Cientifica最新文献_第9页

Bale quality and baler operational and economic performance as a function of working speeds and windrowed sugarcane trash volumes 捆质量和打捆机的操作和经济性能取决于工作速度和堆积的甘蔗垃圾量

Cientifica Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P156-163

Tiago Pereira da Silva Correia, Leandro Augusto Felix Tavares, A. Gomes, Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva, Saulo Fernando Gomes de Sousa

{"title":"Bale quality and baler operational and economic performance as a function of working speeds and windrowed sugarcane trash volumes","authors":"Tiago Pereira da Silva Correia, Leandro Augusto Felix Tavares, A. Gomes, Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva, Saulo Fernando Gomes de Sousa","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P156-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P156-163","url":null,"abstract":"Energy cogeneration from sugarcane trash generally occurs through mechanical baling. This work evaluates the influence of baler speed and windrowed sugarcane trash volume on the operational, economic performance, and quality of prismatic bales produced by a baler. The experiment was carried out in a sugarcane production area, using a baler that produces rectangular prismatic bales, driven by a tractor with 161.81 kW nominal power. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of two windrowed trash volumes (50 and 90%) and two working speeds (3 and 5 km h -1 ), with six replicates. The following were evaluated: mineral impurity, dry weight, and volume of bales, as well as fuel consumption, operational capacity, costs, and economic efficiency of baling. Bale volume was not influenced by windrowed trash volume and baler speed. Higher windrowed trash volume provided lower cost per bale and higher mineral impurity index and dry weight of bales. Hourly fuel consumption, operational field capacity, and bale production increased with increasing speed. The highest economic efficiency is obtained with higher speed and windrowed trash volume.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43821625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Phytomass addition and liming in the dynamics of soil chemical and physical attributes 植物质的添加和石灰化在土壤化学和物理属性动态中的作用

Cientifica Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P191-198

P. Silveira, A. Nascente, M. Carvalho

{"title":"Phytomass addition and liming in the dynamics of soil chemical and physical attributes","authors":"P. Silveira, A. Nascente, M. Carvalho","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P191-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P191-198","url":null,"abstract":"In tropical regions, a greater phytomass addition to the soil can help to improve soil quality. Additionally, the use of limestone is a fundamental practice in weathered soils of these regions. The objective of this is study was to quantify the effect of phytomass additions in terms of agricultural systems, limestone rates and application on the dynamics of soil chemical and physical attributes. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split-plot scheme, with four replicates. The plots consisted of two treatments: agricultural system with raining season and off-season cultivation and agricultural system only with raining season cultivation. Subplots were composed of five limestone rates: 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 t ha -1 . Subsubplots were two limestone management treatments: with and without incorporation. The experiment was conducted during four agricultural seasons, determining initial and final soil physical and chemical attributes, biomass production, and accumulated grain yield. The agricultural system with off-season cultivation increased the organic matter and calcium and magnesium contents in the topsoil. There was no effect of liming with up to 4 t ha -1 on soil chemical attributes. At the end of four years, soil density was lower and macroporosity was higher in the topsoil. In the four-year period, agricultural systems with off-season cultivation (millet and maize/brachiaria intercropping) provided greater grain and straw yields than agricultural systems without off-season cultivation.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44838442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison between classic survival analysis methods and competing risks for analysis of competing events 竞赛项目分析中经典生存分析方法与竞赛风险的比较

Cientifica Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P183-190

Flávia Silva Corrêa Tomaz, S. M. Filho, L. R. Macedo, Cristiane Márcia dos Santos

{"title":"Comparison between classic survival analysis methods and competing risks for analysis of competing events","authors":"Flávia Silva Corrêa Tomaz, S. M. Filho, L. R. Macedo, Cristiane Márcia dos Santos","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P183-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P183-190","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares two different methods for survival data analysis in the presence of competing events. The first method focused on standard survival analysis, more specifically on obtaining cumulative incidence by using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, modeling the effect of covariates by fitting the Cox proportional hazards model. Competing events were treated as censoring events. The second method, called competing risks, emphasized the achievement of cumulative incidence, modeling the effect of covariates based on the cumulative incidence function and the Fine and Gray model, respectively. To illustrate and compare these two methods, we used data on racehorse injuries. This study considered the following events: injuries due to claudication (main event) and injuries due to other causes (competing event). The results indicated that the incidence for each of the events was overestimated when using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Moreover, the modeling of covariate effects on specific risk fitted by the Cox model did not correspond to the effect on the incidence of this event fitted by the Fine and Gray model.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42521784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiological potential of soybean seeds under hypoxia and salinity stress 大豆种子在缺氧和盐度胁迫下的生理潜力

Cientifica Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P210-220

Carolina Chichanoski, Bruno Ribeiro Ferreira, L. M. Moterle, Renato Frederico dos Santos

{"title":"Physiological potential of soybean seeds under hypoxia and salinity stress","authors":"Carolina Chichanoski, Bruno Ribeiro Ferreira, L. M. Moterle, Renato Frederico dos Santos","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P210-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P210-220","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse factors affect the physiological performance of soybean seeds during field establishment. This study evaluates the physiological potential of Intacta soybean seeds under hypoxia and salinity stress, by submersion in water using different osmotic potentials. In both situations, three intact soybean cultivars (TMG 7062 IPRO, 63i64 RSF IPRO, 7166 RSF IPRO) were tested in the laboratory. To test the effect of hypoxia, the seeds subjected to the tests were previously immersed in water for periods of 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. In the evaluation of salinity stress, towel papers were moistened with different solutions of potassium chloride (KCl) (0.0; -0.4; -0.8; and -1.2 MPa). Seed germination and vigor (first germination count, shoot length, primary root length, and seedling dry biomass) were evaluated. Seed germination was negatively affected by the 12-hour period of hypoxia. Cultivars 763i64 and 7166 were more tolerant to hypoxia conditions. Cultivar 7062 was more tolerant to salinity stress. Osmotic potential of -0.4 MPa affected the vigor of soybean seeds. Soybean cultivars showed adaptive differences under hypoxia and salinity stress.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46625797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Drying kinetics and thermodynamic properties of pigeon pea beans 豌豆豆的干燥动力学和热力学性质

Cientifica Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P164-174

Rayonny Batista Maia, S. G. Santos, Juliano Silva Queiroz, R. Rodovalho, Daniel Pereira da Silva, V. N. D. M. Morgado

{"title":"Drying kinetics and thermodynamic properties of pigeon pea beans","authors":"Rayonny Batista Maia, S. G. Santos, Juliano Silva Queiroz, R. Rodovalho, Daniel Pereira da Silva, V. N. D. M. Morgado","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P164-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P164-174","url":null,"abstract":"Pigeon pea is a common plant cultivated in family farming. It is often used as a source of protein for animal breeding. The knowledge of the drying kinetics and the thermodynamic properties of pigeon pea beans ( Cajanus cajan ) is relevant for simulation of drying, which aims to maintain the quality of beans. The objective of this study is to estimate the drying curves of pigeon pea beans using mathematical models. This study also aims to determine their thermodynamic properties. Forced-drying greenhouses were used for the drying process. The initial water content of pigeon pea beans was 1.00 dry basis (db). Beans were weighed periodically until reaching a near equilibrium water content. Ten mathematical models were fitted to experimental data to characterize drying processes using the following statistical criteria: coefficient of determination (R²), mean relative error (P), mean standard error (SE), chi-square (χ²), and residue distribution. From the selected model and the Arrhenius equation, the effective diffusion coefficient and the activation energy used for the calculation of the enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were obtained. The Midilli was the best model to represent the kinetics of drying of pigeon pea beans. The increase in drying air temperature increases Gibs free energy and diffusivity, decreases enthalpy, and maintains the entropy negative.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46131012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Variabilidade espacial da resistência do solo à penetração em um sistema de semeadura direta 直播系统土壤渗透阻力的空间变异性

Cientifica Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P175-182

Jorge Wilson Cortez, Carlos Thiago Mercado Moreno, Luan Santos Farinha, Sálvio Napoleão Soares Arcoverde, Igor Queiroz Moraes Valente

{"title":"Variabilidade espacial da resistência do solo à penetração em um sistema de semeadura direta","authors":"Jorge Wilson Cortez, Carlos Thiago Mercado Moreno, Luan Santos Farinha, Sálvio Napoleão Soares Arcoverde, Igor Queiroz Moraes Valente","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P175-182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P175-182","url":null,"abstract":"A compactacao do solo reduz a qualidade estrutural do solo e pode limitar a producao agricola, devendo ser monitorada periodicamente. A resistencia do solo a penetracao tem sido utilizada por ser um indicador pratico e por estabelecer relacao com a densidade e o teor de agua no solo. Objetivou-se avaliar a variabilidade espacial da resistencia a penetracao (RP) de um Latossolo Vermelho distroferrico em sistema de semeadura direta. A coleta de dados ocorreu em area experimental de 10,54 ha, utilizando-se de grade amostral composta de 43 pontos. Em cada ponto, foi determinada a RP a partir de tres medicoes, a partir das quais foi obtida a RP media de cada camada, a RP maxima e a profundidade da RP maxima na camada de 0-0,40 m perfil. Amostras com estrutura deformada foram coletadas de forma aleatoria na area, para a determinacao do teor de agua no solo (U). Ocorreu dependencia espacial para RP dentro da grade amostral. Valores intermediarios (2,00-3,00 MPa) e criticos (3,00-4,00 MPa) de RP foram verificados em grande parte da area. Houve aumento da RP com a profundidade, atingindo niveis maximos principalmente entre 0,20 e 0,25 m. A geoestatistica permitiu o zoneamento da area definindo regioes com niveis criticos de compactacao, auxiliando na tomada de decisoes quanto a procedimentos de manejo de solo.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46307895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Grain yield and quality of common bean cultivars in response to nitrogen 氮素对普通豆品种籽粒产量和品质的影响

Cientifica Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P231-238

Bruno Aires, R. P. Soratto, F. V. C. Guidorizzi

{"title":"Grain yield and quality of common bean cultivars in response to nitrogen","authors":"Bruno Aires, R. P. Soratto, F. V. C. Guidorizzi","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P231-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P231-238","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most required by common bean, and the response to N fertilization may be variable among genotypes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the N nutrition, grain yield, grain size, and crude protein concentration of common bean cultivars in response to topdressing N rates. Two experiments were conducted on a Typic Rodudalf, under two growth conditions (“dry” and “rainy” seasons). A randomized complete block design with a 7 × 4 factorial arrangement and four replicates was used. The treatments consisted of seven cultivars (Perola, BRS Ametista, BRS Notavel, IPR Campos Gerais, IPR Tangara, IAC Formoso, and IAC Imperador) and four N rates (0, 35, 70, and 140 kg ha -1 ). The experiments were analyzed jointly. The application of N did not affect the cycle, plant population, and number of grains per pod, but increased the leaf N concentration, number of pods per plant, grain size, and grain yield, regardless of the cultivar. The responses of common bean cultivars to N rates varied according to the growth condition, with response to N only in the “rainy” season experiment, under conditions of lower N and higher C/N ratio in the straw of the preceding crop. The crude protein concentration in the grains was influenced in an inconsistent manner by the factors studied.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47397267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Competition limits of the yield components of the common bean ‘BRS Ártico’ with white grains 白粒普通豆‘BRS Ártico’产量成分的竞争极限

Cientifica Pub Date : 2019-03-20 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P46-51

P. Silveira, L. F. Stone

引用次数: 0

Detection of sugarcane leaf scald from latent infections 甘蔗叶片烫伤潜伏感染的检测

Cientifica Pub Date : 2019-03-20 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P21-27

V. Dias, R. C. Filho, É. C. Dianese, M. G. Cunha

{"title":"Detection of sugarcane leaf scald from latent infections","authors":"V. Dias, R. C. Filho, É. C. Dianese, M. G. Cunha","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P21-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P21-27","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf scald is one of the major bacterial diseases affecting sugarcane crop. Previous studies have reported the difficulty detection of the pathogen by conventional PCR when applied in asymptomatic plant material, where the pathogen population level is find below the detectable limit by conventional PCR. Because of this factor and the resilience of Xanthomonas albilineans at latent stage, our study aimed to enhance protocols, both extraction procedures of sugarcane juice and DNA extraction protocols from sugarcane juice for the detection of Xanthomonas albilineans even when the residual bacterial sample is minimal. We tested four techniques for sugarcane juice extraction: compressor, pressing, macerated and bacterial flow in water and four DNA extraction protocols, two of them considered quick or simple, a CTAB procedure and one commercial Kit. The results indicated that conventional PCR was not able to detect the pathogen in asymptomatic stalks. However, working on Nested-PCR, we could detect X. albilineans in latently infected plants in 100% of samples when the vascular fluid was extracted by bacterial water flow following a centrifugation, adding TAE and boiling as DNA extraction method.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49208384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acclimatization of micropropagated seedlings of pineapple cultivars on organic substrates 菠萝品种微繁殖苗在有机基质上的驯化

Cientifica Pub Date : 2019-03-20 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P52-61

Jefferson Bittencourt Venâncio, W. Araújo, E. Chagas

{"title":"Acclimatization of micropropagated seedlings of pineapple cultivars on organic substrates","authors":"Jefferson Bittencourt Venâncio, W. Araújo, E. Chagas","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P52-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P52-61","url":null,"abstract":"Fusariosis constitutes an important hindrance to pineapple farming in Brazil. The cultivars resistant to fusariosis, ‘Vitoria’ and ‘Imperial’, from in vitro culture, are an alternative for crop management. This work evaluates the vegetative performance of pineapple cultivars propagated by tissue culture in response to the use of organic substrates, different in nature and proportion. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, arranged in a 3×5 factorial scheme, with three pineapple cultivars (‘Perola’, ‘Vitoria’, and ‘Imperial’) and five substrates [ORG: Organoamazon®, organic compound; SS: Standard Substrate, soil + sand (1:1 v/v); SS + M + C: SS + sheep manure (M) + carbonized rice husk (C) (2:1:1 v/v); SS + M (3:1 v/v); SS + C (3:1 v/v), unfolded in mean contrasts]. The variables analyzed were shoot and root growth and shoot nutrient content. The vegetative performance of cultivars, considering the increase of shoot dry weight in the most responsive substrate, was: ‘Perola’ > ‘Vitoria’ > ‘Imperial’. Substrate ORG promoted higher increases in shoot dry weight (259%) and root density (116%) compared to the average of the other substrates. The growth promoted by ORG resulted in higher N, P, K, Ca, and Mg content in pineapple plants. Substrates ORG and SS + M + C are recommended for acclimatization of in vitro propagated pineapple seedlings in the period of ex vitro seedling acclimatization.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48300902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3