others have coalesced around specific memes or ideas, including the accelerationist Boogaloo movement, border defence, opposition to federal stewardship of public land, and opposition to COVID-19 public health measures. MVE violence has been similarly diverse. In addition to the attack on the US Capitol, MVEs have attempted to kill law enforcement officers, plotted to kidnap government officials, and engaged in multiple standoffs with law enforcement in response to government action. Because the MVE movement is largely domestic, US policymakers have several options for countering this threat. The US government can limit radicalisation through transparency around its domestic activity, thereby countering the anti-authority sentiments and conspiracy theories that fuel the movement. Further, federal legislation targeting militia activity and improved counter-extremism training can provide law enforcement with the tools necessary to address MVE-linked criminal activity.","PeriodicalId":355254,"journal":{"name":"Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies","volume":"269 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116836521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mass Displacement and Violent Extremism in the Sahel: A Vicious Circle","authors":"Meryl Demuynk","doi":"10.19165/2022.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2022.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"With the Sahel crisis entering its tenth year, the indiscriminate violence faced by local populations trapped between various al-Qaeda and Islamic State-affiliated organisations, other non-state armed groups, and counter-terrorism operations, is forcing ever-growing numbers of civilians to flee, resulting in over 2.8 million people being forcibly displaced across Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. Frequently representing the only coping strategy available, displacement however exposes internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees to even more precarious situations, while also raising important challenges for their host communities. Through an initial exploration of the complex interconnections between mass displacement and violent extremism, this policy brief aims to assess how displacement simultaneously constitutes one of the most tangible symptoms as well as a potentially aggravating factor of the Sahel crisis. More specifically, it considers the potential for mass displacement, which results from rising (extremist) violence, to perpetuate conditions conducive to violent extremism by increasing local tensions and grievances that have been known to be exploited by violent extremist groups.","PeriodicalId":355254,"journal":{"name":"Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127009149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cooperation with the Taliban to Counter Terrorism in Afghanistan","authors":"B. Saul","doi":"10.19165/2022.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2022.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"This policy brief examines prospects for international cooperation with the unrecognised Taliban government in order to counter terrorism in Afghanistan, consistent with international law. It first sketches the levers for influencing the Taliban to suppress terrorism, before considering the possibilities for lawful foreign law enforcement and military cooperation.","PeriodicalId":355254,"journal":{"name":"Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115955081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re-Calibrating Counter-Terrorism in Afghanistan to Preserve Long-Term Justice and Accountability","authors":"Megan L. Manion","doi":"10.19165/2022.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2022.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"This policy brief focuses on the continued primacy of the counter-terrorism lens for state multilateral responses to the political situation in Afghanistan and the connected implications for long-term justice and accountability. Its analysis highlights the continuum of practices and agendas that offer solutions and processes that not only respond to and prevent the conditions conducive to violence (including terrorism) prevention, but also preserve long-term justice and accountability. The brief demonstrates how the legacy of and continued misalignment of counter-terrorism and international-centric security priorities, paired with lack of investment in long-term justice and accountability, human rights and inclusion, may threaten the effectiveness of policies that could otherwise contribute to improvements in Afghanistan. While this brief focuses on the role of counter-terrorism experts and practitioners in multi-lateral spaces, much of the analysis and recommendations are applicable to those bilateral and regional efforts in Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":355254,"journal":{"name":"Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122849801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Repatriation of child returnees from Northeast Syria: A child-rights approach to their management, rehabilitation and reintegration","authors":"Tanya Mehra","doi":"10.19165/2022.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2022.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"State practices relating to the repatriation of child returnees from Northeast Syria continue to be inconsistent and incomplete. With an increasing number of European countries escalating their efforts to bring home women and children from the camps, it is imperative that these practices include holistic policies towards child returnees that address the wide range of issues presented not only in the short- but also in the mid- and long-term. This includes recognition that experiences, and therefore their resulting needs, can differ depending on many factors unique to each child and also that many countries have a number of policies and measures that can inform each other’s child returnee management practices and should be utilised. This policy brief provides a child rights-based approach to the management of child returnees based on the concept of the best interest of the child and offers some observations and recommendations for states on how to develop comprehensive policies for the management of child returnees.","PeriodicalId":355254,"journal":{"name":"Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114664582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Suicide Bombings in Mindanao","authors":"Kenneth Yeo Yaoren","doi":"10.19165/2021.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2021.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"This Policy Brief analyses the suicide bombing phenomenon in the Philippines. The frequency of suicide bombing in January 2019 is unprecedented in Mindanao. The Sawadjaan faction of the Abu Sayyaf had since proactively attempted suicide bombing attacks to varying levels of success. This article highlights the three trends of suicide bombing in Mindanao and outlines measures the authorities can take to combat the threat.","PeriodicalId":355254,"journal":{"name":"Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114154699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The US National Strategy on Countering Domestic Terrorism as Model for the EU","authors":"Eviane Leidig, Charlie van Mieghem","doi":"10.19165/2021.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2021.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"In this Policy Brief, we highlight the US Strategy as a blueprint for improving the EU counter-terrorism model and identify four shared areas in these frameworks: 1) Information gathering, 2) Prevention, 3) Enforcement, and 4) Building resilience. We recommend that the US and EU could mutually learn from one another’s approaches on issues such as multi-agency cooperation, regulation of technology companies, and countering dis/misinformation. Both the US and the EU counter-terrorism agendas should furthermore apply a gender lens throughout their respective strategies in order to ensure more nuanced and accurate programming.","PeriodicalId":355254,"journal":{"name":"Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114862773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}