Clinical Biochemist Reviews最新文献

Diagnostic Evaluation of Renal Tubular Acidosis: A Clinical Biochemistry Perspective 肾小管酸中毒的诊断评价:临床生化角度

Clinical Biochemist Reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.33176/aacb-22-00001

P. Bonnitcha, D. Chesher

引用次数: 0

Digital Disruption in Healthcare and its Impact on Laboratory Services 医疗保健中的数字化颠覆及其对实验室服务的影响

Clinical Biochemist Reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.33176/aacb-21-00004

T. Badrick, T. P. Loh

{"title":"Digital Disruption in Healthcare and its Impact on Laboratory Services","authors":"T. Badrick, T. P. Loh","doi":"10.33176/aacb-21-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33176/aacb-21-00004","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical laboratories provide critical information for the diagnosis and management of disease and receive and send data to multiple sites every day. Laboratories are knowledge managers. We shall discuss digitalisation and disruption. Digitalisation is the act of changing business processes through the use of digital technology. Disruption is a radical change to an existing industry; examples include Uber, Waze and Airbnb. In the case of digital disruption, the enablers include advancement in mobile consumer technology, sensor technology, increasing consumer familiarisation and acceptance of digital platform and mobile technology, electronic payment technology and internet availability and stability. We reviewed these concepts in healthcare, where consumers can reach out to healthcare professionals as and when required, using the power of technology and the internet. This concept’s ‘triple aim’ is a medical system that delivers high quality, accessible, and low-cost healthcare. Barriers to healthcare digital disruption include privacy, personal data protection, cybersecurity, medico-legal liability, licensing, costs, regulations, limits of non-touch consultation (lack of physical examination), and the reluctance of clinical professionals to be involved. In laboratory medicine, there are many examples of digitalisation including some that meet the definition of disruption including mobile phlebotomists, mobile point-of-care laboratories and home testing. Digital disruption has been a disrupter in many areas. There are many areas in laboratory medicine where digital disruption will occur such as electronic medical records, mobile phones, and wearables. The impact may be significant.","PeriodicalId":34924,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biochemist Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69515200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Standardisation of Dietary and Medication Restrictions for Urine 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) Collection 尿5-羟基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)收集的饮食和药物限制的标准化

Clinical Biochemist Reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.33176/aacb-21-00006

Shohini Mukerji, C. Chiang, G. Woollard, K. Choy, Lucy Ding

{"title":"Standardisation of Dietary and Medication Restrictions for Urine 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) Collection","authors":"Shohini Mukerji, C. Chiang, G. Woollard, K. Choy, Lucy Ding","doi":"10.33176/aacb-21-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33176/aacb-21-00006","url":null,"abstract":"The dietary restriction advice provided by Australian clinical laboratories to patients prior to 24-hour urine collection of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) has not been standardised. Variation exists between the lists of foods and medications patients are requested to avoid and in the duration for which the restrictions must be applied. Furthermore, the evidence for some of these restrictions is limited or outdated. A review of current literature identified that the main foods which significantly elevate urine 5-HIAA levels are plantain, banana, walnuts, hickory nuts, pineapple, plums, tomatoes, kiwifruits and avocados. These need to be avoided for at least two days prior to and during the collection period. Alcohol should be avoided for a minimum of one day before the collection and dietary supplements containing 5-hydroxytryptophan should be avoided for at least 14 days prior. Certain medications may cause false elevations of 5-HIAA but many are dependent on the assay used. Contrary to historical recommendations, we found insufficient information to warrant restriction of eggplant/aubergine, coffee, tea, milk chocolate and vanilla.","PeriodicalId":34924,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biochemist Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69515214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digoxin: Review of Current Laboratory Practice and Considerations 地高辛:当前实验室实践和考虑的回顾

Clinical Biochemist Reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.33176/aacb-22-00002

O. Treacy

引用次数: 0

Proceedings of the Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine's 2021 Virtual Scientific Conference. 澳大利亚临床生物化学和实验室医学协会2021年虚拟科学会议论文集。

Clinical Biochemist Reviews Pub Date : 2021-12-01

引用次数: 0

The Role of PINP in Diagnosis and Management of Metabolic Bone Disease. PINP 在代谢性骨病诊断和管理中的作用。

Clinical Biochemist Reviews Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.33176/AACB-20-0001

Melissa J Gillett, Samuel D Vasikaran, Charles A Inderjeeth

{"title":"The Role of PINP in Diagnosis and Management of Metabolic Bone Disease.","authors":"Melissa J Gillett, Samuel D Vasikaran, Charles A Inderjeeth","doi":"10.33176/AACB-20-0001","DOIUrl":"10.33176/AACB-20-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Serum procollagen type I N-propeptide (PINP) is designated the reference marker of bone formation in osteoporosis; the reference marker for resorption is C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX). PINP has very low circadian and biological variation, is not affected by food intake, and is very stable in serum after venepuncture. The two automated commercial assays for PINP provide similar results in subjects with normal renal function, allowing reference intervals to be used interchangeably. Bone turnover markers (BTM) are currently not recommended for fracture risk assessment and therefore not included in fracture risk calculators. In the management of osteoporosis, the main utility of BTM including PINP is for monitoring therapy, both antiresorptive as well as anabolic agents; monitoring is thought to help improve adherence. PINP as well as CTX may also be used in assessing offset of drug action following a pause in bisphosphonate therapy, to help decide when to re-instate therapy, or following cessation of denosumab therapy to assess efficacy of follow-on bisphosphonate therapy. PINP may also be used in the diagnosis of Paget's disease of bone as well as in monitoring response to therapy and for recurrence. Although BTM other than bone alkaline phosphatase are currently not recommended for use in metabolic bone disease of chronic kidney disease, PINP measured by assays specific to the intact molecule has potential in this condition. Further studies are needed to examine this area, as well as in malignant bone disease.","PeriodicalId":34924,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biochemist Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8252919/pdf/cbr-42-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39218895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Emerging Role of Copeptin. Copeptin的新作用。

Clinical Biochemist Reviews Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.33176/AACB-20-00001

R Jalleh, D J Torpy

{"title":"The Emerging Role of Copeptin.","authors":"R Jalleh, D J Torpy","doi":"10.33176/AACB-20-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33176/AACB-20-00001","url":null,"abstract":"Direct measurement of the nonapeptide vasopressin has been limited by analyte instability ex vivo and in vivo rapid degradation, low serum concentrations requiring a sensitive assay and inherent secretory pulsatility. Copeptin is a 39 amino acid glycopeptide cleavage product of vasopressin synthesis with high stability, providing a marker of vasopressin secretion. Copeptin measurement has applications in diagnosis of diabetes insipidus and other diseases with altered vasopressin secretion. This review summarises our current understanding of serum copeptin measurement in diabetes insipidus and possible future applications of copeptin assays. As vasopressin is a stress hormone, there is emerging evidence on the use of copeptin for diagnosis and prognostication of disorders such as syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion, diabetes mellitus, critical illness, stroke, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, renal disease and thermal stress. Copeptin concentration measurement is likely to improve the diagnostic reliability of diabetes insipidus and, as a marker of stress, may have diagnostic or prognostic utility in specific clinical circumstances. Further studies are needed to determine if goal-directed therapy using plasma copeptin concentrations may improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":34924,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biochemist Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9205176/pdf/cbr-42-17.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40059102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Report of the Survey Conducted by RCPAQAP on Current Practices for Beta-Migrating Paraprotein Reporting. RCPAQAP关于β -迁移副蛋白报告的现行实践的调查报告。

Clinical Biochemist Reviews Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.33176/AACB-21-00001

Joel D Smith, Nilika Wijeratne, Hans G Schneider, Theo de Malmanche, Pravin Hissaria, Stephen Du Toit, Weldon Chiu, Conchita Boyder, Ian M Morison, Anfernee Tseng, Kaye Glegg, Louise Wienholt, Peter Mollee

引用次数: 1

Vitamin D Metabolism and Guidelines for Vitamin D Supplementation. 维生素D代谢和维生素D补充指南。

Clinical Biochemist Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.33176/AACB-20-00006

Indra Ramasamy

{"title":"Vitamin D Metabolism and Guidelines for Vitamin D Supplementation.","authors":"Indra Ramasamy","doi":"10.33176/AACB-20-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33176/AACB-20-00006","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D is essential for bone health and is known to be involved in immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Vitamin D status remains a significant health issue worldwide. However, there has been no clear consensus on vitamin D deficiency and its measurement in serum, and clinical practice of vitamin D deficiency treatment remains inconsistent. The major circulating metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), is widely used as a biomarker of vitamin D status. Other metabolic pathways are recognised as important to vitamin D function and measurement of other metabolites may become important in the future. The utility of free 25(OH)D rather than total 25(OH)D needs further assessment. Data used to estimate the vitamin D intake required to achieve a serum 25(OH)D concentration were drawn from individual studies which reported dose-response data. The studies differ in their choice of subjects, dose of vitamin D, frequency of dosing regimen and methods used for the measurement of 25(OH)D concentration. Baseline 25(OH)D, body mass index, ethnicity, type of vitamin D (D2 or D3) and genetics affect the response of serum 25(OH)D to vitamin D supplementation. The diversity of opinions that exist on this topic are reflected in the guidelines. Government and scientific societies have published their recommendations for vitamin D intake which vary from 400-1000 IU/d (10-25 μg/d) for an average adult. It was not possible to establish a range of serum 25(OH)D concentrations associated with selected non-musculoskeletal health outcomes. To recommend treatment targets, future studies need to be on infants, children, pregnant and lactating women.","PeriodicalId":34924,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biochemist Reviews","volume":"41 3","pages":"103-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731935/pdf/cbr-41-103.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38731073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

Considerations for Group Testing: A Practical Approach for the Clinical Laboratory. 团体检测的注意事项：临床实验室实用方法》。

Clinical Biochemist Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.33176/AACB-20-00007

Jun G Tan, Aznan Omar, Wendy By Lee, Moh S Wong

{"title":"Considerations for Group Testing: A Practical Approach for the Clinical Laboratory.","authors":"Jun G Tan, Aznan Omar, Wendy By Lee, Moh S Wong","doi":"10.33176/AACB-20-00007","DOIUrl":"10.33176/AACB-20-00007","url":null,"abstract":"Group testing, also known as pooled sample testing, was first proposed by Robert Dorfman in 1943. While sample pooling has been widely practiced in blood-banking, it is traditionally seen as anathema for clinical laboratories. However, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has re-ignited interest for group testing among clinical laboratories to mitigate supply shortages. We propose five criteria to assess the suitability of an analyte for pooled sample testing in general and outline a practical approach that a clinical laboratory may use to implement pooled testing for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. The five criteria we propose are: (1) the analyte concentrations in the diseased persons should be at least one order of magnitude (10 times) higher than in healthy persons; (2) sample dilution should not overly reduce clinical sensitivity; (3) the current prevalence must be sufficiently low for the number of samples pooled for the specific protocol; (4) there is no requirement for a fast turnaround time; and (5) there is an imperative need for resource rationing to maximise public health outcomes. The five key steps we suggest for a successful implementation are: (1) determination of when pooling takes place (pre-pre analytical, pre-analytical, analytical); (2) validation of the pooling protocol; (3) ensuring an adequate infrastructure and archival system; (4) configuration of the laboratory information system; and (5) staff training. While pool testing is not a panacea to overcome reagent shortage, it may allow broader access to testing but at the cost of reduction in sensitivity and increased turnaround time.","PeriodicalId":34924,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biochemist Reviews","volume":"41 3","pages":"79-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731934/pdf/cbr-41-79.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38731068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0