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Croatian International Relations Review最新文献

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Understanding Contemporary Asymmetric Threats 了解当代的不对称威胁
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/cirr-2018-0013
Nikola Brzica
{"title":"Understanding Contemporary Asymmetric Threats","authors":"Nikola Brzica","doi":"10.2478/cirr-2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the 21st century, warfare has evolved into a challenge that many countries are ill prepared to face. In contrast to the warfare of yesterday, victory is not defined by defeating an opposing military force, but rather defeating their ability to pursue political objectives by violent, often unconventional, means. Increasingly, these unconventional means are based on asymmetries between the two opposing forces. A plethora of definitions for the term ‘asymmetric conflict’ exist, but they can largely be summarized by a general idea that one side in a conflict, due to its own failings or its opponents’ strength, is unable to achieve its political aims through conventional (i.e. symmetric) military means. Because of this, the weaker side uses new ideas, weapons and tactics in a manner that is not expected, exploiting surprise to undermine the relative strength(s) of their opponent (Lele, 2014). The character of contemporary asymmetric threats can be analyzed through a framework of several key characteristics, which will be described in this paper. Understanding this framework, particularly in light of the horizontal transfer of technology, tactics, organization structure and procedures between emerging asymmetric threats may contribute to better understanding of such threats.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"34 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46998745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Application of Legal Entities to the European Court of Human Rights: a Significant Disadvantage as the Condition of Admissibility 法律实体在欧洲人权法院的适用：作为可受理条件的一个重大不利因素
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/CIRR-2018-0015
L. Deshko
{"title":"Application of Legal Entities to the European Court of Human Rights: a Significant Disadvantage as the Condition of Admissibility","authors":"L. Deshko","doi":"10.2478/CIRR-2018-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/CIRR-2018-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article lists the content and deals with the criteria for assessing the presence or absence of material damage suffered by the applicant to the European Court of Human Rights, the subject of entrepreneurship, as a new condition for the admissibility of an individual application. The article establishes that the list and content of the criteria for assessing the presence or absence of material damage suffered by the applicant to the European Court of Human Rights are different for individuals and for legal entities – business entities. Moreover, the article initiates a discussion on the list and content of these criteria for the subjects of entrepreneurship – the applicants to the European Court of Human Rights. In the light of the Court’s practice, the author reveals their content as well as legal categories such as ‘substantial harm’, ‘financial harm’, ‘pecuniary damage’, ‘non-pecuniary damage’ incurred by the applicant, the subject of entrepreneurship, and highlights the issues to which objectives may be caused by ‘moral harm’ in case of violation of the rights of the subject of entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"103 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43933983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Note-taking and Notability: How to Succeed at Legal Doctoral Fieldwork 记笔记与引人注目:如何在法学博士实习中取得成功
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/cirr-2018-0016
Laura Panadès-Estruch
{"title":"Note-taking and Notability: How to Succeed at Legal Doctoral Fieldwork","authors":"Laura Panadès-Estruch","doi":"10.2478/cirr-2018-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fieldwork is the bridge between academia and practice. Often, this bridge is not crossed due to lack of guidance, time and practical experience. Academics are left on their own to guess what would work best. In facilitating this, this article assesses the methods used in a case study of doctoral fieldwork at the European Parliament within the civil service. Findings include identifying optimum methods to plan, develop and execute doctoral fieldwork. This research is structured in four parts, which covers a literature review on fieldwork in the social sciences, the case study, the methodologies used, and a problem-solving section giving tips to succeed at fieldwork. Findings include a selection of methodologies which include participant observation and note-taking. These methodologies assist in improving skills such as time management, working under high pressure and delivering quality reports with attention to detail, which are fundamental for a successful academic career. The experience covered in this article will assist academics in designing their fieldworks at all levels of their careers. The methods described are transferrable to fieldworks across legal, political and policy-making institutions.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"104 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44855129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Camouflaged Culture: The ‘Discursive Journey’ of the EU’s Cultural Programmes 伪装的文化：欧盟文化计划的“探索之旅”
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/cirr-2018-0008
Bjarki Valtysson
{"title":"Camouflaged Culture: The ‘Discursive Journey’ of the EU’s Cultural Programmes","authors":"Bjarki Valtysson","doi":"10.2478/cirr-2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article inspects discursive shifts in the EU’s cultural policy and how these relate to the four ‘generations’ of EU cultural programmes: Raphaël, Ariane, Kaleidoscope; Culture 2000; Culture 2007; and the current Creative Europe programme. This paper therefore accounts for a ‘discursive journey’ that started in the 1970s and culminated with Article 128 in the Maastricht Treaty, which formally constituted the EU’s cultural policy. The article reveals that there can be detected certain shifts in discourses concerning the EU’s cultural programmes, but these shifts are aligned to older discourses within the cultural sector which, prior to the Maastricht Treaty, applied implicit cultural interventions. These therefore represented ‘camouflaged’ cultural understanding and appliances, which were instrumental and promoted economically and politically induced discourses. The major shift detected in the recent Creative Europe programme is a step away from discourses that facilitate the political construction of a ‘people’s Europe’, thereby utilising further discourses that promote aims which adhere to the Union’s Europe 2020 Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"14 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49320260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
From Inconsistencies to Contingencies -Understanding Policy Complexity of Novi Sad 2021 European Capital of Culture 从矛盾到偶然——了解诺维萨德2021年欧洲文化之都的政策复杂性
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/cirr-2018-0010
G. Tomka, Višnja Kisić
{"title":"From Inconsistencies to Contingencies -Understanding Policy Complexity of Novi Sad 2021 European Capital of Culture","authors":"G. Tomka, Višnja Kisić","doi":"10.2478/cirr-2018-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The case of Novi Sad European Capital of Culture 2021 (NS2021), in which various rationales of cultural policy (local, national, supranational) thread a complex web of political interactions, brings interesting challenges to the theoretical landscape of cultural policy research. We start with the analysis of the Bidbook NS2021 as a cultural policy text, discussing its inconsistencies and ambiguities. Then we study the context and the policy process through participant observation and interviews with key authors. We find that the policy-making process is best explained as contingent - meaning that it is dependent on the historical discourses, demands of the specific policy genre, external requirements and internal pressures, and individual agencies and accidents. In the concluding section, we discuss theoretical and methodological implications that policy contingency poses to cultural policy studies.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"62 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48214904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
European Union and Challenges of Cultural Policies: Critical Perspectives. An Introduction 欧盟与文化政策的挑战:批判的视角。介绍
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/cirr-2018-0007
Jaka Primorac, Aleksandra Uzelac, Paško Bilić
{"title":"European Union and Challenges of Cultural Policies: Critical Perspectives. An Introduction","authors":"Jaka Primorac, Aleksandra Uzelac, Paško Bilić","doi":"10.2478/cirr-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This introductory article contextually frames the contributions to the special issue gathering articles critically addressing the key questions and challenges that the European Union (EU) and national cultural policies are facing in the 21st century. Interdisciplinary contributions in this special issue point to the diverse understandings of culture, the complexity of the EU governance system, and the discrepancy and mismatch of the national and EU levels that regulate the field of culture. The authors detect the inconsistent development strategies on different policy levels, and point to the democratic deficits of the EU governance system and EU policies. Selected contributions address a further focal shift of EU culture policies toward an economistic orientation to culture, while others address the need for a more critical approach that moves beyond predominantly positivistic and normative approaches to cultural policy research in Europe.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"13 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44202000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Internal and External Factors in the Development of a Network Organization in the Arts: Case Study of Društvo Asociacija 艺术界网络组织发展的内外部因素:以Društvo协会为例
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/cirr-2018-0011
A. Srakar
{"title":"Internal and External Factors in the Development of a Network Organization in the Arts: Case Study of Društvo Asociacija","authors":"A. Srakar","doi":"10.2478/cirr-2018-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Network organizations in the arts have recently received substantial discussion in cultural policy research. Yet, very seldom have they been empirically modeled. We analyze development of Društvo Asociacija, the umbrella network of nongovernmental organizations and freelancers in culture and the arts in Slovenia between 2004–2017. Using mediation analysis, we observe two breakpoint periods in the development of the network and explore if they were the effects of internal, organizationally related factors or the mere response to external, macroeconomic changes. Our findings demonstrate the importance of internal decisions of the organization which have a self-standing, but not a mediating effect to the consequences of external factors like financial crises. This has an important consequence for European cultural policies as it shows to which extent network organizations in the arts should be supported directly and to which manner their condition is just a consequence of the changes in their external environment.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"116 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45266941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Impact of the European Union on Cultural Policy in Malta 欧盟对马耳他文化政策的影响
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/cirr-2018-0009
Karsten Xuereb
{"title":"The Impact of the European Union on Cultural Policy in Malta","authors":"Karsten Xuereb","doi":"10.2478/cirr-2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper will address the impact of the European Union (EU) on cultural policy development in Malta. The attention paid by the EU to globalising matters through culture, particularly i) citizenship participation in relation to social integration, ii) economic revival through urban regeneration, and iii) cultural diplomacy with regard to internationalisation efforts, is acknowledged and assessed through a focus on recent Maltese cultural practice. Impact will be assessed in relation to a) policy as well as legislation, b) funding structures and incentives, and c) implementation measures through initiatives taken by Maltese public cultural institutions. Convergences and divergences in comparison with key EU strategic actions will be discussed, with reference made to major legislative documents, funding programmes, and cultural projects undertaken by Maltese authorities and other cultural stakeholders in response or in relation to European developments.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"38 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43663480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Isolate or Engage: Adversarial States, U.S. Foreign Policy, and Public Diplomacy 孤立或介入：敌对国家、美国外交政策和公共外交
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2018-05-07 DOI: 10.5860/choice.194202
K. Ayhan
{"title":"Isolate or Engage: Adversarial States, U.S. Foreign Policy, and Public Diplomacy","authors":"K. Ayhan","doi":"10.5860/choice.194202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.194202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45464303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Right of Access to Supreme Courts in Light of the Guarantees under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (civil aspect) 根据《人权和基本自由公约》第6条第1款的保证向最高法院申诉的权利(民事方面)
IF 1.4
Croatian International Relations Review Pub Date : 2018-05-07 DOI: 10.2478/cirr-2018-0004
Nikolina Katić, Matea Bašić, Morana Briški
{"title":"Right of Access to Supreme Courts in Light of the Guarantees under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (civil aspect)","authors":"Nikolina Katić, Matea Bašić, Morana Briški","doi":"10.2478/cirr-2018-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Right of access to a court, enshrined in Article 6 § 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms forms one of the basis for reinforcement of the principle of rule of law. However, the right of access to a court may be limited by provisions of national legislation regulating the functioning of the judicial system and rules of judicial procedure. The higher the hierarchy of the court, the more limits may be placed on the right of access to it. The aim of this article is to examine the different modalities of organisation of supreme judiciaries in European countries (members of the Council of Europe) and mechanisms established in national legislation for filtering applications to those jurisdictions in civil cases, in light of the principles set forth in that regard by the ever evolving case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, and the effects of its judgments and decisions on national legal systems.","PeriodicalId":35243,"journal":{"name":"Croatian International Relations Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"69 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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