Humans and Nature最新文献_第3页

Class Barriers to Merit in the American Professoriate: An Archaeology Example and Proposals for Reform 美国教授的阶级障碍:一个考古学的例子和改革建议

Humans and Nature Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.3390/humans3010001

Michael J. Shott

引用次数: 2

From the Trowel’s Edge to the Scholarly Sidelines: Community-Based Research in Academic Archaeology, 2012–2021 从铲刀边缘到学术边缘:学术考古学的社区研究，2012-2021

Humans and Nature Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.3390/humans2040018

A. Wright

引用次数: 1

Using Mixed Methods to Understand Spatio-Cultural Process in the Informal Settlements: Case Studies from Islamabad, Pakistan 用混合方法理解非正式住区的空间文化过程——以巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡为例

Humans and Nature Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.3390/humans2040017

Ramisa Shafqat, D. Marinova

引用次数: 1

Local Knowledge in American Archaeology: A Study in High Context Communication 美国考古学中的地方知识:高语境传播研究

Humans and Nature Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.3390/humans2040016

Lawrence E. Moore

引用次数: 1

Reassessing Neolithic Diets in Western Scotland 重新评估苏格兰西部新石器时代的饮食

Humans and Nature Pub Date : 2022-11-20 DOI: 10.3390/humans2040015

C. Pickard, C. Bonsall

{"title":"Reassessing Neolithic Diets in Western Scotland","authors":"C. Pickard, C. Bonsall","doi":"10.3390/humans2040015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/humans2040015","url":null,"abstract":"Although marine resources are known to have been exploited by both foragers and early farmers in Scotland, the importance of seafood to the diets of Neolithic groups has been widely debated. Here we present paired stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and radiocarbon measurements on Early Neolithic human remains from Raschoille Cave in Oban. These are compared with published data for other sites in western Scotland and used to re-evaluate the use of marine resources by the first farmers. The diets of Late Mesolithic foragers and Early Neolithic farmers were modelled from stable isotope data using both Linear and Bayesian (FRUITS) mixing models. Our FRUITS dietary models indicate that Mesolithic foragers obtained much of their dietary protein and calories from marine resources, consistent with the predominance of shellfish, fish and sea mammal remains in their shell middens. Of note is the large proportion of dietary calories obtained from plant foods, which is like that of the early farming groups. The diets of Early Neolithic farmers appear relatively homogeneous across Scotland. Plant foods were the primary source of calories. Meat and/or dairy from terrestrial mammals were the most important source of dietary protein. Marine resources were, at most, a minor component of the ‘lifetime’ diet.","PeriodicalId":35511,"journal":{"name":"Humans and Nature","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90151207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mormon Fundamentalist, Polygamous Marriage and What It May Tell Us about Being Human 摩门教原教旨主义者，一夫多妻制婚姻及其对人类的启示

Humans and Nature Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/humans2040013

William R. Jankowiak

{"title":"Mormon Fundamentalist, Polygamous Marriage and What It May Tell Us about Being Human","authors":"William R. Jankowiak","doi":"10.3390/humans2040013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/humans2040013","url":null,"abstract":"The research that forms this paper was conducted over six years 1993-1999 in a Mormon Fundamentalist community in Western USA. I wanted to understand if it was possible to love multiple individuals at the same time or if, instead, there was a preference for emotional involvement. I live inside the community dwelling with different families which enable me to view ordinary life and daily interactions that are often not noted in survey research. I supplement this approach by collecting the life history of people’s relationships and feelings toward one another. My results are present as a set of ethnographic narratives that highlight the emotional fulfillment and angst of individual experience trying to love more than one person at the same time. I found that the impulse to form dyadic love is relentless; women are the primary agents behind the push towards a more exclusive couple centered or dyad love intimacy; the “favorite” wife was readily identified in 52 out of 60 families. This presents something of a paradox: humans are both a pair-bond species who desire to form dyadic unions, even when they are not culturally sanctioned, and who have an adaptive cognitive capacity to create alternative ways of living.","PeriodicalId":35511,"journal":{"name":"Humans and Nature","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80787669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Seeing with the Strong Programme 看到与强计划

Humans and Nature Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/humans2040014

A. Kehoe

引用次数: 3

Metallurgical Characterization of a Copper-Alloy Aramaic-Inscribed Object from Tulûl Mas‘ud (Elyakhin) tul<s:1> l Mas 'ud (Elyakhin)铜合金阿拉姆铭文的冶金特征

Humans and Nature Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.3390/humans2040012

D. Ashkenazi, Rafael Y. Lewis, E. Eshel, O. Tal

{"title":"Metallurgical Characterization of a Copper-Alloy Aramaic-Inscribed Object from Tulûl Mas‘ud (Elyakhin)","authors":"D. Ashkenazi, Rafael Y. Lewis, E. Eshel, O. Tal","doi":"10.3390/humans2040012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/humans2040012","url":null,"abstract":"An Aramaic-inscribed object made of copper-alloy was discovered in 1993 in the south-western part of Tulûl Mas‘ud (Moshav Elyakhin) and has recently been studied using an archaeometallurgical approach. Based on visual testing and multifocal light microscopy observation, the object was probably produced in a nearby workshop, with the inscription engraved using a sharp tool during the production process. Given the larger assemblage of inscribed copper-alloy artefacts from the site, this item appears not only to have been used as a cultic object, but was also most probably made for the purpose of cultic offerings. The XRF analysis results of the Aramaic-inscribed object after it was sanded revealed the core metal to have been made of relatively pure copper with a tin content of less than 1.0 wt. % Sn. The choice to produce the object using a low-tin copper-alloy indicates that the alloy was chosen based on technological considerations, in order to facilitate plasticity in fashioning the part into its cylindrical shape. The manufacturing process involved bending the object while it was hot and shaping it into its final form by means of several cycles of forging and annealing. Although the current research has revealed the bulk composition and the general manufacturing process of the object, the microstructure of the core alloy could not be observed because destructive testing was not permitted. Although only a single copper object was analysed, the current archaeometallurgical study allows to gain further information on metallurgical knowledge and manufacturing processes of copper objects in the Persian period Levant.","PeriodicalId":35511,"journal":{"name":"Humans and Nature","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86526125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Evolution of Well-Being: An Anthropology-Based, Multidisciplinary Review 幸福的演变:基于人类学的多学科回顾

Humans and Nature Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.3390/humans2040011

Seth Dornisch

{"title":"The Evolution of Well-Being: An Anthropology-Based, Multidisciplinary Review","authors":"Seth Dornisch","doi":"10.3390/humans2040011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/humans2040011","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary perspectives have generated many questions and some answers in the study of human health and disease. The field of evolutionary medicine, and related analytics of evolutionary psychiatry and evolutionary psychology have extended and expanded the way health disorders are viewed by searching for why humans, as a species, are vulnerable to certain pathological conditions. The search is organized into four domains that apply proximate and evolutionary explanations to human traits and developmental sequences. This framework opens inquiry to the ontogeny, phylogeny, mechanism, and adaptive significance of human health conditions. In this paper I argue that evolutionary medicine seems to parallel biomedicine in its primarily pathogenic focus. That is, conditions of pain, suffering, and disorder have received the most attention. Some work has used the architecture of evolutionary medicine to take a salutogenic approach, evaluating the proximate and evolutionary explanations of human well-being. I propose that an evolutionary understanding of human well-being requires a survey of emotions and their relationship with neurobiology, language, and culture. My anthropology-based, multidisciplinary review of biopsychosocial processes reveals the way evolution has shaped modern human understanding of well-being through sociolinguistic learning processes and thereby our individual experiences of well-being. These insights have the power to contextualize human suffering and flourishing as we progress toward the goal of attenuating the former and expanding the latter.","PeriodicalId":35511,"journal":{"name":"Humans and Nature","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84956389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Space Colonization and Exonationalism: On the Future of Humanity and Anthropology 太空殖民与外民族主义:论人类与人类学的未来

Humans and Nature Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.3390/humans2030010

J. Eller

{"title":"Space Colonization and Exonationalism: On the Future of Humanity and Anthropology","authors":"J. Eller","doi":"10.3390/humans2030010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/humans2030010","url":null,"abstract":"First anthropology became unbound from “the village”, then from the single site, and gradually from the physical site altogether. As humans resume their push into space, anthropology is set to become unbound from the earth itself. This essay considers what the discipline has offered and can offer toward understanding the present and future of space colonization. It begins by examining the surprisingly long and productive history of anthropology’s engagement with the subject, going back at least to the 1950s. Then it surveys current analysis of law, sovereignty, and nationalism in space, which largely imagines law and identity in off-earth settlements as more-or-less direct extensions or transfers of earth law and identity; in other words, space settlers will remain affiliated with and loyal to their source countries (or companies). However, taking seriously the analogy of terran migration and colonialism, where colonies developed distinct and separatist identities, the essay predicts the emergence of exonationalism, in which over generations colonists will invent new identities and shift their affiliations to their non-terran homes and ultimately seek independence from the earth. The essay concludes with reflections on how the settlement of space, still a distant goal, will reshape our definition of the human and therefore the practice of anthropology as the science of human diversity.","PeriodicalId":35511,"journal":{"name":"Humans and Nature","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88371301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1