{"title":"Finance and Politics: A Review Essay Based on Kenneth Dam's Analysis of Legal Traditions in the Law-Growth Nexus","authors":"M. Roe, J. Siegel","doi":"10.1257/JEL.47.3.781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/JEL.47.3.781","url":null,"abstract":"Strong financial markets are widely thought to propel economic development, with many in finance seeing legal tradition as fundamental to protecting investors sufficiently for finance to flourish. Kenneth Dam finds that the legal tradition view inaccurately portrays how legal systems work, how laws developed historically, and how government power is allocated in the various legal traditions. Yet, after probing the legal origins' literature for inaccuracies, Dam does not deeply develop an alternative hypothesis to explain the world's differences in financial development. Nor does he challenge the origins core data, which could be origins' trump card. Hence, his analysis will not convince many economists, despite that his legal learning suggests conceptual and factual difficulties for the legal origins explanations. Yet, a dense political economy explanation is already out there and the origins-based data has unexplored weaknesses consistent with Dam's contentions. Knowing if the origins view is truly fundamental, flawed, or secondary is vital for financial development policy making because policymakers who believe it will pick policies that imitate what they think to be the core institutions of the preferred legal tradition. But if they have mistaken views, as Dam indicates they might, as to what the legal traditions' institutions really are and which types of laws are effective, or what is really most important to financial development, they will make policy mistakes -- potentially serious ones.","PeriodicalId":354906,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Comparative eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124386749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jochen R. Andritzky, Andreas (Andy) Jobst, Sylwia Nowak, Yacine Ait-Sahalia, Natalia T. Tamirisa
{"title":"How to Stop a Herd of Running Bears? Market Response to Policy Initiatives During the Global Financial Crisis","authors":"Jochen R. Andritzky, Andreas (Andy) Jobst, Sylwia Nowak, Yacine Ait-Sahalia, Natalia T. Tamirisa","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1461222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1461222","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of macroeconomic and financial sector policy announcements in the United States, the United Kingdom, the euro area, and Japan during the recent crisis on interbank credit and liquidity risk premia. Announcements of interest rate cuts, liquidity support, liability guarantees, and recapitalization were associated with a reduction of interbank risk premia, albeit to a different degree during the subprime and global phases of the crisis. Decisions not to reduce interest rates and bail out individual banks in an ad hoc manner had adverse repercussions, both domestically and abroad. The results are robust to controlling for the surprise content of announcements and using alternative measures of financial distress.","PeriodicalId":354906,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Comparative eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116280998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relative Importance of Firm and Country Characteristics for Earnings Quality Around the World","authors":"Cristina Gaio","doi":"10.1080/09638180903384643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180903384643","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the relative importance of firm, industry, and country characteristics in explaining earnings quality around the world in a wide sample of firms in 38 countries over 1990-2003. An aggregate earnings quality measure based on seven earnings attributes (accrual quality, persistence, predictability, smoothness, value relevance, timeliness, and conservatism) indicates firm and industry characteristics today explain much more of the variation in earnings quality rankings than country characteristics. The main results hold for different levels of a country’s economic development and investor protection. We also find that firm and industry characteristics became more important in the late 1990s as accounting and financial globalization accelerated. Thus, firm and industry characteristics have incremental explanatory power beyond cross-country variation in determining earnings quality worldwide.","PeriodicalId":354906,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Comparative eJournal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125383927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ownership Structure and Dividend Smoothing: Cross-Country Evidence","authors":"Nahid Rahman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2543785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2543785","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the dividend smoothing behavior of firms using a large sample of firms covering 28 countries. Our results show that the levels of dividend smoothing in the firms vary substantially across countries. This finding confirms and extends the findings of previous research that the dividend policy of the U.S. firms differs materially from the dividend policies of the firms in other countries. We propose that an extension of the agency view of dividends may explain the diversity of dividend smoothing behavior of our sample firms. We argue that the agency view of dividends implies that both firm- and country-level ownership structures are potentially important determinants of the dividend smoothing decisions of the firms. The results presented in this paper support this view. Both firm- and country-level ownership concentrations are negatively associated with dividend smoothing. Our results show that the effects of country-level ownership are much stronger than the effects of firm level ownership. The relation between ownership structure and dividend smoothing is robust to a variety of alternative explanations.","PeriodicalId":354906,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Comparative eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133996189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}