American Communist History最新文献

{"title":"‘V’ is for Valencia: International Brigades' Counter-Intelligence Service Reports about Eileen and Eric Blair (George Orwell) in Spain, 1937","authors":"G. Zilberstein, Svetlana Zilberstein, Pier Giorgio Righetti","doi":"10.1080/14743892.2022.2064672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14743892.2022.2064672","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article deals with the documents of the counter-intelligence of the International Brigades (IB) relating to Eric (George Orwell) and Eileen Blair. The documents are divided into six groups: I – scheme of connections between different political groups from counterintelligence of IB point of view; II – a report on the structure of the ILP contingent; III – Eileen and Eric Blair tracking reports; IV – the search protocol of Eileen Blair's room at the Continental Hotel; V – Observation’s Reports; VI – protocol of the search of the room David Crook. The article does not include documents from the interrogations of Georges Kopp and David Crook. We present results of a graphological analysis of handwritten marks in the margins of some documents. The IB counter-intelligence officers were identified who monitored and analyzed intelligence data for the ILP contingent and authorized the search in Blair's room. These officers were Alfredo Hertz and Tebarth Wilhelm. Commander of counterintelligence of IB was Gustav Szinda.","PeriodicalId":35150,"journal":{"name":"American Communist History","volume":"22 1","pages":"1 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45474674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"He Liked America: Granville Hicks and a Political Economy for the Popular Front","authors":"M. Dennis","doi":"10.1080/14743892.2022.2090783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14743892.2022.2090783","url":null,"abstract":"If any period seemed the hour of the American worker, it was the 1930s. The development of industrial unionism and the rise of working-class activism stand as landmarks of this pivotal period. Yet from the perspective of the early 21st century, one might be inclined to question the conventional view which equates industrial workers with the ‘labor question’. This was not only a moment when factory and farm workers questioned capitalism. It was also a period when growing numbers of white-collar employees discovered the existence of class itself. Another way of putting it might be: the 1930s was indeed the moment of the working class, but it was a new class, one that now included those white-collar workers who could no longer shield themselves from the caprices of industrial capitalism. Literary critic Granville Hicks was the most prominent expositor of this development. The tenuous status of middle-class privilege in the United States was never more perceptively investigated than in his 1938 I Like America. This combination of reportage and polemic directly addressed the predicament facing white-collar workers. A graduate of Harvard University and the author of The Great Tradition, a Marxian interpretation of American literature since the Civil War, Hicks joined the Communist Party in 1935,","PeriodicalId":35150,"journal":{"name":"American Communist History","volume":"22 1","pages":"31 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46672947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The St. Louis Commune of 1877: Communism in the Heartland","authors":"J. Mckernan","doi":"10.1080/14743892.2022.2078625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14743892.2022.2078625","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35150,"journal":{"name":"American Communist History","volume":"22 1","pages":"85 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48567808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chicano Communists and the Struggle for Social Justice","authors":"Jesus Jaime-Diaz, Joe Bernick","doi":"10.1080/14743892.2022.2060648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14743892.2022.2060648","url":null,"abstract":"Enrique Buelna’s book, Chicano Communists and The Struggle for Social Justice, dislodges U.S. historical amnesia in respect to the protracted life struggle of labor organizer and communist Ralph Cuar on. The author asserts that if we want to understand our history, we must recognize those who have been in the trenches struggling in the spirit of social justice for the common people. The book helps fill a gap in our historical knowledge about Mexican Americans participation and leadership roles in the Communist Party, in Southern California, particularly, but also regionally and nationally. The book is an invaluable historical contribution in documenting Chicano Communists in the struggle for Civil Rights and in the labor movement. This work is vital in debunking anti-communist propaganda that has persisted for over a century. It challenges the tentacles of the Red Scare by providing a holistic view of what communism meant to Chicano activists, and what their political ideology added to their struggles. It helped remove a smokescreen and openly confronted a culture of fear constantly utilized to diminish and dehumanize not only communists but all who resisted. It invites the reader to understand, through the life of Ralph Cuar on, how political theory turns into community practice through protracted struggle. The book also introduces the reader to many Chicano activists who answered the call to fight for social justice as open communists. The book is organized with a prologue, introduction, five chapters, and conclusion. “Prologue” introduces the book by recalling the events of Jesus Cr uz as he lay in a funeral home in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. During the viewing two well-dressed men enter the viewing room, and approach Jes us’ niece to confirm the identity of the deceased. Disrespecting the family, they approached the coffin and photographed the body several times. It was suspected that more than likely they were FBI agents whose unwelcomed presence was to close the case. Buelna uses this example from family memories to explain Jesus’ positionality as a radical activist. He had been a labor and community organizer who had openly challenged the miserable working conditions and treatment of the poor, Mexican Immigrants and Chicanos. The author notes that such courage of consciousness reaped consequences as authorities relentlessly pursued him. What made him a persona grata for government surveillance was his membership in the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). Buelna uses this example to help the reader understand that for any social change to truly occur, power has to be confronted without fear. In Angela Davis: an autobiography, Dr. Angela Davis supports this position. Buelna provides a brief overview of the Mexican American community’s struggle for civil rights, and how the community rose up and rejected inferior schools and discriminatory policies. In Assata: an Autobiography, Shakur takes racism to task for its centric posi\"tion in the dehu","PeriodicalId":35150,"journal":{"name":"American Communist History","volume":"21 1","pages":"93 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42167834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Of G-Men and Eggheads","authors":"R. M. Cook","doi":"10.1080/14743892.2022.2042156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14743892.2022.2042156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35150,"journal":{"name":"American Communist History","volume":"21 1","pages":"99 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41517650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Mirror – Communists, Steel, and Ideology in Western Pennsylvania, 1941-1952: Part 1","authors":"D. Rosenberg","doi":"10.1080/14743892.2022.2062181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14743892.2022.2062181","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phillip Bonosky, writer, steelworker, and union leader was an articulate voice for the Communist Party USA for seven decades. He maintained a detailed journal, likely unique in the American Communist movement. The following article employs the journal as its crucial source. Entries shed light on steel labor and the role of Communists in the labor movement in Western Pennsylvania during the early and mid-40s, which is this article’s framework. Of Lithuanian background, Bonosky was a blast furnace worker and editor of the newspaper of the local Steel Workers Organizing Committee until he was blacklisted from the industry in 1942. He thereafter became a Party organizer in McKeesport, Duquesne, Homestead, Monessen, and Braddock, among others, whose social life and atmosphere receive his painstaking attention. Crucial is his response to “Browderism,” named for Party leader Earl Browder. Bonosky’s promotion of Browder’s premises, featuring the basic amelioration of class conflict under capitalism thus obviating the need for a Communist Party – indicates that many grassroots workers viewed, and in fact, backed the controversial theory.","PeriodicalId":35150,"journal":{"name":"American Communist History","volume":"21 1","pages":"33 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44522986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Mirror – Communists, Steel, and Ideology in Western Pennsylvania, 1941–1952 Part 2","authors":"D. Rosenberg","doi":"10.1080/14743892.2022.2062182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14743892.2022.2062182","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phillip Bonosky, writer, steelworker, and union leader belonged to the Communist Party USA for 75 years. He maintained a strikingly unique journal documenting his experience. His stance during the early post-World War II anti-Communism, during which he was blacklisted and his sister was persecuted is therein presented. His reflections reveal much about the role of Communists in the labor movement in Western Pennsylvania and Ohio during the mid-40s. As a Party organizer in Canton, Ohio and in Pennsylvania’s McKeesport, Duquesne, Homestead, Monessen, and Braddock, he contributed his efforts to strikes, protests and other work at the grassroots. Central is his response to the demise of “Browderism,” named for Party leader Earl Browder, whom Bonosky had adamantly supported. Bonosky’s devastating self-interrogation of his swallowed-whole acceptance of Browder’s projection of the amelioration of class conflict under capitalism thus obviating the need for a Communist Party – forms one of the journal’s many unique features.","PeriodicalId":35150,"journal":{"name":"American Communist History","volume":"21 1","pages":"64 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49325178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Spirit of Lorenzo & Anita Torrez: The Sunrise of the CPUSA over Tucson, Arizona","authors":"Jesus Jaime-Diaz, Joe Bernick","doi":"10.1080/14743892.2022.2061252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14743892.2022.2061252","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this article is to document Lorenzo Torrez’ role as leader in the resurgence of the communist party in Arizona after the Red Scare. Based on first person testimony, secondary sources and archival research Lorenzo Torrez’s story was documented. The article highlights Lorenzo’ Torrez’ 1980 U.S. Senate Campaign against Barry Goldwater in Arizona. Such continued research is needed in order to preserve such history for future generations of activist to learn and draw upon in the cultivation of a heightened social and political consciousness in the spirit of social justice for the common good.","PeriodicalId":35150,"journal":{"name":"American Communist History","volume":"21 1","pages":"25 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49330406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informants by the Hundreds: FBI Penetration of the CPUSA","authors":"Harvey E. Klehr, J. Haynes","doi":"10.1080/14743892.2022.2049668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14743892.2022.2049668","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Examination of the role of FBI informants in the Communist Party of the United States of America from its formation until the 1970s indicates that FBI recruitment of informants and penetration of the CPUSA was smaller during the Party’s heyday in the 1930s than during its decline after World War II and collapse in the 1960s and 1970s. FBI efforts to recruit informants produced a significant number of valuable assets and stoked Party paranoia.","PeriodicalId":35150,"journal":{"name":"American Communist History","volume":"21 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49039125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Nothing Less than Full Freedom” Radical Immigrant Newspapers Champion Black Civil Rights","authors":"Robert M. Zecker","doi":"10.1080/14743892.2021.2009316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14743892.2021.2009316","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dissent from white ethnic hostility to blacks, as well as American segregation, was expressed in the pages of left-wing newspapers. Slovak Rovnosť ľudu and Polish Głos Ludowy (“People’s Voice”) demanded “nothing less than full freedom” for blacks, urging readers to embrace anti-lynching campaigns and the FEPC. Anti-integration housing riots were, to Głos Ludowy, manifestations of American fascism. The paper argued anti-black rioters were given “a skull-dugging support from certain sections of the Polish press.” The Communist Slovak paper, Rovnosť ľudu (“People’s Equality”) likewise condemned white mobs attacking black war workers seeking to enter Detroit’s Sojourner Truth Housing Project, and as early as 1937 letter writers to the paper “Condemned Prejudice Against Black Workers.” The same year the paper denounced discriminatory lending practices at the Home Owners Loan Corporation, a prescient exposé of the racially skewed provision of social benefits. After the war both papers declared lynching of black veterans and racial segregation were American-style Hitlerism. Both papers’ commitment to the wartime interracial Popular Front dissented from the more dominant embrace of whiteness. Głos Ludowy long continued its advocacy of racial equality. Extensive coverage was granted to civil-rights campaigns, while every white terrorist attack on activists was unequivocally denounced. The paper called the murder of Florida’s NAACP leader “a shame and blot upon America” that had “the earmarks of genocide.” “A burning concept of equality for the colored races” was articulated.","PeriodicalId":35150,"journal":{"name":"American Communist History","volume":"20 1","pages":"165 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43329310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}