Journal of Children and Poverty最新文献

{"title":"On becoming a teen mom: life before pregnancy","authors":"H. Sipsma","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2015.1057110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2015.1057110","url":null,"abstract":"On Becoming a Teen Mom: Life Before Pregnancy, by Mary Patrice Erdmans and Timothy Black, is a much-needed examination of the lives of teenage mothers. Too often the dialogue surrounding teen mothe...","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":"21 1","pages":"135 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2015.1057110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60266844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring poverty and inequality in northern Canada","authors":"A. Daley, P. Burton, S. Phipps","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2015.1089147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2015.1089147","url":null,"abstract":"We provide the first direct comparisons of poverty and inequality in the North (i.e. Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut) with elsewhere in Canada. We do so by first constructing a northern equivalence scale. Based on an Engel methodology, we estimate the extra income needed by families in the North to devote the same share to necessities as those in southern Canada. Using econometric techniques and public use microdata from the Survey of Household Spending, we find that cost of living is 1.46 times higher in the North. We use this scale to adjust the incomes of northern residents so that purchasing power is, for the purposes of our model, equal to that in the South. We subsequently measure poverty and inequality in northern versus southern Canada over the period 1997–2009. Our findings indicate that incidence of poverty is much higher in the North. For example, 31.1% of northern families with children are poor, compared with 9.9% in the South. Moreover, while approximately 10% of the southern population is represented in each income decile, 31.1% of northern families with children are in the bottom 10%. Only 3% have incomes that would place them among the richest 10% of Canadians.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":"21 1","pages":"110 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2015.1089147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60267293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a summer emergent literacy intervention for rising kindergarteners","authors":"Sara C. McDaniel, C. Carter, R. McLeod, C. Robinson","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2015.1074167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2015.1074167","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effectiveness of a nine-week summer emergent literacy program implemented in a Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) summer program that serves families from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Participants were four- and five-year-old children attending a YMCA summer camp. After being placed in appropriate respective skill-level groups, children received one-hour, daily emergent literacy instruction from their camp counselors, who were trained as novice reading teachers. The teachers used emergent literacy activities to support letter-naming fluency and growth in letter-sound correspondence recognition in addition to mastery of read-aloud texts. The 28 participants experienced positive growth on both dependent measures (letter-naming fluency and letter-sound fluency), indicating the efficiency of the intervention as a tool for improving school readiness for children from low-income families. Additionally, the results suggest that beginning reading teachers may be able to conduct effective emergent literacy instruction, making the intervention replicable. Limitations and associated future research directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":"21 1","pages":"75 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2015.1074167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60267283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between motherhood and re-incarceration","authors":"Haeil Jung, R. Lalonde","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2015.1092950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2015.1092950","url":null,"abstract":"Using matched administrative records from the Illinois Department of Corrections and the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services, this paper finds that mothers' rates of re-incarceration are higher than those of women without children. It is also found that incarcerated mothers whose children have been in foster care have a higher re-incarceration rate than do women without children. The re-incarceration rate is particularly higher among mothers whose children were placed in foster care at the time of their first incarceration and mothers who had children in foster care but lost their custody before their first incarceration. These findings are more pronounced among white women with records of drug-related offenses or drug addiction than among their African-American counterparts.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":"56 1","pages":"111 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2015.1092950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60267343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing parental involvement of English Language Learner families: What the research says","authors":"Beth Tarasawa, J. Waggoner","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2015.1058243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2015.1058243","url":null,"abstract":"The nearly 10 million English Language Learners (ELLs) represent the fastest-growing segment of the US's public school student population. While research continually finds that ELL parents, generally speaking, place a high value on their children's education, many immigrant, refugee, and ELL parents experience their relationships with their children's schools very differently from mainstream English-speaking families. Schools often struggle to meet the unique instructional and linguistic needs of these students, and communities with large ELL populations face the additional challenge of communicating with parents, who may have limited fluency in English and comparatively low levels of literacy in their native languages [Arias, M. B., and M. Morillo-Campbell. 2008. Promoting ELL Parental Involvement: Challenges in Contested Times. Education Policy Research Unit. http://epsl.asu.edu/epru/documents/EPSL-0801-250-EPRU.pdf.]. Additionally, immigrant and ELL parents may have had negative experiences with educational institutions or less exposure to formal schooling. Thus, for schools to increase parental involvement most effectively, both traditional and nontraditional approaches to family engagement must be implemented within practices that are culturally and linguistically appropriate. This article provides an overview of the barriers that limit ELL parental involvement, recommends strategies that promote family engagement, and concludes with a case study of one public school district's successful outreach efforts.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":"72 38 1","pages":"129 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2015.1058243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60266955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing racial disproportionality and disparities in human services","authors":"Monique Constance-Huggins","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2015.1057109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2015.1057109","url":null,"abstract":"authors argue for policy changes aimed at promoting men’s economic stability, including those that would ensure that child support orders do not imperil fathers’ financial solvency, and those that would make nonresident fathers eligible to receive tax credits for child support contributions. Whereas the authors acknowledge the benefits that children receive from child support payments, fathers’ financial contributions often do not directly benefit children whose parents receive public assistance on their behalf. Most states limit the amount of child support that is passed to children receiving public aid, instead using child support funds to reimburse the state’s outlays for that child. The book might have been strengthened by an analysis of the implications of such state policies for economically vulnerable families. On balance, Failing Our Fathers offers a succinct overview of the challenges facing economically vulnerable fathers. This book would be especially useful for scholars, policy-makers, and others aiming to gain an understanding of recent research on nonresidential fathers. The research and analyses presented here offer a solid starting point for dialogue about policy changes that would better support vulnerable fathers and their families.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":"30 1","pages":"140 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2015.1057109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60266784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The workfare state: public assistance politics from the New Deal to the New Democrats","authors":"Robin L. Phinney","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2015.1065474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2015.1065474","url":null,"abstract":"inequalities. This book represents an important step in destigmatizing teen pregnancy and is a call to action to protect and empower our teenage girls. The authors advocate for public discourse and political action and recommend several policies that have yet to garner widespread, bipartisan support. They acknowledge this uphill battle but unfortunately offer few novel approaches to fighting it. Nonetheless, this book is a must-read for anyone committed to supporting and understanding the plight of teenage mothers, and for those dedicated to empowering teenage girls through structural and systemic change. These stories represent a starting point for dialogues among families, educational systems, healthcare providers, and government leaders. The authors – and I – hope that this exploration of the lives of teenage mothers will help shift the blame away from individual behavior and improve lives through engaging families, workplaces, schools, and communities.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":"21 1","pages":"136 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2015.1065474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60267222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failing our fathers: confronting the crisis of economically vulnerable nonresident fathers","authors":"Damian M. Waters","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2015.1070812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2015.1070812","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":"21 1","pages":"139 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2015.1070812","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60267228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond civil rights: the Moynihan report and its legacy","authors":"Mary Phillips","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2015.1069262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2015.1069262","url":null,"abstract":"grams in the 1970s eroded political support for welfare while challenging the underlying logic of needs-based assistance. Workfare principles became firmly entrenched in the 1990s with the dismantling of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (or welfare) program and expansion of the EITC. Bertram shows that at each critical moment of reform, the real political battle lines were drawn between Democrats with opposing conceptions of public assistance, rather than between opposing political parties. While liberal Democrats emphasized a ‘welfarist’ conception of assistance based on need, conservative southern Democrats pushed forth a ‘workfarist’ conception of assistance tied to employment. Though Republicans were at times partners in this effort, the primary architects of workfare were congressional southern Democrats intent on maintaining the existing structure of the low-wage labor market in the South. ‘Workfare was, in short,’ the author argues, ‘a Democratic project’ (244). Bertram’s decision to situate the political story of workfare’s evolution amidst a backdrop of broader regional and national economic conditions adds to the depth of her analysis and extends the relevance of her findings to a broad audience. Drawing out the unique features of the southern economy provides context for understanding conservative Democrats’ opposition to needs-based welfare programs as well as their support for work-oriented reform. Moreover, through her analysis of national economic trends and the changing structure of low-wage labor market, Bertram identifies the broader implications of the workfare state. Specifically, the author argues that a move away from stable and long-term jobs for low-wage workers is ultimately inconsistent with an antipoverty approach that conditions public assistance on work activity. In an economy characterized by contingent and short-term employment, assistance is denied precisely when it is needed most. Rather than offering families a path out of poverty, the workfare state ultimately traps the working poor in the low-wage labor market while failing to provide for those unable to find work. By expertly weaving political and economic stories into one, Bertram uncovers both the causes and consequences of the workfare state – findings that will be of interest to a broad range of scholars of the American welfare state.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":"21 1","pages":"137 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2015.1069262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60267226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It's not like I'm poor: how working families make ends meet in a post-welfare world","authors":"K. Wagner","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2015.1071243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2015.1071243","url":null,"abstract":"illuminates the disparities that exist within racial groups. This investigation conveys the important message that not all Asians, for example, have the same experiences. This analysis of within-group differences, the authors suggest, is critical to improving cultural competency/cultural sensitivity among those working with racial minorities. Another of the book’s contributions to the disparity discourse is its cross-system approach to analyzing and addressing racial disparities. The authors acknowledge that the poor outcomes of racial minorities are not restricted to one system, such as education; therefore, their comprehensive analysis takes into account the child welfare, juvenile justice, education, mental health, and healthcare systems. Given the intersection of systems, approaches to bridging social and economic gaps must also be cross-system in nature. This approach is different from that of many other discussions of disparity, which focus their interventions on a single system. Rather than merely describing the problem of racial disproportionality and disparities, the book offers suggestions for improving practice for racial minorities in various systems. The suggestions for future direction are practical and provide a framework for practitioners and policy-makers to mitigate racial disproportionality and disparities in human services. One area of human services that is noticeably absent from the book’s analysis is the public cash-assistance program. It is well established that racial disproportionality and disparity exist in public welfare and that children whose parents receive welfare have poorer outcomes in many areas, such as education and child welfare. The inclusion of this system – a means-tested program – would have further illuminated the role of poverty in shaping outcomes for racial minorities across various systems. Further, it would have provided another point of intervention for improving the outcomes of racial minorities. Overall, Addressing Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in Human Services makes a strong contribution to the literature on this topic. An awareness of the disparities within social services should inspire social workers and policy-makers to improve the conditions of racial minorities. This move to action is a critical step in meeting what the authors call ‘needs of the changing demographics in the United States.’","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":"21 1","pages":"141 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2015.1071243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60267236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}