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Small Countries’ EU Council Presidency and the Realisation of their National Interests: The Case of Slovenia 小国担任欧盟理事会主席及其国家利益的实现:以斯洛文尼亚为例
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cirr-2015-0015
M. Svetličič, Kira Cerjak
{"title":"Small Countries’ EU Council Presidency and the Realisation of their National Interests: The Case of Slovenia","authors":"M. Svetličič, Kira Cerjak","doi":"10.1515/cirr-2015-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2015-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main goal of the article is to establish how a small country, Slovenia, promoted its national interests when it held the Presidency of the Council of the EU, how this experience fits into the theory of small states and what lessons can be drawn for other small states. Based on a questionnaire administered to key Slovenian actors in the presidency, the analysis confirmed some of the theoretical expectations and revealed certain disparities. Our analysis confirms theoretical predictions that a member state can push through its national interests more easily during its presidency because it possesses certain powers that enable it to set the agenda, which is the most effective way of realising national interests. Especially true in the case of small state presidencies, advocating national interests can also be facilitated by a smaller range of priorities and a greater level of coincidence with the interests of other key actors. We revealed that, besides the country’s size, other factors also limited its ability to fulfil its national interests. In addition to a weak ability for coalition building and lobbying, the two main factors of constraint were the lack of soft knowledge among Slovenian officials and weak coordination among policy agents.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"39 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66845870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
‘Justice seen is Justice done?’ - Assessing the Impact of Outreach Activities by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) “眼见的正义就是实现的正义?”-评估卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭(卢旺达问题国际法庭)外联活动的影响
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cirr-2015-0017
Philipp Schulz
{"title":"‘Justice seen is Justice done?’ - Assessing the Impact of Outreach Activities by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)","authors":"Philipp Schulz","doi":"10.1515/cirr-2015-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2015-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract By referring to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) as a case study, this paper seeks to explore the impact of outreach activities by international criminal tribunals. Building upon primary field research findings, including twenty-seven in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 108 respondents, this paper applies a theory-driven investigation of the impact of outreach activities by the ICTR. Contrary to the theoretical argument, on a national level throughout society over time, outreach activities by the ICTR did neither increase awareness and understanding, nor shape positive perceptions towards the Tribunal and its expected contribution to reconciliation. Furthermore, a comparison of groups of outreach participants and control groups shows that outreach did increase the level of knowledge among beneficiaries of such activities. An increased understanding, however, cannot be correlated with more positive perceptions towards the Tribunal or its role in promoting reconciliation.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"63 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cirr-2015-0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66846116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Prosecuting War Crimes and Meeting Obligations under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms at the Same Time – the Case of Croatia 起诉战争罪并同时履行《保护人权和基本自由公约》规定的义务-克罗地亚的情况
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cirr-2015-0016
Lara Barberić, Davorka Čolak, Jasmina Dolmagić
{"title":"Prosecuting War Crimes and Meeting Obligations under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms at the Same Time – the Case of Croatia","authors":"Lara Barberić, Davorka Čolak, Jasmina Dolmagić","doi":"10.1515/cirr-2015-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2015-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article aims to give an overview of how human rights violations that occurred during the Homeland War in Croatia are redressed by conducting criminal prosecution in the Republic of Croatia. Namely, criminal prosecution as one of the elements of transitional justice is essential not only for establishing the accountability of war crime perpetrators, but also as a warning that such violations shall not be tolerated in the future. Moreover, drawing on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, this article examines how the efforts made by national prosecution bodies to investigate war crimes are assessed by this court. It concludes with the idea that both prosecution of war crimes and protection of human rights, as guaranteed by The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the European Court of Human Rights, seek to achieve the same goal, i.e. protecting the most basic human rights of the war crimes victims and other individuals.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"41 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66846029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Demographic Security Trends in Southeastern Europe 东南欧人口安全趋势
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.1515/cirr-2015-0011
D. Malnar, A. Malnar
{"title":"Demographic Security Trends in Southeastern Europe","authors":"D. Malnar, A. Malnar","doi":"10.1515/cirr-2015-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2015-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the past three decades we have witnessed an evolution of the concept of security in general and of demographic security as a specific field of security studies. The approach to security has been changing both in regards to a widening of subjects and referent objects of security, and a widening of the security domain. Consideration of the demographic component in the security sphere has evolved in accordance with this development; the scope of perspectives through which demographic security is viewed and defined has expanded - the population composition, population dynamics and human capital paradigm. Aspects of demographics and security are in continuous interaction and interdependence which significantly determines demographic security and national security. The aim of this paper is to establish a specific link between demographic security and security in ten post-socialist countries of South Eastern Europe (SEE). In accordance with this aim, an analysis has been made of the compositional elements and population dynamics in order to determine demographic security of the observed states. The analysis indicates unfavourable demographic security, and negative demographic composition and dynamics in most of observed states, which suggests that demographic security will have a continuing negative impact on the security of the countries analysed and the region as a whole.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"57 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2015-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cirr-2015-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66845496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
China’s Global Order: a New Paradigm in South to South Relations 中国的全球秩序:南南关系的新范式
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/cirr-2015-0012
E. Contipelli, S. Picciau
{"title":"China’s Global Order: a New Paradigm in South to South Relations","authors":"E. Contipelli, S. Picciau","doi":"10.1515/cirr-2015-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2015-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyses the evolution of Chinese political foreign policy and its strategy in approaching developing and less developed nations. In this context, the relationship between China and Latin America appears to reveal the practice of the Beijing Consensus when considering their interests: China needs natural resources and new markets for its products, and Latin America needs financial aid and loans to develop its infrastructure and provide social programmes. The absence of the US in the region and the rise of political movements denouncing the American imperialism of the Washington Consensus are all factors that contribute to the expansion of Chinese influence. All these considerations allow a discussion concerning the new role of China in developing countries as an expression of a new emerging order in which China is assuming an important role.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"108 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cirr-2015-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66845520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Obama’s Dual Discourse on American Exceptionalism 奥巴马关于美国例外论的双重论述
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/cirr-2015-0010
Miloš Hrnjaz, M. Krstić
{"title":"Obama’s Dual Discourse on American Exceptionalism","authors":"Miloš Hrnjaz, M. Krstić","doi":"10.1515/cirr-2015-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2015-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyses the highly contested concept of American exceptionalism, as described in the speeches of Barak Obama. The authors of the paper use discourse analysis to show that Obama is using the idea of American exceptionalism on two levels: US foreign policy and the US stance towards international law. Our conclusion is that Obama uses an implicit dual discourse in both these fields. Obama favours active US foreign policy, based on soft power instruments and multilateralism. He insists that American exceptionalism does not mean that the US can exempt itself from the norms of international law, however, he does not think the US should always have a very active foreign policy. He makes room for unilateral acting and the use of hard power instruments in foreign policy. He allows for the use of force even if is not in accordance with the norms of international law, when US national interests are threatened.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"25 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cirr-2015-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66845447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Introduction: Congressional Views on NATO Enlargement: Limited Domestic Interest with Few Votes to Gain 导言:国会对北约东扩的看法:国内利益有限，得票不多
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/cirr-2015-0009
Ryan C. Hendrickson
{"title":"Introduction: Congressional Views on NATO Enlargement: Limited Domestic Interest with Few Votes to Gain","authors":"Ryan C. Hendrickson","doi":"10.1515/cirr-2015-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2015-0009","url":null,"abstract":"At NATO’s 2014 Wales Summit, the alliance, across a number of issue-areas, reaffirmed its interest in expanding its outreach activities and partnerships. Whether it is the possibility of new partnerships on missile defense, the improvement of NATO’s Naval and cyber-defense capabilities to work more effectively with other international organizations, partners, or nonpartner states, or in general the backing for new partnerships, the Wales Summit Declaration expressed broad sentiment for an increasingly global military organization (Edström, Haaland and Petersson 2011). On future enlargement plans, most significantly the document states:","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"23 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66845404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
“Why do I have to trust you?” The perspective from civil society on active citizenship in post–communist Albania “我为什么要相信你?”公民社会对后共产主义阿尔巴尼亚积极公民身份的看法
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/cirr-2015-0014
Elona Dhembo, V. Duci, Juliana Ajdini
{"title":"“Why do I have to trust you?” The perspective from civil society on active citizenship in post–communist Albania","authors":"Elona Dhembo, V. Duci, Juliana Ajdini","doi":"10.1515/cirr-2015-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2015-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Civil society (CS) is the main medium in which active citizenship can flourish and have an impact on good governance and democracy. The communist past has played a major role in CS underdevelopment across Eastern European countries but research primarily targeting the elites has explained little of how citizenry has developed and mapped little of the cross-country variation. This paper attempts to increase understanding, looking at the case of Albania, where low levels of active citizenships are documented1, as the main indicator of this underdevelopment. Data from in-depth interviews with key informants explain that it results from a combination of historical factors with current determinants such as the low perceived level of impact, the transparency of CS actors and the political influence believed to often dictate their agendas. These and additional explorations of gender and age differences lead to suggested new strategies to boost active citizenship in the country.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"131 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66845747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Am I an Active Citizen? Women’s Narratives of Citizenship Practices in Albania 我是积极公民吗?阿尔巴尼亚妇女对公民实践的叙述
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/cirr-2015-0013
Eriada Çela
{"title":"Am I an Active Citizen? Women’s Narratives of Citizenship Practices in Albania","authors":"Eriada Çela","doi":"10.1515/cirr-2015-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2015-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explores the topic of citizenship as related to the practices of twelve Albanian women. This research utilizes literature on gender and citizenship as a framework for comparing and analysing the narratives of women who exert their political citizenship through civil society and governmental political bodies. First, this study explores the ways the interviewees perceive citizenship while analysing women’s narratives to get at their spoken and unspoken specificities. Secondly, it discusses their conceptualisations of themselves as active citizens and analyses how their expressed perceptions relate to their identification as political actors with regards to their identities as women. Thirdly, it analyses issues of relevance to women’s engagement as active citizens as they appear from women’s individual experiences of citizenship in the narratives. This research focuses on the way interviewed Albanian women perceive themselves in relation to their citizenship and what their experiences as citizens say about their self-identification as agents with a say in the issues that affect their lives.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"109 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66845586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political Criteria vs. Political Conditionality: Comparative analysis of Slovenian and Croatian European Union accession processes 政治标准与政治条件:斯洛文尼亚和克罗地亚加入欧盟进程的比较分析
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2015-02-20 DOI: 10.1515/cirr-2015-0004
Ana Bojinović Fenko, Ana Urlić
{"title":"Political Criteria vs. Political Conditionality: Comparative analysis of Slovenian and Croatian European Union accession processes","authors":"Ana Bojinović Fenko, Ana Urlić","doi":"10.1515/cirr-2015-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2015-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study analyses the differences in content and procedure in the application of political criteria and political conditionality in the EU accession processes of Slovenia and Croatia. The article ascertains that with regard to substance, the Commission and EU member states did apply political criteria more extensively and meticulously to Croatia in comparison to Slovenia, but mainly due to the difference in the states’ initial assessment of preparedness for EU membership and the application of the principle of own merits. Empirical results, however, show that the differences in political conditionality did not only stem from Croatia’s post-conflict conditions, but also from the EU’s experience of the 2004 and 2007 enlargements and the concern about the EU’s absorption capacity. As for the accession process procedure, the latter has increasingly empowered the Commission rather than EU member states, which bears relevance for future (Western Balkans) enlargements","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"107 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2015-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cirr-2015-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66845563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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