Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond最新文献_第2页

Dealing with the unexpected. Unusual animals in an Early Roman cistern fill in the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Kalaureia, Poros 处理突发事件。波罗斯卡拉赖利亚的波塞冬神庙中，早期罗马水池里的不寻常动物

Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30549/actaath-4-55-12

D. Mylona

引用次数: 2

The zooarchaeology of cult. Perspectives and pitfalls of an experimental approach 邪教的动物考古学。实验方法的观点和缺陷

Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30549/actaath-4-55-17

G. Forstenpointner, A. Galik, G. Weissengruber

{"title":"The zooarchaeology of cult. Perspectives and pitfalls of an experimental approach","authors":"G. Forstenpointner, A. Galik, G. Weissengruber","doi":"10.30549/actaath-4-55-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/actaath-4-55-17","url":null,"abstract":"A broad variety of ritual behaviours involve the killing and/or consumption of domestic as well as game animals, and are functionally assigned to most important social procedures and ceremonies such as religious worship, activities of public administration or funerary rites and very often also to subsistence-oriented sacrifice. Material remains indicative of these ceremonies reveal specific aspects of the ritual procedure, but their significance is always dependent on the degree of scrutiny that has been spent during archaeological excavation and more so in the analysis of the finds. Focusing on ritual patterns in Mediterranean antiquity, the remains of burnt offerings and agglomerations of caprine horn cores are attested frequently by the zooarchaeological record. Even when literary descriptions of all of these sacrificial activities are available, obvious uncertainties about the actual procedure of burning meria and osphys and of the consecration of goat horns made experimental efforts necessary. Experimental approaches characterize a well established methodological tradition in archaeological and historical research, not only enhancing our understanding of poorly handed down evidence of ancient life, but also allowing the feasibility of reconstructive suggestions to be judged. On the other hand, obtaining evidence by means of experimental studies always has to take into account potential and maybe biasing phenomena of convergence. Talking in terms of evolutionary biology, the phenotypically similar appearance of archaeological findings and experimental results has to be understood as the outcome of two distinctly evolved and necessarily different processes.","PeriodicalId":351535,"journal":{"name":"Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133243270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Evidence of animal offerings in Iron Age Scandinavia 铁器时代斯堪的纳维亚动物供品的证据

Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30549/actaath-4-55-06

M. Vretemark

{"title":"Evidence of animal offerings in Iron Age Scandinavia","authors":"M. Vretemark","doi":"10.30549/actaath-4-55-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/actaath-4-55-06","url":null,"abstract":"Written contemporary sources of animal sacrificial rituals in Iron Age Scandinavia are almost non-existent. However, we have some rare descriptions about the people of northern Europe from Roman historians. Most famous of these is of course Tacitus who gives us valuable information about life in Scandinavia during the first century AD. Among other things we learn about fertility rituals carried out in sacrificial bogs and we understand the close connection between the goddess and water. Tacitus’ descriptions, as well as younger sources such as the Old Norse religious texts of Scandinavia, also clearly tell us about the magic role of different animals such as birds, wild boar, wolf and horse. In the archaeological material we try to recognize traces of religious acts that once took place. But how can we tell the difference and distinguish between the remains of ritual animal offerings on one hand and the normal kitchen waste on the other? This paper deals with some examples of horse offerings in bogs and ponds and with ritual deposits of animal bones in dry settlement contexts in Sweden. Zooarchaeological analysis gives us valuable data and a key to interpret the animal bone assemblages as evidence of animal offerings.","PeriodicalId":351535,"journal":{"name":"Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129999774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Dans l’ombre du rite : vestiges d’animaux et pratiques sacrificielles en Grèce antique. Note sur la diversité des contextes et les difficultés de recherche rencontrées 在仪式的阴影下:古希腊动物和祭祀仪式的遗迹。关于不同背景和遇到的研究困难的说明

Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30549/actaath-4-55-07

Katerina Trantalidou

{"title":"Dans l’ombre du rite : vestiges d’animaux et pratiques sacrificielles en Grèce antique. Note sur la diversité des contextes et les difficultés de recherche rencontrées","authors":"Katerina Trantalidou","doi":"10.30549/actaath-4-55-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/actaath-4-55-07","url":null,"abstract":"In all ancient civilisations, as well as in numerous contemporary societies, animals were implicated in many aspects of religion. Sacrifice and alimentary rituals regulated social life and animals underwent diverse treatments in accordance with particular cults. Zooarchaeological material constitutes direct evidence for animals that were slaughtered and often eaten in a sacred context. Also, the status of a departed person in life could be indicated by the faunal and vegetal funerary offerings that accompanied him or her to the grave. Still, it is not possible to ascribe every zooarchaeological deposit showing unusual characteristics a religious significance, nor does all animal bone assemblages found in a sanctuary constitute the remains of a sacrifice. The interpretation must rest on the interaction between the archaeological context, the taphonomy and the iconographical and literary sources relevant for the particular society. The present article aims at exploring existing hypotheses concerning the zooarchaeological evidence by posing questions and confronting the Greek prehistoric and historical material, as ritual practices were neither static nor linear. This discussion brings to bear on the most recent discoveries, partly still unpublished. Examination of the zooarchaeological evidence from 63 sites allows us to conclude that focus on a particular criterion can result in misinterpretations, as what was common practice in one community was not necessarily so in another. The definition of the actual length of every event is also paramount. Only a careful stratigraphic and zooarchaeological methodology, combined with a multitude of questions posed, will yield information precise enough to determine the species, reconstruct the practices and reformulate our questions.","PeriodicalId":351535,"journal":{"name":"Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond","volume":"46 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114020609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Side” matters: animal offerings at ancient Nemea “侧面”问题:古代Nemea的动物供品

Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30549/actaath-4-55-11

M. MacKinnon

{"title":"“Side” matters: animal offerings at ancient Nemea","authors":"M. MacKinnon","doi":"10.30549/actaath-4-55-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/actaath-4-55-11","url":null,"abstract":"As the locus of the Nemean games, Ancient Nemea was an important Greek cult and festival center, especially during the Archaic period (6th–5th century BC). Examination of excavated faunal materials deriving from “sacred” and “secular” contexts at the site yields clues about the distribution of meat to gods (such as Zeus, the patron deity of the area), to heroes (in this case Opheltes, on whose legendary death the Nemean Games were founded), and to the mortal officials, spectators, and athletes participating in the events at Nemea. As regards “sacrificial” assemblages, most of which consisted of bone remains of burnt offerings as collected from altars and other ritual-type contexts, the data indicate a preference for sheep as the standard sacrificial animal, but show a definite preference for the hind limb sections of the left side in the case of sacrifice to the hero Opheltes, as opposed to the god Zeus. “Secular” deposits show different trends, such as the presence of unburnt bones, or the remains of wild animals and fish, taxa not typically sacrificed in Greek antiquity. Examination of zooarchaeological remains from various contexts at the site, at one level, and across other sites, at a larger level, helps develop a larger more integrated picture of animal use in ancient Greek cult practices.","PeriodicalId":351535,"journal":{"name":"Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123503292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Thesmophoriazousai. Mytilenean women and their secret rites Thesmophoriazousai。米提拉女人和她们的秘密仪式

Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30549/actaath-4-55-14

{"title":"Thesmophoriazousai. Mytilenean women and their secret rites","authors":"","doi":"10.30549/actaath-4-55-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/actaath-4-55-14","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1984–1994 excavations on the acropolis in Mytilene, a sanctuary devoted to Demeter from the Late Archaic to the Early Hellenistic period was discovered. A series of five or more altars to the east of the site was excavated, producing approximately 5,000 animal bones. The bones of young sheep, goat and pigs predominated, in contrast with other contemporary Demeter sanctuaries in the Greek world which have yielded a characteristic predominance of pig bones. The sanctuary in Mytilene also produced figurines of Kybele, Isis, Aphrodite and Eros, reflecting the polytheistic nature of this place of worship. These different associations may provide the reason for the high percentage of bovid bones from this sanctuary. A circular ash pit at the western end of the row of altars was found filled with calcined bones of perinatal piglets. The exclusive sacrifice of piglets, particularly in this sanctuary context, is reminiscent of Thesmophoric ritual. Ancient testimonia of the rites of the Thesmophoria are examined in this paper, and compared to the faunal evidence in order to reconstruct the ancient ritual that took place on the acropolis in Mytilene. Special attention is paid to the timing of the placement of the piglets in the megara prior to their offering on the altar.","PeriodicalId":351535,"journal":{"name":"Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117143690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Sacrificed animals in Swedish Late Iron Age monumental mound burials 瑞典铁器时代晚期墓葬中献祭的动物

Bones, behaviour and belief. The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30549/actaath-4-55-16

S. Sten

引用次数: 0