{"title":"The old order changeth and giveth way to the new: WhatsApp debuts as a means of substituted service in Ghana","authors":"M. A. Mensa-Bonsu","doi":"10.1080/14729342.2015.1108121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2015.1108121","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The free mobile phone messaging application WhatsApp has recently made a successful debut into Ghana's legal order. With the leave of the High Court, it was used to effect smooth and uneventful substituted service on an elusive defendant. This note draws attention to the immense potential that such technologies hold for improving procedural efficiency in Ghana and other Commonwealth countries which, like Ghana, have a formal justice system fraught with resource challenges. Given the increasing participation of the Ghanaian populace in the technological age, WhatsApp's adoption as a tool of the legal process is an extremely useful and welcome development; a harbinger of cheaper, faster, more widely accessible justice.","PeriodicalId":35148,"journal":{"name":"Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"149 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14729342.2015.1108121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59820643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remedies for equitable wrongs: Coherence and limitation principles AIB Group (UK) Plc v Mark Redler & Co Solicitors [2014] UKSC 58","authors":"Ronald J. J. Wong","doi":"10.1080/14729342.2015.1100375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2015.1100375","url":null,"abstract":"A Introduction Since the House of Lords’ decision in Target Holdings Ltd v Redfern, uncertainty has arisen over whether causation limits equitable compensation for breach of trust. The traditional view of remedies for breach of trust was that a trustee who had misapplied trust funds was obliged to give an account and restore the misapplied assets in specie, failing which, the trustee was liable to make monetary compensation to restore the trust fund to the position it would have been in if not for the breach. To borrow the language of Professor Birks, the former is merely the enforcement of a trustee’s primary right of having the trust funds maintained which arose from a ‘not-wrong’ ie the beneficiary’s interest in the trust, whereas the latter is a remedial right which flows from the former. It was assumed that a beneficiary’s right to have the trust fund restored was not affected by any supervening causative events which might have led to a decrease in value of the trust fund.","PeriodicalId":35148,"journal":{"name":"Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"155 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14729342.2015.1100375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59820591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The enemy property laws in Bangladesh: grabbing lands under the guise of legislation","authors":"T. Yasmin","doi":"10.1080/14729342.2015.1101226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2015.1101226","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The law of enemy property has a long and complex history in Bangladesh. Although it originated from the emergency laws promulgated during the India-Pakistan war in 1965, its legacy continued in independent Bangladesh till recent years. The law, however, did not itself encourage any encroachment of property rights; rather it has been misused by different political regimes, to legalise the unlawful benefits accrued to influential land grabbers under the pretext of enemy property. This study, through a historical review, draws a legal analysis of how the process of taking over enemy properties by the government authorities had no legal justification and was used merely as a technique to deprive religious and indigenous minorities, of their lawful property rights. The study also scrutinises the present law, which promises to return the properties and attempts to look into the reasons behind its failure to make effective returns to the lawful owners.","PeriodicalId":35148,"journal":{"name":"Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"121 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14729342.2015.1101226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59820600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scrutinising parliament's scrutiny of delegated legislative power","authors":"G. Appleby, J. Howe","doi":"10.1080/14729342.2015.1123545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2015.1123545","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Delegation of legislative power to the Executive occupies a unique place within the constitutional division of power. As a matter of necessity, efficiency, responsiveness, and a desire for increased participation from industry, delegation of legislative power is common but surprisingly under-theorised and under-studied. For decades in Australia it has been the domain of the Parliament to determine the appropriate exercise and level of scrutiny for delegated legislative power. But the constitutional landscape may be changing. In the 2012 decision Williams v Commonwealth (No 1), the Australian High Court indicated a greater willingness to scrutinise more robustly the performance of Parliament's supervisory functions. Against the background of the Court's new interest in responsible government, we argue that the current parliamentary practice of review of the exercise of delegated power is unable to achieve robust accountability. Informed by the High Court's jurisprudence in Williams (No 1) and the theories of responsible government and separation of powers, we suggest reforms that will ensure Parliament is meeting its constitutional duty of calling the Executive to account to it and, ultimately, the people.","PeriodicalId":35148,"journal":{"name":"Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"3 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14729342.2015.1123545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59820683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liability for costs when class representatives change in Australia's federal class actions","authors":"V. Morabito","doi":"10.1080/14729342.2015.1123546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2015.1123546","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Unlike most orthodox litigation, class actions bind persons, generally called class members, who are not formal parties to the proceedings. As a result of this unique or sui generis nature of class action litigation, courts presiding over this type of litigation are frequently required to determine issues or questions (a) with respect to which little or no guidance has been provided by both the class action regime in question and the rules of court governing orthodox litigation and (b) that raise competing interests and values and have a significant impact on the ability of class actions to attain crucial aims, such as access to justice, that they were designed to secure. One of the issues or questions that brings to the fore the scenario depicted above is what impact will a change among the class representatives have on the ability of the defendants to recoup some of their legal costs, incurred before the change among their adversaries, if the outcome of the class action is in their favour. This important dimension of class action litigation will be canvassed with respect to Australia's federal class action regime which is one of the world's oldest and most vibrant class action regimes. This evaluation will be undertaken by employing the findings stemming from the first empirical study of this regime, which the author is currently conducting.","PeriodicalId":35148,"journal":{"name":"Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"71 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14729342.2015.1123546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59820695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Giving Effect to International Human Rights law in the Domestic context of Botswana: Dissonance and Incongruity in Judicial Interpretation","authors":"B. Maripe","doi":"10.1080/14729342.2015.1047654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2015.1047654","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since 1st April 2008, Botswana has been very vocal on international affairs. She has taken some very serious positions on the political front on events happening around the globe. Examples include her rejection of an African Union resolution not to cooperate with the International Criminal Court in the latter's quest to arrest and hand over Al Bashir of Sudan and Muammar Gaddafi of Libya to the International Criminal Court for prosecution, and defying an African Union resolution which sought to pressurise the International Criminal Court to drop charges against President Kenyatta of Kenya and his deputy Ruto. In all these cases her position was based on her self-declared status as a champion and observer of democracy and the rule of law. This has begged the question whether Botswana practices those norms within her domestic sphere and whether the practice of other organs of the state, in particular the judiciary, reflect the same international posture. The conclusion that will be reached is that the practice in Botswana is not quite in consonance with the position presented on the international plane.","PeriodicalId":35148,"journal":{"name":"Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"251 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14729342.2015.1047654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59820572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Filling in the Doughnut? Police Operational Discretion and the Law in Australia","authors":"D. Clark","doi":"10.1080/14729342.2015.1047649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2015.1047649","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper considers the rise of administrative accountability of police discretionary decisions in Australia. The expansion of review has been the result of new institutions such as police integrity units and police complaints bodies, as well as through administrative law remedies. In particular the paper shows that judicial review in the Australian federal system has increased surveillance over operational decision-making and the limits to that review. The paper concludes that the nature of police decision-making at the command level may be subject to scrutiny, but that street level operations remain mostly out of the reach of the courts.","PeriodicalId":35148,"journal":{"name":"Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"195 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14729342.2015.1047649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59820886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Good Faith Duties in Contract Performance","authors":"J. Paterson","doi":"10.1080/14729342.2015.1047655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2015.1047655","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There has been an ongoing debate in common law countries about the merits of recognising a general obligation to act in good faith in the performance of contracts. Courts in England, Australia, Canada and Singapore have responded differently to this possibility. However, courts in those jurisdictions have been prepared to imply a similar bundle of more specific duties that are increasingly seen as expressing the core content of any general principle of good faith in contract law. The ‘good faith’ duties promote loyalty or fidelity to the contractual relationship, primarily by requiring honesty and cooperation in contract performance and by precluding the exercise of discretionary contractual powers in a manner that is unreasonable or outside the proper purposes of the power. The presence of these duties in the relatively stable and commercially orientated contract law of the jurisdictions considered suggests that ideas of good faith need not produce undue uncertainty for contracting parties. On the other hand, the increasingly well-established operation of these more specific duties raises the question of what would be gained through recognising a general obligation of good faith performance in the common law of contract.","PeriodicalId":35148,"journal":{"name":"Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"283 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14729342.2015.1047655","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59820583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}