South Pacific Journal of Psychology最新文献

{"title":"A Survey of Self-Reported Problems Among Tertiary Students","authors":"A. C. Mellam, Terence Kuaru","doi":"10.1017/S0257543400001504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0257543400001504","url":null,"abstract":"People moving into a new environment often find the process stressful (Cochrane, 1983; Cochrane & Stopes-Roe, 1980). One of the reasons for the stress is that the new environment may not provide substitutes for the losses incurred during the process of relocation (Beck & Young, 1978). Separation anxiety, loss, interruption of lifestyle, reduced control over the psychosocial environment, role change, and self-consciousness are all after-effects of the relocation process (Fisher, 1988). In general, migrants move as a group or as a family unit (Marmot & Syme, 1976; Murphy, 1976), but this is not true for students. Despite the fact that students often perceive their relocation as a challenging life event (Fulmer, Medalie, & Lord, 1982), they must face the challenge on their own, for they cannot count on the support and comfort of family and old friends. Furthermore, their relocation is to a competitive environment in which they are exposed to a range of stressors which, in all likelihood, are novel. Students commonly experience problems following their relocation. The problems are related to change of culture (Oberg, 1960), to racial discrimination, and to change of diet and climate (Dyal & Dyal, 1981; Murphy, 1977; Nicassio & Pate, 1984). Other problems, including fatigue and headaches (Miller & Harwell, 1983), homesickness (Fisher, 1988; Fisher & Murray, 1984), and language difficulties (Mellam, 1989) may be more common to students than to other migrant groups.","PeriodicalId":351734,"journal":{"name":"South Pacific Journal of Psychology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122174292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maslow's hierarchy of needs and its relationship with psychological health and materialism","authors":"S. Saunders, D. Munro, Miles Bore","doi":"10.1017/S0257543400000833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0257543400000833","url":null,"abstract":"Maslow's (1954) theory of a hierarchy of human needs has generated little research, perhaps because of the lack of specific, concrete operationalisation of concepts such as ‘psychological well-being’ and basic need satisfaction. The Need Satisfaction Inventory (NSI: Lester, 1990) was developed to measure basic need satisfaction and 157 undergraduate subjects completed both it and the Beck Depression (BDI) and Anxiety Inventories (BAI), as well as Spielberger's (1986) Anger-Expression questionnaire (AX). The latter three questionnaires represent an operationalisation of Spielberger, Ritterband, Sydeman, Reheiserdc Unger's (1995) notion that emotions act as indicators of psychological well-being. The hypothesis that scores on the NSI would be significantly correlated with the BDI, BAI, and AX was supported. Ss also completed the Richins and Dawson (1992) materialism index, and it was hypothesised that if hoarding material goods does in fact represent compensatory neurotic behaviour, then materialism would also be negatively correlated with the NSI. The hypothesis was confirmed, providing further evidence for Maslow's (1970) theory that basic need satisfaction is associated with psychological health. However, in the absence of norms for the NSI, there was no conclusive evidence to suggest that basic needs reside in a consistent, and strict global hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":351734,"journal":{"name":"South Pacific Journal of Psychology","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115253109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Ordinal Test Theory in Cross-cultural Research in Behavioural Science","authors":"J. Keats","doi":"10.1017/S0257543400001140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0257543400001140","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the problems of cross-cultural research and shows how ordinal test theory can contribute to the solution of some of these problems. The concept of tied-ranks scores is introduced and the use of these scores for dichotomous and polytomous items is explained, as is the use of this theory for the examination of conjoint ordering. Conjoint ordering can then be used to determine the existence of an underlying variable, and to establish whether or not the same underlying variable can be defined for each of the cultures to be compared. Given the satisfaction of these conditions, cross-cultural comparisons can be made. Other considerations germane to the problem of cross-cultural comparisons are also considered.","PeriodicalId":351734,"journal":{"name":"South Pacific Journal of Psychology","volume":"133 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131745536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sloan Tod. (1996).Damaged Life: The Crisis of the Modern Psyche.London:Routledge. ISBN0-415-04352-2.157 pages","authors":"J. Schumaker","doi":"10.1017/S0257543400001218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0257543400001218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351734,"journal":{"name":"South Pacific Journal of Psychology","volume":"882 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126973310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of social stratification and honour on pre-Christian and modern Mungiki (Bellona)","authors":"R. Kuschel, Angikinui Francis T. Takiika, Kiu ′Angiki","doi":"10.1017/S0257543400000754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0257543400000754","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses some important aspects of social stratification and honour on pre-Christian and modern Mungiki (Bellona), a Polynesian Outlier in the Solomon Islands. Opposite other traditional Polynesian societies, honour on Bellona was not part of a complex and prominent mana-taboo system. Honour was part of an incessantly social evaluation of a man's achievements, distinctiveness, and kin-related history. A man bestowed with honour not only had the right to, but was also expected to demand respect from significant others. Any severe challenge of his honour had to be vigorously counteracted in order to maintain and defend his and his kin group's social positioning as a deferential group. In revenge lies a rehabilitation for lost honour. He who renounced vengeance started on the path to insignificance, the quality of his life dwindled. Although important parts of practice have changed today, the basic idea of honour and competition for high status has remained fairly constant. We shall demonstrate how present day competition for social status in many respects is closely related to the traditional perception of honour which mirrored society's ideal values. What we shall present here is a set of propositions concerning some important aspects of the Bellonese philosophy concerning honour. In the strictest sense of the word, this paper is an attempt to present a social and cultural translation of some aspects of the Bellonese way of thinking. Introduction \"But blood need not be shed to endanger life. Honour might ooze out as fatally from the wound made by a blow from a stick, or by a sharp word, or even by a scornful neglect. And the medicine is in all cases the same\" (Gronbech, 1931, p.73) Honour is a \"nebulous\" concept says Herzfeld (1980). It covers a great variety of concepts like virtue, reputation, esteem, integrity, and veracity, and refers \"to things apparently quite different from each other\" (Stewart, 1994, p. 21). The meaning of honour, and its relation to man's social behaviour, has since the time of Aristotle been discussed from different scientific points of view. According to Stewart (1994), the importance of honour was brought to the attention of anthropologists who \"worked in countries that border on the Mediterranean, and subsequent anthropological research has also concentrated on this area\" (p. 75). Consequently, much has been written about the importance of honour in the Mediterranean area (Abu-Lughod, 1986; Peristiany, 1966; Peristiany & Pitt-Rivers, 1966; Pitt-Rivers, 1968). Other studies deal with the well-developed concept of honour of the Teutons (Gronbech, 1931; Gehl, 1937; Meulengracht Sorensen, 1983). Though many Polynesian languages have specific terms for \"honour,\" as for example the languages of Hawai'i (Pukui and Elbert, 1971), Kapingamarangi (Lieber and Dikepa, 1974), Samoa (Milner, 1966), and Tonga (Churchward, 1959), surprisingly few researchers have, according to our knowledge, dealt with honour as a separate","PeriodicalId":351734,"journal":{"name":"South Pacific Journal of Psychology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134102071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between Chinese character frequency of occurrence and response latency: A direct prediction of the Forster's Search Model","authors":"Ee-Li Hong","doi":"10.1017/S0257543400001024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0257543400001024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351734,"journal":{"name":"South Pacific Journal of Psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114247690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peace, love, and Magnum 44s: partnerships and community development","authors":"Julie van den Eynde, A. Hart, A. Veno","doi":"10.1017/S0257543400000481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0257543400000481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351734,"journal":{"name":"South Pacific Journal of Psychology","volume":"20 3-4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116713035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of a rapid priming technique I: Word recognition development in children","authors":"A. Castles, C. Davis","doi":"10.1017/S025754340000105X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S025754340000105X","url":null,"abstract":"The masked priming procedure has been widely used in adult psycholinguistic research as a means of exploring early and automatic processes in written word recognition (see Davis & Castles, this issue). In this paper, we discuss the recent extension of this technique for use in exploring written vocabulary development in children learning to read. We first report data to show that robust masked priming effects can be produced in children as young as seven years old. We then outline the results of some recent studies which illustrate how masked priming data can uncover the processes by which children access written word representations and the ways in which these processes may change over time.","PeriodicalId":351734,"journal":{"name":"South Pacific Journal of Psychology","volume":"683 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116109703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Commentary on Child Abuse in Papua New Guinea","authors":"William Ferea","doi":"10.1017/S0257543400001280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0257543400001280","url":null,"abstract":"Psychologists at U.P.N.G. have for the last year and a half projected a prominent profile on the issue of “child abuse” in P.N.G. It seems that before the discovery of this problem by the psychologists of U.P.N.G., “child abuse” was not an issue in P.N.G. Since this “discovery” there have been: a workshop on “child abuse in P.N.G.” in July of 1994, an editorial in the nation's second national newspaper on this evil, an interview with the chairman of the psychology department, Dr. David Boorer, enlightening us as to the problem, and a one day seminar on Sept 6, 1995, on the topic of “child Abuse and Pornography”. This problem which U.P.N.G. psychologists have allegedly discovered raises a number of questions. First, has sufficient statistical evidence been offered to substantiate that the original problem of noteworthy magnitude, indeed exists. Second, is there any significant evidence offered to substantiate that there exists “growing concern about child abuse” beyond the statements which have been made by members the psychology staff alleging such concern? Third, “child abuse” is a general term which has become current among certain first world professionals in specific first world contexts. Even in this original context it is very loosely (vaguely?) defined to cover a variety of phenomena: physical, sexual, mental and emotional. Have the U.P.N.G. psychologists given sufficient empirical definition to this first world concept so that it is meaningfully behavioural descriptive in the different third world context of P.N.G.?","PeriodicalId":351734,"journal":{"name":"South Pacific Journal of Psychology","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123251043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pacific Asia Psychology: Ideas for Development?","authors":"S. Carr, M. Maclachlan, R. F. Schultz","doi":"10.1017/S0257543400001255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0257543400001255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351734,"journal":{"name":"South Pacific Journal of Psychology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124805460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}