History Australia最新文献

{"title":"Joan Beaumont reassesses the impact of the Great Depression in Australia","authors":"S. Ville","doi":"10.1080/14490854.2023.2236160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2023.2236160","url":null,"abstract":"For Australians, like the inhabitants of many nations, the first half of the twentieth century was an era of immense turbulence. Two world wars separated by a Great Depression shaped, indeed scarred, the memories of several generations. For those born in the 1890s, like my own grandparents, service in World War One was soon followed by economic hardship, then witnessing their own offspring marching back to the horrors of war. In this important book, Joan Beaumont suggests that, for Australians at least, the Great Depression was less traumatic than the two world wars and as a result has received less attention from scholars. She concludes that its impact has been overstated: ‘a more nuanced, less pessimistic view ... seems warranted’ (458). At the same time, though, she believes that this was the worst economic crisis Australia has faced, which might imply that we have never really had it bad in peacetime. The 1890s, which has received even less overall coverage, is surely also a strong candidate for the worst of times. Financial crises, drought and industrial conflict together cast a dark shadow over much of colonial Australia during that decade. Nonetheless, Beaumont provides a sensible, balanced interpretation of the Depression’s impact. Such a study, she suggests, is long overdue because race, gender, and memory have displaced class, labour relations and the economy in recent decades of Australian historiography. While ‘starvation did not stalk the streets of Depression Australia’ (215), hunger and malnutrition were evident, as were unemployment, homelessness, and itinerancy. Unemployment, of course, rose but perhaps not by as much, nor for as long, as many had initially feared. Secular trends in wellbeing and health – such as rising life expectancy and falling infant mortality rates – were barely interrupted. As in most crises, economic or otherwise, the most vulnerable took a disproportionate share of the burden, including the poor, the young, the old, Indigenous Australians, new migrants, and single women. Despite the rhetoric of the time, there was no ‘equality of sacrifice’. It would have been interesting to hear more about how Australia compared in terms of impact and policy responses with other nations. Britain faced enduring structural unemployment as the traditional staple industries collapsed in the old northern industrial","PeriodicalId":35194,"journal":{"name":"History Australia","volume":"20 1","pages":"449 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48955127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chris Wallace on biography as an instrument of image making in national politics; and Ross Walker’s life story of Harold Holt","authors":"Paul Strangio","doi":"10.1080/14490854.2023.2235384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2023.2235384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35194,"journal":{"name":"History Australia","volume":"20 1","pages":"462 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43102129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Kate Fullagar, J. Lake, Benjamin Mountford, E. Warne","doi":"10.1080/14490854.2023.2236663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2023.2236663","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35194,"journal":{"name":"History Australia","volume":"20 1","pages":"331 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48715912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leah Lui-Chivizhe charts her own path to write an islander-oriented history of turtle shell masks","authors":"R. McKenzie","doi":"10.1080/14490854.2023.2236156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2023.2236156","url":null,"abstract":"Leah Lui-Chivizhe describes her approach, on her initial visit to the British Museum to study their collection of Torres Strait Islander masks, as ‘less of the modern “native” looking at “our old things” and more of the earnest research student’ (xxi). Less of one and more of the other at that particular moment but in her book, Lui-Chivizhe seeks to combine these identities. As a Torres Strait Islander scholar, it was her express intention to write ‘an islander-oriented history’ of turtle shell masks: to conduct research into the questions about the past that mattered to Islanders, using terms that made sense to them. The introductory chapter orients the reader to Torres Strait conceptions of space and time. The cyclic rhythm of the seasons is overlaid for islanders by a chronology that divides into two periods: the bipotaim (the old times) ‘before everything changed’ (164) with the coming of Christianity in 1871 and pastaim, the time since then. While the final chapter of the book introduces a series of vignettes on contemporary artists’ work, the main focus of the book is on masks collected in the nineteenth century and understanding them in the context of the bipotaim. The book’s mission is thus shadowed by loss. A fact, which I think needed more emphasis, as it only gets passing mention in the introduction, is that by the 1870s there were few masks remaining within communities on the islands. Turtle shell masks entered museums and private collections world-wide from about 1830 on. Those collected after the 1870s were likely commissions as the full-scale conversion of the islands to Christianity disparaged the old ways, leading to masks being destroyed. For Lui-Chivizhe, writing this book was a way, as she puts it, to ‘take back’ the masks (164). One way she does this is through reconnecting them with their origin stories. In her quest for information about the time ‘before...’ Lui-Chivizhe casts a wide net, utilising sometimes-incongruous sources. For example in Chapter 2, the hard material science of archaeology that produces dates for human habitation of the Strait (even if broad windows) is paired with a reading of culture hero narratives as historical texts when they lack co-ordinates for locating when the actions described took place. Lui-Chivizhe’s use of these stories as historical sources – stories which ‘reach back to mythic time’ and characteristically combine natural and supernatural explanations of the world (6) – is an essential plank of her islander-oriented approach and one of the strong","PeriodicalId":35194,"journal":{"name":"History Australia","volume":"20 1","pages":"460 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42715264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alan Atkinson writes about two of the best-known and consequential figures of early colonial Australia","authors":"Ian Hoskins","doi":"10.1080/14490854.2023.2236151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2023.2236151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35194,"journal":{"name":"History Australia","volume":"20 1","pages":"456 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42203434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acculturation and change in ethno-linguistic cultural expression: the Welsh in Ballarat, Victoria, in the second half of the nineteenth century","authors":"R. Tyler","doi":"10.1080/14490854.2023.2236659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2023.2236659","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides an analysis of the cultural expression of the Welsh ethno-linguistic community in Ballarat, Victoria, during the second half of the nineteenth century. The study considers culture maintenance, and focuses on the way Welsh cultural expression, especially as manifest in the Eisteddfod, was modified over time. The article argues that this change was closely linked to the forces of assimilation, particularly occupational change, high levels of exogamy, and contemporary developments in Wales that served to undermine the vitality of Welsh culture.","PeriodicalId":35194,"journal":{"name":"History Australia","volume":"20 1","pages":"333 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41759125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goddess","authors":"M. Funston","doi":"10.1080/14490854.2023.2236665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2023.2236665","url":null,"abstract":"ACMI’s Goddess: Power, Glamour, Rebellion is an aptly titled celebration of women and their triumphs in the screen industry. The exhibition, which will remain in Melbourne until October, was curated to honour the trailblazing women of the film industry, those who embraced their power, disrupted stereotypes and challenged norms. It features a vast collection of costumes and artefacts from across cinema history, presenting women in the screen industry as empowered revolutionaries, and yet as intrinsically feminine, and ever glamorous. The exhibition opens, rather expectedly, with a tribute to Marilyn Monroe, her iconic rendition of ‘Diamonds Are a Girl’s Best Friend’ in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, and the hot-pink satin dress in which she performed. A video montage of homages performed by Madonna, Margot Robbie, Kylie Jenner and others is projected behind three appropriately hot-pink costumes: a jazzy outfit worn by First Nations actress Elaine Crombie in the ABC comedy series Kiki and Kitty, a jumpsuit worn by Robbie in Birds of Prey, and a gown worn by model Winnie Harlow. This introduction embodies many of Goddess’s key themes, including the dual beauty and power of femininity, the notion of legacy, the evolution of gender ideals, and not least a celebration of the colour pink. Goddess’s focus is expansive, unfolding thematically as it stretches across decades and national cinemas, a breadth which honours the diversity of women and their stories both on and off the screen. The exhibition’s design evokes the highly feminine space of an old Hollywood dressing room, as the soft pink walls, luxe love seats, subtle lighting and abundant mirrors create a sensual and welcoming atmosphere. Goddess pays careful attention to matters of race, paying tribute to a diverse array of actresses from disparate national cinemas. However, ACMI’s proclivity for empowerment-focused language, and the exhibition’s focus on triumphant women who are presented as having vanquished racism, risk downplaying the very real, destructive consequences of such prejudice. This, of course, is difficult to avoid given the exhibition’s uplifting nature, and Goddess does feature notably political, and surprisingly rare, discussions of race in cinema. For instance, a tribute to Dorothy Dandridge celebrates her defiance of racial stereotypes and success as the first Black woman to be nominated for an Oscar for Best","PeriodicalId":35194,"journal":{"name":"History Australia","volume":"20 1","pages":"440 - 441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43563419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simon Ville and David Merrett on multinational enterprises in Australia before World War One","authors":"L. Frost","doi":"10.1080/14490854.2023.2236152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2023.2236152","url":null,"abstract":"Simon Ville and David Merrett are doyens of Australian business and economic history. In this excellent book","PeriodicalId":35194,"journal":{"name":"History Australia","volume":"20 1","pages":"458 - 459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41453755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anna Clark explores how Australian History has been made and why it matters","authors":"N. Cushing","doi":"10.1080/14490854.2023.2228349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2023.2228349","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35194,"journal":{"name":"History Australia","volume":"20 1","pages":"454 - 455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42465767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barka: The Forgotten River exhibition","authors":"H. Goodall","doi":"10.1080/14490854.2023.2236667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2023.2236667","url":null,"abstract":"This rich exhibition offers insights into the world of the Barka River (aka the Darling). It demands your imagination to explore its gifts. The Australian Museum is committed to ensuring that First Nations Australian voices are presented, and they are here: warm, determined and diverse. But the design approach in this exhibition is minimalist, so you need to explore energetically. That will also let you hear the Barkandji community’s call: you too have to help save the river. You are drawn in first by a spectacular image – a striking, aerial photo of the amazingly meandering Barka River and the plains around it at Menindee. This river is one of the longest on earth and one of the most powerful – and yet this image, although visually astounding with its deep red colours, looks empty. The next step in this exhibition challenges this emptiness immediately – with objects less overwhelming but far more rewarding. Glistening mussel shells hang down on fine lines just across from the huge photograph. Theymake a striking contrast – the fine shells reflect shimmering light as they twist on their strings, delicately carved with images of the many birds, animals and people who depend on them. So the river is not empty at all! The accompanying panel – Yuritja Kirra –Mussel Country – tells you the real story of this river, where water and its living creatures are interdependent, sustaining each other with food, stories andmemories. The remarkable longevity of that Barkandji care is demonstrated just below the sparkling shells, where more robust mussels are laid out on sand like a string of pearls. Mussels are scarce in the river now, but the panel explains that the Barkandji have looked after the river for thousands of years so their oral traditions tell about a time when river mussels were abundant. The thicker shells on the sand in this installation were found in deep excavations along the river – confirming Barkandji stories about the abundance of mussels earlier on. The Barkandji today still care for the river and the environment but they are not ‘frozen in time’. Instead, they live in the high technology present. They are battling heavily industrialised agriculture draining water out of the river for irrigation at the same time as pouring back the damaging inputs needed for cotton, avocado and grazing. The Barkandji, having faced over 200 years of colonial impact, are calling out for your support to save the river and their more-than-human world. Close to the mussels are a series of warm portraits of people from the Barkandji community – painted by Justine Muller – which are enriched by their voices as they","PeriodicalId":35194,"journal":{"name":"History Australia","volume":"20 1","pages":"438 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43833690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}