Journal of Human Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Adaptation of Crop Diversification to Climatic Risks and Agro-ecological Zone: Case of Under-resourced Farmers in Eastern Cape, South Africa","authors":"H. Kabiti","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2018/74.1-3.3318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2018/74.1-3.3318","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Crop diversification can reduce the extent of losses from climate change and climate risks. This paper explains the state of crop diversification in the study area and identify significant exploitable benefits from the practise. The study employed survey data from farmers in major agro-ecological zones of the Eastern Cape Province, namely Grassland, Savannah and Karoo. Data on crop enterprises, input and output variables were processed in monetary terms and subjected to gross margin analysis. A correlation analysis was applied to examine the sensitivity of farm inputs, outputs and profitability/loss to different crop mixes and agro-climatic variation. Study findings revealed that crop-based enterprise combinations of farmers vary across agro-ecological zones. Farmers choose crops that reduces the risk of emerging climate related losses, input costs and increase output and/or revenue. The study recommends experimental research that details yield benefits and losses in responses to both biotic, abiotic factors and specific crop combinations.","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49464862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of Virtual Instruction during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Accounting Classrooms","authors":"M. Skhephe","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2021/76.1-3.3324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2021/76.1-3.3324","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to explore challenges of Virtual Instruction during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Accounting Classrooms. A qualitative research approach and a case study design was used. 10 Accounting teachers were purposively selected. Thematic data analysis was used. The study shows challenges of virtual classroom like lack of teacher readiness, and ready infrastructure to support the virtual learning. The study concludes that rural schools and those that are in semi-urban areas needs to be priorities when technology resources are distributed. Teachers who are in rural and semi-urban areas needs to be up-skilled with technological skills. The study recommends that Network companies should partner with education sector in order to supply data, connectivity, and accessibility by zero- rising then to support virtual classroom learning. After the COVID-19 all teachers should be encouraged to attend various forms of online workshops in order to improve their understanding of online teaching.","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46248939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critically Assessing the Effect of COVID-19 beyond the Pandemic: The Social and Economic Impacts in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Andrew Enaifoghe","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2021/74.1-3.3314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2021/74.1-3.3314","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With the increased level of unemployment rates experienced during the Great Depression, many households and employees across the world are reorienting themselves in the face of an uncertain future due to the economic challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to explore the social and economic impacts of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa while looking at the strategic approaches embraced by governments in responding, monitoring, and alleviating the socio-economic effects of COVID-19. This is largely based on debates and information sharing, given the insight that looks at priority issues, such as financial support to small and medium scale enterprises since lockdown in many African states. This research is a qualitative study that primarily collected its data and analyses them through the content data analysis method. The researchers found increasing impacts of COVID-19 on many states’ economies. African governments need to take charge of the opportunity to build stable economic systems.","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44940907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring t he Relationship Between “COVID-19” Experiences and People’s Health Anxiety: Evidence from the Third Wave of COVID-19","authors":"A. Ullah","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2021/74.1-3.3315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2021/74.1-3.3315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study aims to explore and investigate the relationship between the experiences of COVID-19 and health anxiety among people. The study design adopted in this study was cross-sectional and primary data were collected from 500 respondents through a structured questionnaire in District Mardan-Pakistan. Bivariate and Multivariate analyses were carried out for measuring the relationship between “COVID-19” experiences and health anxiety, while cause and effects of the mentioned variables were analysed through a logistic regression model. The findings of the study revealed that the prevalence of health anxiety was found highly significant with the “COVID-19” experience. It has been inferred from the study’s findings that those people who experienced “COVID-19” had symptoms of health anxiety. The prevalence of health anxiety was found highly significant with “COVID-19” among older people. Establishing psychological and rehabilitation centres for sustained recovery of the “COVID-19” affected people, has also been suggested.","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43498215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Empowerment Indicators Predict Health Care Seeking Behavior during Pregnancy: Evidence from Ethiopian National Data","authors":"V. Guli","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2021/74.1-3.3309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2021/74.1-3.3309","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the leverage of women’s empowerment status and their living context in healthcare-seeking behavior during pregnancy. The study used the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). In addition, the frequency of Antenatal Care (ANC) was used as an outcome variable to gauge women’s health seeking behavior. The negative binomial regression analysis results showed that the expected mean number of ANC visits was lower for mothers with lower education levels and for women living with husbands having poor education. On the other hand, the expected mean number of ANC visits was much higher for younger women, working women, for those with some household decision making autonomy, women living in better household wealth category, women living in smaller households, and those who had reasonable access to media (radio). Given the significant contribution of women’s status and living contexts, aggressive moves should be made to reduce the demand-side barriers to health care services, mainly promoting women’s education and participation in decisionmaking at household and community levels","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42609779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shielding Rural Migrants from Unemployment-Induced Poverty: The Informal Prickly Pear Market","authors":"G. Fraser","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2021/74.1-3.3308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2021/74.1-3.3308","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study highlighted the role that an informal market plays in shielding unemployed rural migrants in urban areas from unemployment-induced poverty using the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) informal Prickly Pear Market as a case study. The purpose of this study was to show how earnings from self-employment or informal employment can be effective in reducing poverty. The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework was used as the theoretical basis for unpacking the household socioeconomic factors that influenced the informal prickly pear marketers’ decision to engage in the market. The study found that despite the prickly pear’s short-term availability, the income was channelled towards school supplies and sustained households during the month in addition to social grants, especially after the grant income had finished. The study aimed to revive interest in the Opuntia ficus-indica species, as one of the ways by which poverty can be reduced in the Eastern Cape.","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45047617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livelihood, Sustainability and Change among Changpas of Changthang: Ladakh India","authors":"V. Bhasin","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2018/63.1-3.3118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2018/63.1-3.3118","url":null,"abstract":"Pastoral societies use animals as providers of food, fuel, fiber, draught power and transportation. However, nomadic, semi- nomadic and transhumant pastoralist societies have lifestyles that revolve mainly around their livestock. The transhumant pastoral societies inhabiting the high Himalayan areas exploit the seasonal abundance of grazing areas. As social and ecological conditions change, pastoralists adjust accordingly. Contrary to their reputation, pastoralists have traditional practices for conserving vegetation by rotational grazing. Pastoralists make a significant contribution to India’s economy in terms of food security (milk), provision of draft animal power, as well as foreign exchange earnings (meat, fiber for example, pashmina wool). Since pastoralists do not own land, their produce is generated by dependence on communally and state owned grazing land. Currently, the trend towards globalization of the market, with pastoral lands increasingly being commercialised and/or turned in to national parks, has created problems for the pastoralists. Since Independence of India, the pastoralists of the Himalayas have faced a series of significant changes from external, political and economic changes. These structural alterations have brought adjustments in many aspects of the traditional pastoral system, including migratory cycle, local economy and social organisation. Many of them left their traditional transhumant way of life and settled along valleys. Some have settled in urban areas, others stick to the pastoral activities by changing the composition of livestock by increasing number of goats and decreasing number of yaks. All pastoral groups in Himalaya face the similar constraints and stimuli. Natural exigencies, extreme weather conditions, drought, epidemics and predators, result in reduction of animals. Likewise, social crisis, such as phases in domestic developmental cycle and work force shortage in herding groups cause concern in the community. An attempt has been made to study the change and problems faced by the area- Changthang and people- Changpas due to the development programs of the government agencies of the state.","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43411009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics and Complexities of Work Based Education in the Context of Technical, Vocational and Training Colleges","authors":"P. Ngubane","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2021/74.1-3.3291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2021/74.1-3.3291","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in South Africa has undergone major institutional, structural and curricular changes over the last twenty-seven years. At the centre of these changes lie skills mismatch and poor quality of graduates who have gone through Work Based Education (WBE) experience. This study was conducted on two campuses of one of the public TVET colleges in northern KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. This mixed-method study used purposive sampling to identify the sample size of 21 participants, which comprised campus managers, senior lecturers and WBE champions. The findings revealed that the college management is failing to give necessary support to the implementers on the ground to carry out the WBE programme. Findings also revealed that the college management seems not to fully comprehend their role in enforcing compliance with the regulation guiding the WBE implementation. The need to strengthen ties with existing host employers and to recruit new host employers to address a serious shortage in graduate placement is evident. The study recommends that a clear vision for the implementation of WBE be prioritised and communicated to all stakeholders for effective implementation of the programme.","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44496524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers’, Farm Characteristics’ and Use of Public Agricultural Extension Support across Time in Selected Municipalities of Limpopo Province, South Africa","authors":"D. Afful","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2021/76.1-3.3316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2021/76.1-3.3316","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper compares data on subsistence grain producers’ socio-economic, farm characteristics, and their use of public extension support for farm management across time and in various municipalities of Limpopo province, South Africa. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect the data in eight selected local municipalities by means of multi-stage sampling. Data were analysed by means of descriptive statistics. Findings across time periods (2014 and 2017) and aggregated for all the different local municipalities investigated were similar regarding respondents’ socio-economic and farm characteristics as well as use of public extension support for farm management. These evidence-based findings augur well for the development of uniform and appropriate strategies for the local municipalities to improve public extension support so that producers can receive more extension farm visits and, therefore, more farm management information. Such support will help producers to improve their farming operations and invariably, their productivity and household food security.","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42601042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Land Utilisation Among the Guji of Ethiopia","authors":"Negessa Mokona Tuma","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2021/76.1-3.3313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2021/76.1-3.3313","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sustainable land utilisation is very important prerequisite for the survival of humanity. Land conservation and sustainable utilisation is the current issue as the result of ecological factors such as population pressure resulted in higher need for additional natural resources, global warming, climate change, and the threat of environmental contamination, biodiversity loss, changes in landscape, monetary globalisation, power safety, water delivery, and escalating conûict among socio-cultural, political-monetary, and ecological goals. The present paper is qualitative in nature and both primary and secondary source data were used to elicit the information on the sustainable utilisation of land among the Guji community in Oromia region of southern Ethiopia. The study reveals that Guji Gadaa system is the time proven indigenous institution responsible for making customary rules and regulations, management, regulating and controlling mechanisms to ensuring the sustainability of natural resources in general and land in particular","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47630851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}