SPIE Security + Defence最新文献_第10页

Simulation of atmospheric and terrestrial background signatures for detection and tracking scenarios 用于探测和跟踪情景的大气和地面背景特征的模拟

SPIE Security + Defence Pub Date : 2015-10-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2196382

C. Schweitzer, K. Stein

{"title":"Simulation of atmospheric and terrestrial background signatures for detection and tracking scenarios","authors":"C. Schweitzer, K. Stein","doi":"10.1117/12.2196382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2196382","url":null,"abstract":"In the fields of early warning, one is depending on reliable image exploitation: Only if the applied detection and tracking algorithms work efficiently, the threat approach alert can be given fast enough to ensure an automatic initiation of the countermeasure. In order to evaluate the performance of those algorithms for a certain electro-optical (EO) sensor system, test sequences need to be created as realistic and comprehensive as possible. Since both, background and target signature, depend on the environmental conditions, a detailed knowledge of the meteorology and climatology is necessary. Trials for measuring these environmental characteristics serve as a solid basis, but might only constitute the conditions during a rather short period of time. To represent the entire variation of meteorology and climatology that the future system will be exposed to, the application of comprehensive atmospheric modelling tools is essential. This paper gives an introduction of the atmospheric modelling tools that are currently used at Fraunhofer IOSB to simulate spectral background signatures in the infrared (IR) range. It is also demonstrated, how those signatures are affected by changing atmospheric and climatic conditions. In conclusion – and with a special focus on the modelling of different cloud types - sources of error and limits are discussed.","PeriodicalId":348143,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Security + Defence","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127298756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incremental concept learning with few training examples and hierarchical classification 基于少量训练样本和分层分类的增量概念学习

SPIE Security + Defence Pub Date : 2015-10-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2194438

H. Bouma, P. Eendebak, K. Schutte, G. Azzopardi, G. Burghouts

引用次数: 12

FRIT characterized hierarchical kernel memory arrangement for multiband palmprint recognition 基于FRIT的多波段掌纹识别核存储器分层结构

SPIE Security + Defence Pub Date : 2015-10-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2190204

D. Kisku, Phalguni Gupta, J. Sing

引用次数: 0

Reconstruction of time-correlated single-photon counting range profiles of moving objects 运动物体时间相关单光子计数距离轮廓的重建

SPIE Security + Defence Pub Date : 2015-10-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.2194859

P. Jonsson, Julia Hedborg, M. Henriksson, L. Sjöqvist

{"title":"Reconstruction of time-correlated single-photon counting range profiles of moving objects","authors":"P. Jonsson, Julia Hedborg, M. Henriksson, L. Sjöqvist","doi":"10.1117/12.2194859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2194859","url":null,"abstract":"Time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) is a laser radar technique that can provide range profiling with subcentimetre range resolution. The method relies on accurate time measurements between a laser pulse sync signal and the registration of a single-photon detection of photons reflected from an object. The measurement is performed multiple times and a histogram of arrival times is computed to gain information about surfaces at different distances within the field of view of the laser radar. TCSPC is a statistic method that requires an integration time and therefore the range profile of a non-stationary object (target) will be corrupted. However, by dividing the measurement into time intervals much shorter than the total acquisition time and cross correlating the histogram from each time interval it is possible calculate how the target has moved relative to the first time interval. The distance as a function of time was fitted to a polynomic function. This result was used to calculate a distance correction of every single detection event and the equivalent stationary histogram was reconstructed. Series of measurements on the objects with constant or non-linear velocities up to 0.5 m/s were performed and compared with stationary measurements. The results show that it is possible to reconstruct range profiles of moving objects with this technique. Reconstruction of the signal requires no prior information of the original range profile and the instantaneous and average velocities of the object can be calculated.","PeriodicalId":348143,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Security + Defence","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128868359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

3D sensing and imaging for UAVs 用于无人机的三维传感和成像

SPIE Security + Defence Pub Date : 2015-10-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.2192834

C. Grönwall, G. Tolt, Patrik Lif, H. Larsson, Fredrik Bissmarck, M. Tulldahl, M. Henriksson, P. Wikberg, Mirko Thorstensson

{"title":"3D sensing and imaging for UAVs","authors":"C. Grönwall, G. Tolt, Patrik Lif, H. Larsson, Fredrik Bissmarck, M. Tulldahl, M. Henriksson, P. Wikberg, Mirko Thorstensson","doi":"10.1117/12.2192834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2192834","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes on-going work on 3D sensing and imaging for unmanned aerial vehicles UAV carried laser sensors. We study sensor concepts, UAVs suitable for carrying the sensors, and signal processing for mapping and target detection applications. We also perform user studies together with the Swedish armed forces, to evaluate usage in their mission cycle and interviews to clarify how to present data.\u0000Two ladar sensor concepts for mounting in UAV are studied. The discussion is based on known performance in commercial ladar systems today and predicted performance in future UAV applications. The small UAV is equipped with a short-range scanning ladar. The system is aimed for quick situational analysis of small areas and for documentation of a situation. The large UAV is equipped with a high-performing photon counting ladar with matrix detector. Its purpose is to support large-area surveillance, intelligence and mapping operations. Based on these sensors and their performance, signal and image processing support for data analysis is analyzed. Generated data amounts are estimated and demands on data storage capacity and data transfer is analyzed.\u0000We have tested the usage of 3D mapping together with military rangers. We tested to use 3D mapping in the planning phase and as last-minute intelligence update of the target. Feedback from these tests will be presented. We are performing interviews with various military professions, to get better understanding of how 3D data are used and interpreted. We discuss approaches of how to present data from 3D imaging sensor for a user.","PeriodicalId":348143,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Security + Defence","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131320220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Lidar measurement as support to the ocular hazard distance calculation using atmospheric attenuation 激光雷达测量为利用大气衰减计算眼危害距离提供支持

SPIE Security + Defence Pub Date : 2015-10-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.2194259

K. Gustafsson, R. Persson, F. Gustafsson, Folke Berglund, Julia Hedborg, Jonas Malmquist

{"title":"Lidar measurement as support to the ocular hazard distance calculation using atmospheric attenuation","authors":"K. Gustafsson, R. Persson, F. Gustafsson, Folke Berglund, Julia Hedborg, Jonas Malmquist","doi":"10.1117/12.2194259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2194259","url":null,"abstract":"The reduction of the laser hazard distance range using atmospheric attenuation has been tested with series of lidar measurements accomplished at the Vidsel Test Range, Vidsel, Sweden. The objective was to find situations with low level of aerosol backscatter during this campaign, with the implications of low extinction coefficient, since the lowest atmospheric attenuation gives the highest ocular hazards. The work included building a ground based backscatter lidar, performing a series of measurements and analyzing the results. The measurements were performed during the period June to November, 2014. The results of lidar measurements showed at several occasions’ very low atmospheric attenuation as a function of height to an altitude of at least 10 km. The lowest limit of aerosol backscatter coefficient possible to measure with this instrument is less than 0.3•10-7 m-1 sr-1. Assuming an aerosol lidar ratio between 30 – 100 sr this leads to an aerosol extinction coefficient of about 0.9 - 3•10-6 m-1. Using a designator laser as an example with wavelength 1064 nm, power 0.180 W, pulse length 15 ns, PRF 11.5 Hz, exposure time of 10 sec and beam divergence of 0.08 mrad, it will have a NOHD of 48 km. With the measured aerosol attenuation and by assuming a molecule extinction coefficient to be 5•10-6 m-1 (calculated using MODTRAN (Ontar Corp.) assuming no aerosol) the laser hazard distance will be reduced with 51 - 58 %, depending on the lidar ratio assumption. The conclusion from the work is; reducing of the laser hazard distance using atmospheric attenuation within the NOHD calculations is possible but should be combined with measurements of the attenuation.","PeriodicalId":348143,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Security + Defence","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125165140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparison of high speed imaging technique to laser vibrometry for detection of vibration information from objects 高速成像技术与激光测振法检测物体振动信息的比较

SPIE Security + Defence Pub Date : 2015-10-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.2194753

G. Paunescu, P. Lutzmann, B. Göhler, D. Wegner

引用次数: 9

Accuracy evaluation of 3D lidar data from small UAV 小型无人机三维激光雷达数据精度评价

SPIE Security + Defence Pub Date : 2015-10-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.2194508

H. M. Tulldahl, Fredrik Bissmarck, H. Larsson, C. Grönwall, G. Tolt

{"title":"Accuracy evaluation of 3D lidar data from small UAV","authors":"H. M. Tulldahl, Fredrik Bissmarck, H. Larsson, C. Grönwall, G. Tolt","doi":"10.1117/12.2194508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2194508","url":null,"abstract":"A UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) with an integrated lidar can be an efficient system for collection of high-resolution and accurate three-dimensional (3D) data. In this paper we evaluate the accuracy of a system consisting of a lidar sensor on a small UAV. High geometric accuracy in the produced point cloud is a fundamental qualification for detection and recognition of objects in a single-flight dataset as well as for change detection using two or several data collections over the same scene. Our work presented here has two purposes: first to relate the point cloud accuracy to data processing parameters and second, to examine the influence on accuracy from the UAV platform parameters. In our work, the accuracy is numerically quantified as local surface smoothness on planar surfaces, and as distance and relative height accuracy using data from a terrestrial laser scanner as reference. The UAV lidar system used is the Velodyne HDL-32E lidar on a multirotor UAV with a total weight of 7 kg. For processing of data into a geographically referenced point cloud, positioning and orientation of the lidar sensor is based on inertial navigation system (INS) data combined with lidar data. The combination of INS and lidar data is achieved in a dynamic calibration process that minimizes the navigation errors in six degrees of freedom, namely the errors of the absolute position (x, y, z) and the orientation (pitch, roll, yaw) measured by GPS/INS. Our results show that low-cost and light-weight MEMS based (microelectromechanical systems) INS equipment with a dynamic calibration process can obtain significantly improved accuracy compared to processing based solely on INS data.","PeriodicalId":348143,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Security + Defence","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133995632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Active-imaging-based underwater navigation 基于主动成像的水下导航

SPIE Security + Defence Pub Date : 2015-10-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.2199912

D. Monnin, Gwenaél Schmitt, C. Fischer, Martin Laurenzis, F. Christnacher

引用次数: 4

SIBI: A compact hyperspectral camera in the mid-infrared SIBI:一种紧凑的中红外高光谱相机

SPIE Security + Defence Pub Date : 2015-10-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.2195241

Armande Pola Fossi, Y. Ferrec, R. Domel, C. Coudrain, N. Guerineau, N. Roux, Oscar D'almeida, Marc Bousquet, E. Kling, H. Sauer

引用次数: 3