M. M. Lunar, Jianxin Sun, John Wensowitch, Michael Fay, Halit Bugra Tulay, Venkat Sai Suman Lamba Karanam, Brian Qiu, Deepak Nadig, G. Attebury, Hongfeng Yu, J. Camp, C. E. Koksal, D. Pompili, B. Ramamurthy, M. Hashemi, E. Ekici, M. Vuran
{"title":"OneLNK: One Link to Rule Them All: Web-based Wireless Experimentation for Multi-vendor Remotely Accessible Indoor/Outdoor Testbeds","authors":"M. M. Lunar, Jianxin Sun, John Wensowitch, Michael Fay, Halit Bugra Tulay, Venkat Sai Suman Lamba Karanam, Brian Qiu, Deepak Nadig, G. Attebury, Hongfeng Yu, J. Camp, C. E. Koksal, D. Pompili, B. Ramamurthy, M. Hashemi, E. Ekici, M. Vuran","doi":"10.1145/3477086.3480835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477086.3480835","url":null,"abstract":"As evolving wireless network architectures become more diverse, complex, and interdependent, and equipment costs prohibit broad access to such networks, remotely accessible experimental testbeds are gaining interest in recent years in wireless communication and networking research. This interest has exacerbated in 2020 and became a vital need during the current global pandemic. However, providing end-users of various educational backgrounds access to radio devices from a heterogeneous set of vendors is challenging. This paper introduces OneLNK, a remotely accessible testbed consisting of radio devices from three different vendors and developed using open source cloud-native technologies. End-users can access the functionalities of OneLNK from a single webpage without any local installations. Using the web URL, users can operate radio devices, set experiment parameters, observe results in real-time, and save generated experiment data for all radio devices. The interactive web UI and its working mechanism for supporting radio equipment are covered with specific experiment capabilities. A diverse set of radio equipment (mmWave, sub-GHz SDR, and sub-6GHz SDR) are facilitated to explain these capabilities. Moreover, measurements of path loss, Received Signal Strength (RSS), and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) using devices from three different vendors operating on a vast spectrum (568 MHz, 5.8 GHz, and 60 GHz) are reported. The majority of the remotely accessible OneLNK platform was developed remotely during the pandemic by a team of experts from five U.S. states.","PeriodicalId":347962,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & CHaracterization","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122509489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imran Khan, Moinak Ghoshal, Shivang Aggarwal, Dimitrios Koutsonikolas, Joerg Widmer
{"title":"Multipath TCP in Smartphones Equipped with Millimeter Wave Radios","authors":"Imran Khan, Moinak Ghoshal, Shivang Aggarwal, Dimitrios Koutsonikolas, Joerg Widmer","doi":"10.1145/3477086.3480839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477086.3480839","url":null,"abstract":"The well-known susceptibility of millimeter wave links to human blockage and client mobility has recently motivated researchers to propose approaches that leverage both 802.11ad radios (operating in the 60 GHz band) and legacy 802.11ac radios (operating in the 5 GHz band) in dual-band commercial off-the-shelf devices to simultaneously provide Gbps throughput and reliability. One such approach is via Multipath TCP (MPTCP), a transport layer protocol that is transparent to applications and requires no changes to the underlying wireless drivers. However, MPTCP (as well as other bundling approaches) have only been evaluated to date in 60 GHz WLANs with laptop clients. In this work, we port for first time the MPTCP source code to a dual-band smartphone equipped with an 802.11ad and an 802.11ac radio. We discuss the challenges we face and the system-level optimizations required to enable the phone to support Gbps data rates and yield optimal MPTCP throughput (i.e., the sum of the individual throughputs of the two radios) under ideal conditions. We also evaluate for first time the power consumption of MPTCP in a dual-band 802.11ad/ac smartphone and provide recommendations towards the design of an energy-aware MPTCP scheduler. We make our source code publicly available to enable other researchers to experiment with MPTCP in smartphones equipped with millimeter wave radios.","PeriodicalId":347962,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & CHaracterization","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116750623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tingjun Chen, Prasanthi Maddala, P. Skrimponis, Jakub Kolodziejski, X. Gu, A. Paidimarri, S. Rangan, G. Zussman, I. Seskar
{"title":"Programmable and Open-Access Millimeter-Wave Radios in the PAWR COSMOS Testbed","authors":"Tingjun Chen, Prasanthi Maddala, P. Skrimponis, Jakub Kolodziejski, X. Gu, A. Paidimarri, S. Rangan, G. Zussman, I. Seskar","doi":"10.1145/3477086.3480834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477086.3480834","url":null,"abstract":"While millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless has recently gained tremendous attention with the transition to 5G, developing a broadly accessible experimental infrastructure will allow the research community to make significant progress in this area. Hence, in this paper, we present the design and implementation of various programmable and open-access 28/60 GHz software-defined radios (SDRs), deployed in the PAWR COSMOS advanced wireless testbed. These programmable mmWave radios are based on the IBM 28 GHz 64-element dual-polarized phased array antenna module (PAAM) subsystem board and the Sivers IMA 60 GHz WiGig transceiver. These front ends are integrated with USRP SDRs or Xilinx RF-SoC boards, which provide baseband signal processing capabilities. Moreover, we present measurements of the TX/RX beamforming performance and example experiments (e.g., real-time channel sounding and RFNoC-based 802.11ad preamble detection), using the mmWave radios. Finally, we discuss ongoing enhancement and development efforts focusing on these radios.","PeriodicalId":347962,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & CHaracterization","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114308579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Gringoli, Marco Cominelli, Alejandro Blanco Pizarro, Joerg Widmer
{"title":"AX-CSI: Enabling CSI Extraction on Commercial 802.11ax Wi-Fi Platforms","authors":"F. Gringoli, Marco Cominelli, Alejandro Blanco Pizarro, Joerg Widmer","doi":"10.1145/3477086.3480833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477086.3480833","url":null,"abstract":"Channel state information (CSI) is paramount to modern Wi-Fi communication systems, as it allows for proper equalization of frames at the receiver side and enables advanced signal processing techniques such as beamforming and MIMO. Given that the CSI can accurately mirror physical changes in the wireless channel, CSI analysis has become a valuable resource to many wireless sensing applications based on the opportunistic use of Wi-Fi signals. Since CSI can usually not be accessed by users directly, several CSI extraction tools have been published over the last few years for various Wi-Fi chipsets. In this paper, we present the first system ever capable of extracting CSI from 802.11ax consumer devices using the Broadcom 43684 Wi-Fi chipset. This platform can extract up to 160 MHz-wide CSI using 4x4 MIMO, and it is compatible with the latest HE PHY. We make our CSI extraction tool available to the research community to foster further work on this emerging topic.","PeriodicalId":347962,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & CHaracterization","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130320639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NexRAN","authors":"Dave Johnson, Dustin Maas, Jacobus Van Der Merwe","doi":"10.1145/3477086.3480842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477086.3480842","url":null,"abstract":"Much like earlier \"network softwarization\" efforts, the Open RAN concept is poised to have a transformative impact on the manner in which radio access networks (RANs) are realized and operated. The inherent complexity of the RAN ecosystem and the fact that it is rapidly evolving makes Open RAN a rich area of research into use cases, system realization, security, and more. This same complexity, however, hampers research efforts. Specifically, there is a lack of end-to-end open source software and fully-developed use cases associated with the Open RAN ecosystem. Further, to truly advance the state of the art will require use cases to be explored in realistic wireless environments. This paper describes our efforts to address these shortcomings by realizing NexRAN, a top-to-bottom, open-source Open RAN use case in the POWDER mobile and wireless research platform. Specifically, NexRAN allows closed-loop control of a RAN slicing realization in an O-RAN ecosystem. RAN slicing is implemented in the srsRAN open source mobility stack and is exposed through a custom service model to the NexRAN xApp, which executes on a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) from the O-RAN Alliance. The NexRAN xApp realizes policy driven closed-loop control of RAN slices by reading the current state of RAN elements (using the O-RAN key performance measurements (KPM) service model) and controlling slice behavior via the custom slicing service model. We demonstrate and evaluate NexRAN in the POWDER platform and have open sourced all aspects of our realization to enable research into this domain.","PeriodicalId":347962,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & CHaracterization","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115936815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dragoslav Stojadinovic, P. Netalkar, Carlos E. Caicedo Bastidas, I. Kadota, G. Zussman, I. Seskar, D. Raychaudhuri
{"title":"A Spectrum Consumption Model-based Framework for DSA Experimentation on the COSMOS Testbed","authors":"Dragoslav Stojadinovic, P. Netalkar, Carlos E. Caicedo Bastidas, I. Kadota, G. Zussman, I. Seskar, D. Raychaudhuri","doi":"10.1145/3477086.3480836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477086.3480836","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a wireless experimentation framework for studying dynamic spectrum access mechanisms and an experiment that showcases its capabilities. The framework was built on COSMOS, an advanced wireless testbed designed to support real-world experimentation of next generation wireless technologies and applications. Our deployed framework supports experimentation over a large number of wireless networks, with a PUB-SUB based network interaction structure, based on the Collaborative Intelligent Radio Networks (CIRN) Interaction Language (CIL) developed by DARPA for the Spectrum Collaboration Challenge (SC2). As such, it enables interaction and message exchanges between the networks for the purposes of coordinating spectrum use. For our experiment, the message exchanges are aimed primarily for, but not limited to, Spectrum Consumption Model (SCM) messages. RF devices/systems use SCM messages which contain detailed information about their wireless transmission characteristics (i.e., spectrum mask, frequency, bandwidth, power and location) to determine their operational compatibility (non-interference) with prior transmitters and receivers, and to dynamically determine spectrum use characteristics for their own transmissions.","PeriodicalId":347962,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & CHaracterization","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123761727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keith Powell, Andrew L. Yingst, T. Rahman, V. Marojevic
{"title":"Handover Experiments with UAVs: Software Radio Tools and Experimental Research Platform","authors":"Keith Powell, Andrew L. Yingst, T. Rahman, V. Marojevic","doi":"10.1145/3477086.3480841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477086.3480841","url":null,"abstract":"Mobility management is the key feature of cellular networks. When integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into cellular networks, their cell association needs to be carefully managed for coexistence with other cellular users. UAVs move in three dimensions and may traverse several cells on their flight path, and so may be subject to several handovers. In order to enable research on mobility management with UAV users, this paper describes the design, implementation, and testing methodology for handover experiments with aerial users. We leverage software-defined radios (SDRs) and implement a series of tools for preparing the experiment in the laboratory and for taking it outdoors for field testing. We use solely commercial off-the-shelf hardware, open-source software, and an experimental license to enable reproducible and scalable experiments. Our initial outdoor results with two SDR base stations connected to an open-source software core network, implementing the 4G long-term evolution protocol, and one low altitude UAV user equipment demonstrate the handover process.","PeriodicalId":347962,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & CHaracterization","volume":"390 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122849689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Experimental Evaluation of MQTT Authentication and Authorization in IoT","authors":"M. Michaelides, C. Sengul, P. Patras","doi":"10.1145/3477086.3480838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477086.3480838","url":null,"abstract":"Security vulnerabilities make the Internet of Things (IoT) systems open to online attacks that threaten both their operation and user privacy. Among the many protocols governing IoT operation, MQTT has seen wide adoption, but comes with rudimentary security support. Specifically, while the MQTT standard strongly recommends that servers (brokers) offer Transport Layer Security (TLS), it is mainly concerned with the message transmission protocol, leaving to implementers the responsibility for providing appropriate security features. However, well-known solutions for Web Security (OAuth2) exist, which may benefit MQTT. This paper presents systematic implementation efforts and practical experimentation to evaluate the feasibility of one such approach, namely the MQTT-TLS profile for the Authentication and Authorization in Constrained Environments (ACE), recently specified by the IETF. Our implementation includes the functionality for (1) the Authorization Server (AS), to handle client registration, authorization policies, and Access Tokens; (2) the MQTT broker, to enforce authentication in both MQTT versions 3.1.1 and 5. Together, these enable ACE-MQTT clients to use (3) OAuth2-based authentication and authorization via Proof of Possession tokens. We make the source-code of our ACE-MQTT implementation publicly available, and evaluate it against plain MQTT systems in realistic settings with different computation constraints. To assess the cost of security, we measure the CPU, memory, network usage, and energy consumption. The results obtained confirm that the ACE requirements match the capabilities of moderately constrained devices, hence providing an affordable mechanism to secure MQTT systems.","PeriodicalId":347962,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & CHaracterization","volume":"22 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131584260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongwei Zhang, Y. Guan, A. Kamal, D. Qiao, Mai Zheng, A. Arora, O. Boyraz, Brian Cox, Thomas Daniels, M. Darr, Doug Jacobson, A. Khokhar, Sang Kim, J. Koltes, Jia Liu, M. Luby, L. Nadolny, J. Peschel, P. Schnable, Anuj Sharma, Arun Somani, Lie Tang
{"title":"ARA: A Wireless Living Lab Vision for Smart and Connected Rural Communities","authors":"Hongwei Zhang, Y. Guan, A. Kamal, D. Qiao, Mai Zheng, A. Arora, O. Boyraz, Brian Cox, Thomas Daniels, M. Darr, Doug Jacobson, A. Khokhar, Sang Kim, J. Koltes, Jia Liu, M. Luby, L. Nadolny, J. Peschel, P. Schnable, Anuj Sharma, Arun Somani, Lie Tang","doi":"10.1145/3477086.3480837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477086.3480837","url":null,"abstract":"The rural US includes 72% of the nation's land and 46 million people, and it serves as major sources of food and energy for the nation. Thus rural prosperity is essential to US wellbeing. As a foundation for next-generation rural economy and communities, broadband connectivity is a key driver of rural prosperity. Yet 39% of the rural US lacks broadband access, and most agriculture (ag) farms are not connected at all. To address the rural broadband challenge, we will develop the ARA rural wireless living lab. ARA will not only serve as a first-of-its-kind, real-world wireless experimental infrastructure for smart and connected rural communities, it will also provide the living lab processes, activities, and organizations to engage the broad wireless and application communities in the research, education, innovation, and pilot of affordable, high-capacity rural broadband solutions. Through this visioning article, we illustrate the community, application, economic, and operational contexts of rural wireless, the design of ARA, ARA-enabled research, and how ARA is expected to make rural broadband as affordable as urban broadband today. This article is also a call-to-action for the broad wireless and application communities to participate in the ARA living lab activities and to join the ARA Consortium of public-private partners in shaping the future of advanced wireless, rural broadband, and rural communities in general.","PeriodicalId":347962,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & CHaracterization","volume":"313 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128628531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Buczek, L. Bertizzolo, S. Basagni, T. Melodia
{"title":"What is A Wireless UAV?: A Design Blueprint for 6G Flying Wireless Nodes","authors":"John Buczek, L. Bertizzolo, S. Basagni, T. Melodia","doi":"10.1145/3477086.3480840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477086.3480840","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) were introduced in the world of 4th generation networks (4G) as cellular users, and have attracted the interest of the wireless community ever since. In 5G, UAVs operate also as flying Base Stations providing service to ground users. They can also implement independent off-the-grid UAV networks. In 6G networks, wireless UAVs will connect ground users to in-orbit wireless infrastructure. As the design and prototyping of wireless UAVs are on the rise, the time is ripe for introducing a more precise definition of what is a wireless UAV. In doing so, we revise the major design challenges in the prototyping of wireless UAVs for future 6G spectrum research. We then introduce a new wireless UAV prototype that addresses these challenges. The design of our wireless UAV prototype will be made public and freely available to other researchers.","PeriodicalId":347962,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & CHaracterization","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132762547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}