Economics and the Mathematical Methods最新文献_第2页

Method for assessing the results of hierarchical socio-economic systems’ functioning based on the aggregated production function 基于聚合生产函数的分级社会经济系统运行结果评估方法

Economics and the Mathematical Methods Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880016428-9

R. Zhukov

{"title":"Method for assessing the results of hierarchical socio-economic systems’ functioning based on the aggregated production function","authors":"R. Zhukov","doi":"10.31857/s042473880016428-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s042473880016428-9","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000The article presents a method that develops a methodology for assessing the functioning of hierarchical socio-economic systems. The methodology includes formalized description of the object of research and the construction of partial and integral performance indicators. Performance indicators are calculated using production functions. The method is based on an algorithm for constructing an aggregated production function, which is used to calculate the normative (expected) value of the result of the functioning of the object of research. Using the example of the regions in Central Federal District and data for 2007–2016 testing and comparative analysis of four algorithms for estimating the parameters of the aggregate production function in the construction of the integral indicator are carried out. The gross regional product for the NACE sections (C, D and E) was chosen as effective indicators. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows. Three algorithms for constructing the distribution density of an aggregated random variable, which is a combination of residuals from econometric equations that describe the particular results of the functioning of elements of a hierarchical socio-economic system, are proposed and tested. The distribution density is used to find the parameters of the aggregated production function. For the two-dimensional case, analytical expression of the corresponding probability distribution density is obtained. The conclusion about the possibility of using the method to evaluate the results of the functioning of hierarchical socio-economic systems is substantiated.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":349012,"journal":{"name":"Economics and the Mathematical Methods","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121845573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New guidelines for choosing priority areas of economic diversification based on a system of situational centers 基于情景中心系统选择经济多样化优先领域的新指导方针

Economics and the Mathematical Methods Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880023017-7

M. Afanasiev

{"title":"New guidelines for choosing priority areas of economic diversification based on a system of situational centers","authors":"M. Afanasiev","doi":"10.31857/s042473880023017-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s042473880023017-7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000One of the important management functions of the situation center system is to ensure planning (strategic, medium term, and operational), which includes justification of goals, optimal allocation of resources to achieve the goals, taking into account economic complexity, evolutionary conditionality and innovation activity. There is no universal solution to promote economic development and structural change. It is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the regions when developing and designing industrial and economic policies. An approach to assessing priority areas of diversification based on recommendations for the development of sectors is presented. The approach is focused on increasing the economic complexity of the regional economy, taking into account the evolutionary conditionality of its development, the impact of innovative activity of regions and the provision of sectors with resources. Its capabilities have been tested for 14 sectors of the economy of the Belgorod region on 2019 data. For each sector, estimates were obtained according to six criteria. Sectors whose characteristics have the property of Pareto optimality in the considered multiple choice problem are priority when choosing the direction of diversification of the regional economy. The implementation of the proposed approach using digital technologies in regional situation centers can ensure coordination of decisions taken by regions when choosing priority areas of diversification in order to increase economic security. The methodology used makes it possible to take into account and display in real time in the initial information considered by any region the decisions already taken by other regions, which is an urgent task for the system of situational centers.","PeriodicalId":349012,"journal":{"name":"Economics and the Mathematical Methods","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124594376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The concept and types of network capital (example of aircraft industry) 网络资本的概念与类型(以航空工业为例)

Economics and the Mathematical Methods Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880018963-8

I. Komarova

{"title":"The concept and types of network capital (example of aircraft industry)","authors":"I. Komarova","doi":"10.31857/s042473880018963-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s042473880018963-8","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000The functioning of network forms of economic interaction leads to the formation and accumulation of special kind of capital — network capital — assets of a certain degree of specificity, capable of generating benefits only within the framework of these network structures. The article identifies the main types of network capital and the conditions for their formation. It is determined that the transition to increasingly close and dependent forms of network interactions is associated with the accumulation of a greater value and variety of network capital types. Depending on the availability of certain types of network capital, the amount of investment in specific assets, as well as the tightness of connections within the network, the main types of networks are identified — market, partner, dependent, clan and hierarchical networks. As an example, the main types of network capital formed in the global value chains of the aircraft industry are presented. It has been determined that the central agent of a network can simultaneously enter into network forms of cooperation with different companies, — different in terms of tightness and interdependence, while forming different types of total network capital. Neoclassical and institutional economic theories, theory of contracts, economic sociology were used as the methodological basis of the research.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":349012,"journal":{"name":"Economics and the Mathematical Methods","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127027355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-economic development of the region 新冠肺炎疫情对本地区社会经济发展的影响

Economics and the Mathematical Methods Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880022737-9

O. Golovanov

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-economic development of the region","authors":"O. Golovanov","doi":"10.31857/s042473880022737-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s042473880022737-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an analysis of the consequences of economic instability caused by the COVID‑19 pandemic for the socio‑economic development of the region. The study was carried on the example of the Sverdlovsk region according to the Federal State Statistics Service. The article sets and solves three research problems. First, to assess how the overall socio‑economic condition of the region has changed because of the COVID‑19 pandemic. Second, to identify the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on the nature and structure of the relationship between the socio‑economic indicators of the region. Third, to analyze the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on the trends in the socio‑economic indicators of the region, considering their possible delay and seasonal fluctuations. The first task is solved using statistical methods of pattern recognition, the second task — by methods of multivariate correlation analysis, and for the third task stochastic time series models are used. The largest contribution to the division into clusters was made by the number of births, the turnover of public catering and the volume of goods, works and services performed on their own; their dynamics most clearly traces the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic in the Sverdlovsk region. Multidimensional correlation analysis established that because of the introduction of restrictive and supportive measures, multidirectional trends in the socio‑economic indicators of the region were formed, which violated the previously established relationships between them. Based on the obtained coefficients of the autoregressive model, one can find a certain pattern consisting in the growth of the influence of short‑term (lag 1 and 3 months) and the decrease of the long‑term influence (lag 12 months) change in indicators. According to the calculations obtained, the economy of the Sverdlovsk region during the analyzed period failed to overcome the destabilizing effect of the consequences of the COVID‑19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":349012,"journal":{"name":"Economics and the Mathematical Methods","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121470400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The income approach to the problems of optimizing the repair policy 收益法研究维修策略优化问题

Economics and the Mathematical Methods Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880019997-5

S. Smolyak

{"title":"The income approach to the problems of optimizing the repair policy","authors":"S. Smolyak","doi":"10.31857/s042473880019997-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s042473880019997-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the application of approaches and methods used in the valuation of assets to the problems of reliability theory – the assignment of service life and the timing of preventive repairs to degrading item that are subject to failures. In the works on reliability, changes in the characteristics of the item after repair are described by Kijima models and their modifications, in which the state of item is characterized by a virtual / effective age. A similar indicator has been widely used in appraisal activity since the middle of the last century. Meanwhile, it turns out that indicators of this type do not allow us to adequately describe the state of degraded repairable items. It is proposed to describe their condition by two indicators – the age (operating time) at the beginning of the current inter-repair cycle and the same in this cycle. In combination with Kijima's ideas, this allows us to offer a more adequate model of changing the item’s characteristics after repair. To assign service life and terms of preventive maintenance of items, a well-grounded criterion of optimality is required.It is shown that the usually accepted criterion of the minimum expected maintenance and repair costs per unit of time does not meet the interests of enterprises participating in the market. We propose to use the so-called income approach to valuation, focused on maximizing the market value of the enterprise (in the simplest case, this approach leads to the criterion of the expected discounted costs per unit of work performed by the item). This makes it possible to assess the market value of the work performed by the item necessary for calculations, and the corresponding assessment method can be attributed to the cost approach.We construct and analyze the corresponding mathematical models, provide an algorithm for solving them and a numerical example demonstrating the irrationality of commonly used repair policies.","PeriodicalId":349012,"journal":{"name":"Economics and the Mathematical Methods","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125599511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On simplification of the transport problem solution with ecological criterion 用生态准则简化交通问题的求解

Economics and the Mathematical Methods Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880025864-9

V. Assaul

{"title":"On simplification of the transport problem solution with ecological criterion","authors":"V. Assaul","doi":"10.31857/s042473880025864-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s042473880025864-9","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The possibility of neglecting the penalty component in solving the transport problem (TP) with an environmental criterion is analyzed, when, along piece-rate payment, fixed additives are assigned, due only to the fact of a specific transportation, and not to the amount of transported cargo (penalties). It was found that, while the threshold ratios of the standard deviations of tariffs and fines in a TP with a single optimal plan can be grouped quite tightly, in a TP with a non-unique optimal plan, their use is not effective due to the large spread. However, the possibility of applying the “looping” method proposed by the authors, when the TP is solved many times, in which penalties are added to the tariffs, divided first by the maximum possible transportation, then by the transportation plan at the previous step, allows neglecting the “penalties” if the loop ends at the first step. The disadvantage and reason for the approximate nature of the “looping” method is the possible presence of other cycles with local minima. The possibility of the “exclusions” method presented in the paper is also considered, when for a TK with n suppliers and m customers cells are excluded in descending order of fines if the remaining parts of capacities and capacities are sufficient. The ability to distribute transportation after R = (nm – (n + m – 1)) steps allows you to ignore tariffs when choosing a plan. The disadvantage of this method, equivalent to allocative least cost method is the possible difficulties in arranging transportations after R steps of exclusion made under the assumption of a “saturated” use of cells.","PeriodicalId":349012,"journal":{"name":"Economics and the Mathematical Methods","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131080829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agent-based modeling for a complex world. Part 1 基于智能体的复杂世界建模。第1部分

Economics and the Mathematical Methods Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880018970-6

V. Makarov

引用次数: 1

Rationing and market: Structure and stability of equilibria 配给制与市场:均衡的结构与稳定性

Economics and the Mathematical Methods Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880025860-5

F. Zak

{"title":"Rationing and market: Structure and stability of equilibria","authors":"F. Zak","doi":"10.31857/s042473880025860-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s042473880025860-5","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, state control of the economy has increased in many countries. A number of states try to influence prices in key areas of economy, in particular by selling resources at fixed prices within given quotas. However, in real economies the governments cannot prevent economic agents from reselling rationed goods at the free market. The study of impact of rationing on the market prices is a difficult and challenging problem. In the present paper we consider an equilibrium model in which part of the goods within the limits of quotas is sold at fixed prices while the remaining goods are sold at market prices; the goods bought at fixed prices can also be resold at market prices. Economy depends on parameters, viz. total resources, incomes of the participants, quotas, and fixed prices. For special values of parameters, this model reduces to pure exchange and fixed income models and, in a sense, is a combination of these models. Basing on known properties of these special cases and using techniques of elementary differential topology, we study the existence of equilibria and their properties. Depending on the values of parameters, a (sufficiently general) economy may have a finite (even or odd) number of equilibria, and in an important special case when total resources are subject to rationing and the total cost of allocated quotas coincides with the total income of the participants the equilibria form a one-dimensional manifold. We consider a generalized tâtonnement process and study its convergence under certain assumptions. It is shown that in our setup convergence of tâtonnement to an equilibrium may involve endogenous inflation.","PeriodicalId":349012,"journal":{"name":"Economics and the Mathematical Methods","volume":"12 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120822282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of the agents’ personal qualities on the exogenous formation of Stackelberg leadership in a collective action model 集体行动模型中行为人个人素质对Stackelberg领导外生形成的影响

Economics and the Mathematical Methods Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880023021-2

E. Skarzhinskaya

{"title":"The influence of the agents’ personal qualities on the exogenous formation of Stackelberg leadership in a collective action model","authors":"E. Skarzhinskaya","doi":"10.31857/s042473880023021-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s042473880023021-2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Within a mathematical modelling framework, we analyse conditions that prevent a self-governed collective from breaking out of an inefficient Nash equilibrium and attaining Pareto-preferable outcomes. It is assumed that by each member’s individual efforts aggregate income is created being equally distributed among members of a collective. Effort invested by each agent is complementary, i.e. increased effort by any individual agent increases marginal income produced by any other agent. Each agent’s goal is to maximize their own individual gain. We propose a model built for the collective income function with constant income elasticity per each agent’s effort that abides to the condition of decreasing returns. All members of the collective wield identical influence on the size of the income. Within a timingdecisions mechanism, each member of the collective faces the dilemma: whether to deploy an active strategy i.e., put in their effort during the first time period, or opt for a follower’s strategic timing and invest their effort during the second time period. The follower’s strategy yields greater gains, but only when some other agents choose the active strategy. In the event that not a single active agent appears, the entire collective falls into the trap of inefficient Nash equilibrium. We show that as the number of active agents grows, cumulate gains increase for all members of the collective. Maximum gains obtainable by a follower exceed the highest gain of an active agent, and are received only if the follower is the last agent remaining. It follows, therefore, that this maximum winner must be a risk-taking, egotistic optimist.","PeriodicalId":349012,"journal":{"name":"Economics and the Mathematical Methods","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131325564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic model of the software development market based on the assignment problem on pain points 基于痛点分配问题的软件开发市场动态模型

Economics and the Mathematical Methods Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880017518-8

I. Lesik

{"title":"Dynamic model of the software development market based on the assignment problem on pain points","authors":"I. Lesik","doi":"10.31857/s042473880017518-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s042473880017518-8","url":null,"abstract":"The authors propose the formulation of a discrete dynamic model of the software developmentmarket (SM) based on the assignment problem (AP) on pain points (PP), which can also be obtained according to the scheme used in (Vasin, Grigorieva, Lesik, 2018), if we abandon the integer number of elements of the assignment matrix. However, there are also features: equilibrium prices can be calculated directly, and therefore a variational formulation of the internal problem of determining equilibrium prices based on Debreu's theorem (Debreu, 1954) is not required. The functions of changing the phase coordinates can be taken convex, for example, the norm of the difference in the square, and do not take into account the constant costs for each control switching. Such a statement is also given in this paper. If we have a dynamic expansion of the AP on PP, it is possible to determine the additional profit of the transport system through the use of futures. Formulas for the components of the gradient of the indicator are obtained. This allows us to organize a gradient method for solving a dynamic AP on PP. The authors also demonstrate an approximate algorithm and a model example of its use for solving the dynamic expansion of the AP on PP, based on solving the current static problem with an increment of those elements of the efficiency matrix that coincide with the corresponding elements of the optimal assignment matrix, if we abandon the integer nature of the assignment matrix. This is equivalent to randomization of the assignment problem, when the corresponding assignments are implemented with certain probabilities, which are used to determine the error of the approximate algorithm by comparing it with the exact solution obtained with the gradient method for sufficiently large values of penalty constants.","PeriodicalId":349012,"journal":{"name":"Economics and the Mathematical Methods","volume":"458 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123096339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0