Cientifica最新文献_第5页

Antagonistic activity of rhizobacteria in the inhibition of the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) 根际细菌对真菌Pseudocercospora griseola（Sacc.）的拮抗作用

Cientifica Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P363-366

Tayla Évellin Oliveira, M. Resende, L. A. Florentino, N. C. D. Silva

引用次数: 0

Propriedades termodinâmicas da adsorção de água de grãos de Coffea arabica L. 小粒咖啡对水分吸附的热力学性质。

Cientifica Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P302-310

Samuel Gonçales Ferreira dos Santos, Vinicius Gonçalves de Almeida, Dennis Ricardo Cabral Cruz, R. S. Rodovalho

{"title":"Propriedades termodinâmicas da adsorção de água de grãos de Coffea arabica L.","authors":"Samuel Gonçales Ferreira dos Santos, Vinicius Gonçalves de Almeida, Dennis Ricardo Cabral Cruz, R. S. Rodovalho","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P302-310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P302-310","url":null,"abstract":"Os graos de cafe ( Coffea spp.) apresentam longevidade altamente dependente da disponibilidade de agua em seu interior, sendo que o incremento do teor de agua das mesmas pode prejudicar o armazenamento devido ao provavel aparecimento de microrganismos. O estudo das propriedades termodinâmicas proporciona o conhecimento da afinidade do sorvente pela agua e da espontaneidade do processo de sorcao, sendo parâmetros de suma importância no processo de secagem, na analise de projetos de equipamentos, processos de preservacao e acondicionamento de graos. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, determinar e avaliar as propriedades termodinâmicas em graos de Coffea arabica, com teores de agua de equilibrio na faixa de 1,91 a 25,34% base seca (b.s.) e atividade de agua entre 0,10 a 0,83 (decimal), nas temperaturas de 30, 40, 50 e 60 °C. O calor latente de vaporizacao, a entropia diferencial e a energia livre de Gibbs aumentam com a reducao do teor de agua dos graos. A temperatura isocinetica de 498,3433 ± 5,7013 K confirma a compensacao quimica linear entre a entalpia e a entropia diferenciais dos graos de Coffea arabica , sendo o processo de adsorcao dos graos controlado pela entalpia. A adsorcao da agua nos graos de Coffea arabica e um processo nao espontâneo.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45992086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Principal component analysis for selection of superior maize genotypes 玉米优良基因型选择的主成分分析

Cientifica Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P357-362

Eduardo Sávio Gomes Carnimeo, Luiz Eduardo Tilhaqui Bertasello, S. Dutra, G. V. Môro

{"title":"Principal component analysis for selection of superior maize genotypes","authors":"Eduardo Sávio Gomes Carnimeo, Luiz Eduardo Tilhaqui Bertasello, S. Dutra, G. V. Môro","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P357-362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P357-362","url":null,"abstract":"Constant advances in studies on the behavior of maize genotypes and their interactions with the environment are of great importance for the best performance of the plant. This study verifies effects and causes of agronomic variables of maize hybrids on grain yields and performs the indirect selection of superior genotypes by principal component analysis (PCA). Two hundred and thirty maize genotypes were used, with two hundred and twenty- -nine topcross hybrids (consisting of crossings of two hundred and twenty-nine partially inbred genotypes with a tester) and one check in a randomized block design with two repetitions. The genotypes were evaluated during the 2016 and 2016/2017 crops considering the agronomic variables plant height, ear insertion height, ear position, lodging, breakage, and grain yield. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) with subsequent multivariate exploratory analysis by PCA. In the principal component analysis, components explained 52.07% and 55.69% of the variance contained in the original variables for the 2016 and 2016/2017 crops, respectively. The variable that was most significant in both crops was ear insertion height, allowing the indirect selection of more productive genotypes. Indirect selection of the most productive genotypes was also conducted through variables that contributed significantly in the principal component analysis. Thus, the use of multivariate exploratory analysis is efficient in the characterization and selection of maize genotypes evaluated in different crop seasons.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41944471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ammonium/nitrate ratio in the initial growth of Guaco 瓜果生长初期铵硝比的变化

Cientifica Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P367-373

Weyla Silva de Carvalho, G. S. Souza, G. S. Brito, V. S. Almeida, J. C. Lima

引用次数: 0

Mineral nutrition and fertilization of sweet potato 甘薯的矿质营养与施肥

Cientifica Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P325-338

A. M. Fernandes, N. P. Ribeiro

{"title":"Mineral nutrition and fertilization of sweet potato","authors":"A. M. Fernandes, N. P. Ribeiro","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P325-338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P325-338","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a versatile crop, but it is often grown in marginal and low-fertility areas, which reflects storage root yields far below its potential. For this reason, balanced liming and fertilization in sweet potato are essential to increase crop yield. Based on this approach, themes related to the nutritional requirements of sweet potato are presented and discussed considering the main cultivars currently used in Brazil as well as references for rational fertilization management in this crop. Sweet potato is a crop that absorbs large amounts of nutrients during its development cycle, but this should not be used as a prerogative to excessively increase the fertilizer rates applied in this root crop. As a strategy for rational fertilization management, one should take advantage of the ability of this crop to associate with N-fixing microorganisms, thus reducing the use of mineral N. Moreover, it is necessary to encourage the use of organic fertilizer, whether using animal manure or green manure. In addition to increasing storage root yield and improving storage root shape, organic fertilizers can partially replace mineral chemical fertilizers. Studies aimed at updating cultivar-specific potassium and phosphate fertilizer recommendations should also be encouraged, as well as research addressing micronutrient supply for sweet potato. Additional keywords: Ipomoea batatas L.; mineral fertilizer; nutrients; nutritional status; organic fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43798489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of Azospirillum brasilense on yield components of maize 巴西固氮螺菌对玉米产量构成因素的影响

Cientifica Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P351-356

Vinícius Duarte Segismundo, Kevyn Belonssi de Oliveira, Jussara Barros Silva, Lucélia Fátima dos Santos, G. V. Môro

{"title":"Effect of Azospirillum brasilense on yield components of maize","authors":"Vinícius Duarte Segismundo, Kevyn Belonssi de Oliveira, Jussara Barros Silva, Lucélia Fátima dos Santos, G. V. Môro","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P351-356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P351-356","url":null,"abstract":"Among the countless operations involved in the maize production system, nitrogen fertilization is essential for the crop yield and development. However, due to the costs and negative environmental impacts caused by chemical fertilization, the use of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense is an alternative to reduce costs and increase yield. Thus, this study evaluates the effect of inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense on the yield components of synthetic varieties of maize. The experiments were carried out at UNESP – Jaboticabal Campus, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The randomized block design was used with two replicates, testing forty-six maize genotypes: forty-four synthetic genotypes and two checks. Experiments were performed without nitrogen topdressing and with Azospirillum brasilense inoculation and, with nitrogen topdressing and without Azospirillum brasilense inoculation. Grain yield, average weight of grains, prolificacy, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows and number of grains per row were evaluated. The analysis of combined variance of experiments was performed considering the effects of genotypes, experiments, and the Genotype x Experiment interaction. Using the means from the analysis of variance, the Scott-Knott test was applied at 5% probability for the cases in which the F test was significant. It was found that bacterial inoculation increased yield, average weight of grains, ear diameter, and number of rows, while nitrogen fertilization increased prolificacy, ear length, and number of grains per row.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42195132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Anadenathera macrocarpa (Benth) Brenan extracts in tomato, pepper and corn seedlings 大carpa (Benth) Brenan提取物对番茄、辣椒和玉米幼苗的影响

Cientifica Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P317-324

Luciana Barboza Silva, G. Lopes, Eliane Carneiro, Sammy Nery de Souza, M. L. S. Filho, F. A. Almeida

{"title":"Effect of Anadenathera macrocarpa (Benth) Brenan extracts in tomato, pepper and corn seedlings","authors":"Luciana Barboza Silva, G. Lopes, Eliane Carneiro, Sammy Nery de Souza, M. L. S. Filho, F. A. Almeida","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P317-324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P317-324","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to study the effect of ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Anadenathera macrocarpa (angico-preto) on the germination and development of tomato, pepper and maize seedlings. For the bioassays, concentrations of 0, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg mL -1 were used. Fifty seeds of each plant species were used to evaluate daily germination and ten seedlings were used to evaluate growth. The primary root growth of the maize was stimulated by the 250 mg mL -1 concentration of the leaf extract and in the presence of the bark extract the growth was linear. The germination speed index and germination percentage increased when using the concentrations of 615.8 and 724.4 mg mL -1 , respectively. The concentration of 654.9 mg mL -1 increased the hypocotyl length and that of 628.1 mg mL -1 increased the radicle length of pepper. The length of the tomato radicle was influenced by the concentrations; it was shorter as the concentration increased. Therefore, despite acting differently in each species, A. macrocarpa leaf and bark extracts interfere with the germination and growth of the tested crops.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43493670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficiency of pendimethalin, ioxynil, and accase inhibitors in controlling weeds in direct seeding onion 戊二甲基萘啶、异氧尼和酶抑制剂对洋葱直播杂草的防治效果

Cientifica Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P311-316

Marcelo Pezenti, Diogo Luiz Fruet, Dieison Olescowicz, Cristiane Wernke, N. Guerra, A. M. O. Neto

{"title":"Efficiency of pendimethalin, ioxynil, and accase inhibitors in controlling weeds in direct seeding onion","authors":"Marcelo Pezenti, Diogo Luiz Fruet, Dieison Olescowicz, Cristiane Wernke, N. Guerra, A. M. O. Neto","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P311-316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P311-316","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates whether the initial application of pendimethalin can increase the efficiency of ioxynil and ACCase inhibitor treatments in controlling weeds in direct seeding onion. The experiment was carried out in a commercial field in Ituporanga city, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The onion cultivar Bola Precoce was used. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (2 x 3) + 1, with four replications. Treatments consisted of pendimethalin application in the initial stage (0 or 600 g ha -1 ), three treatments based on ioxynil and ACCase inhibitors, sprayed at postemergence (ioxynil + clethodim (formulated as Select ® ); ioxynil + fluazifop; and ioxynil + clethodim (formulated as Poquer ® )), and a weeded control. Pendimethalin was sprayed immediately after onion crop establishment, and postemergence treatments were sprayed when the onion had 3 and 4 leaves (two sequential applications). The following were evaluated: control of Lolium multiflorum , Coronopus didymus , and Galinsoga parviflora , plant stand, bulb diameter, bulb weight, and total bulb yield. All treatments reached 100% control of L. multiflorum . All treatments were ineffective in controlling C. didymus and G. parviflora ; however, the control of these weeds increased after pendimethalin application. The chemical treatments tested did not negatively influence any of the studied onion crop variables. There was a significant difference only for pendimethalin application in the initial stage, which significantly favored the variables under study. Pendimethalin application in the initial onion stage improved weed control and helped in maintaining bulb yield in direct seeding onion.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48970358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical indicators after mechanical scarification in a Yellow Oxisol under no-tillage 免耕条件下黄壤机械翻松后的物理指标

Cientifica Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P396-402

L. A. P. L. Nunes, Bruno Karvand Ferreira Soares, R. S. Sousa, Thiago Ibiapina, L. R. Barbosa

{"title":"Physical indicators after mechanical scarification in a Yellow Oxisol under no-tillage","authors":"L. A. P. L. Nunes, Bruno Karvand Ferreira Soares, R. S. Sousa, Thiago Ibiapina, L. R. Barbosa","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P396-402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2020V48N4P396-402","url":null,"abstract":"Scarification improves soil physical conditions, resulting in suitable conditions for root growth in crops and water infiltration. This study evaluates the effects of mechanical scarification on the physical attributes of a Yellow Oxisol cultivated with soybean under no-tillage in the Savanna of Piaui state, Brazil. Three areas under soybean cultivation were chosen, namely: one in the second year of cultivation under no-tillage (CS2); one cultivated for ten years under no-tillage (CS10); one area with soybeans identical to the previous one, but with scarification for a year (ESC); and a native Savana vegetation (CV), used as control. Density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, and soil resistance to penetration at depths between 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m were evaluated. The CS area showed decreased physical indicator values compared to the other management systems. Scarification was efficient in improving soil density, total porosity, and soil resistance to penetration at depths between 0.00 and 0.20 m. CS2 and CV areas showed more favorable physical indicator values. Through multivariate analyses, it was possible to identify which physical variables correlated with each type of soil management and the effects of these managements on the physical characteristics of the soil studied.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42682218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Application stages and nitrogen sources in topdressing of super-early bean crop irrigated 超早大豆灌溉追肥的施用阶段及氮源

Cientifica Pub Date : 2020-06-29 DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2020v48n2p147-153

Jair Leão Da Silva Júnior, A. Braz, Paulo Fernandes Boldrin, Camila Jorge Bernabé Ferreira, Pedro Marques Da Silveira

{"title":"Application stages and nitrogen sources in topdressing of super-early bean crop irrigated","authors":"Jair Leão Da Silva Júnior, A. Braz, Paulo Fernandes Boldrin, Camila Jorge Bernabé Ferreira, Pedro Marques Da Silveira","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2020v48n2p147-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2020v48n2p147-153","url":null,"abstract":"Producing food in a sustainable manner, exploiting the genetic potential of crops and optimizing cultivation time to ensure increased production are the biggest challenges for agriculture. The cultivation of super-early common bean lineages with high productive capacity leads to minor water consumption in crops under irrigation and vacate the area in less time. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield components of super-early cycle common bean cultivars, under irrigated system in function of sources of nitrogen (N) as well as to assess different application stages. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design in a factorial scheme 4x3 + 1, corresponding of four sources of N in coverage (urea, urea + ammonium sulfate, urea + ammonium sulfate + elemental sulfur and urea + elemental sulfur), three application stages (V3, V4 and R5) and a control treatment. The N incorporation did not influence on the grain yield of the super-early cycle common bean regardless of the source and season, whereas significant results were merely found when compared to the control. The number of pods was affected when the application was carried out at the R5 stage, with a significant reduction in this yield component. The relative chlorophyll index was lower when nitrogen coverage was performed at the R5 stage.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49588682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0