{"title":"Singapur","authors":"Singapour, Dólar","doi":"10.30875/7de8bb3d-es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/7de8bb3d-es","url":null,"abstract":"Singapur es una isla situada en la punta de la península de Malasia, frente a la costa de Sumatra (Indonesia), posee una superficie de 700 kilómetros cuadrados y es el más pequeño de los países del sureste asiático. Posee una población de 4.600.000 habitantes, que se encuentra agrupada de acuerdo a sectores económicos en: servicios (67%) e industria (33%). Es miembro de la Asociación de Mercados del Sureste Asiático (ASEAN), que es una organización regional creada en 1967, que tiene por objetivos principales acelerar el crecimiento económico, fomentar la paz y la estabilidad regionales. Se encuentra integrada además de Singapur por Indonesia, Malasia, Filipinas, Tailandia, Brunéi, Vietnam, Laos, Birmania, Camboya.","PeriodicalId":351793,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122908044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saint Kitts y Nevis","authors":"","doi":"10.30875/2a02eccc-es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/2a02eccc-es","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351793,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114798061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Macao, China","authors":"","doi":"10.30875/2645806e-es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/2645806e-es","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351793,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128118466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moldova, República de","authors":"","doi":"10.30875/5323ba4c-es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/5323ba4c-es","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351793,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131831405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kazajstán","authors":"","doi":"10.30875/147fcf76-es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/147fcf76-es","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351793,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125272027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"República Democrática del Congo","authors":"","doi":"10.30875/ebd140e3-es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/ebd140e3-es","url":null,"abstract":"La historia reciente de la República Democrática del Congo está marcada por los conflictos armados y las dictaduras desde la independencia de este país rico en recursos naturales (oro, diamantes, madera y coltán) en 1960. Como parte de los Acuerdos de Lusaka (julio de 1999) y del Acuerdo Global e inclusivo de Pretoria (2002), el año 2005 se promulgó una nueva Constitución en la cual se reorganizaba en gran medida el sistema público y la administración del Estado. Las provincias pasaron de 10 a 25, se estableció un Parlamento bicameral y una estructura embrionaria de un nuevo poder judicial. Sin embargo, gran parte del este del país sigue siendo inseguro, principalmente por el conflicto de Ituri y las continuas actividades de las Fuerzas Democráticas para la liberación de Rwanda en las provincias de Kivu del Norte y del Sur. El 30 de julio de 2006 se celebraron en el país las primeras elecciones multipartidistas y libres desde la independencia en 1960. Joseph Kabila obtuvo el 45% de los votos y su oponente y ex-vicepresidente Jean-Pierre Benba un 20%, lo cual dio origen a enfrentamientos entre seguidores de los dos candidatos en las calles de la capital hasta que fuerzas de EUFOR y de la MONUC recuperaron el control de la situación. En marzo de 2006 Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, líder de Unión de Patriotas Congoleños (UPC) y responsable del reclutamiento y empleo de menores en las hostilidades fue detenido y trasladado a la Corte Penal internacional (CPI).","PeriodicalId":351793,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130709589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brasil","authors":"Michael Löwy","doi":"10.30875/7bd581d6-es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/7bd581d6-es","url":null,"abstract":"Básica (RBU) foi ressuscitado crise econômica provocada pandemia, referência debate internacional. há diferenças relevantes, comparação com países desenvolvidos. O objetivo do texto é confrontar os argumentos mais frequentes usados pelos que defendem e pelos que refutam tal programa, tanto no plano acadêmico como no campo político. Primeiro é apresentada uma visão panorâmica do debate internacional sobre a RBU. Em seguida, é explicado que a lei que instituiu a Renda Básica de Cidadania no Brasil em 2004 não foi regulamentada porque foi priorizado um programa focalizado e condicionado de transferência de renda (o Bolsa Família). A principal contribuição do texto é a síntese do debate renovado sobre a RBU durante a pandemia de Covid-19, considerando o sucesso efêmero do Auxílio Emergencial. Ao final, são feitas considerações adicionais sobre o caráter enviesado da discussão sobre a RBU no Brasil. Abstract The biased debate about universal basic income in Brazil The debate on Universal Basic Income (UBI) in Brazil has been revived by the economic crisis caused by the pandemic, taking the international debate as a reference. However, there are relevant differences, in comparison with developed countries. The objective of the text is to confront the most frequent arguments used by those who defend and those who refute such a program, both in the academic and political fields. First, an overview of the international debate on UBI is presented. Then it is explained that the law that established the Basic Citizenship Income in Brazil in 2004 was not regulated because a focused and conditioned cash transfer program (Bolsa Família) was prioritized. The main contribution of the paper is the synthesis of the renewed debate on UBI during the Covid-19 pandemic, considering the ephemeral success of the Emergency Aid. At the end, additional considerations are made about the biased nature of the discussion on UBI in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":351793,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131763140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ucrania","authors":"J. A. Jiménez","doi":"10.30875/dc013823-es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/dc013823-es","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351793,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132630842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nueva Zelandia","authors":"","doi":"10.30875/01a53696-es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/01a53696-es","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351793,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133651031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comoras","authors":"","doi":"10.30875/9ba37bce-es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/9ba37bce-es","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351793,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131721654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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