Journal of Psychedelic Studies最新文献_第5页

The content of complex psychedelic experiences resulting from inhalation of N,N-dimethyltryptamine 因吸入N,N-二甲基色胺而产生的复杂迷幻体验的内容

IF 4.5

Journal of Psychedelic Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1556/2054.2022.00209

Stephen Kagan

{"title":"The content of complex psychedelic experiences resulting from inhalation of N,N-dimethyltryptamine","authors":"Stephen Kagan","doi":"10.1556/2054.2022.00209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00209","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines narratives describing complex psychedelic experiences after smoking N,N-dimethyltryptamine.The narrative accounts examined here were gathered from a variety of online sites and analyzed in order to discover themes, categories and patterns in the phenomenon of the resulting psychedelic experiences.Subjects reported seeing complex and unusual visual and synesthetic phenomena, leaving this world and entering into extraordinary places, encounters with a variety of strange entities, interactions with unusual objects and a wide variety of powerful feelings. The general categories of Places, Objects, Entities and Feelings were found in the phenomena experienced by people who smoked N,N-Dimethyltryptamine. These provided a framework within which more detailed subcategories were found and the range of most frequent to least frequent experiences were identified.While DMT experiences are commonly described by people smoking N,N-dimethyltryptamine as indescribable, unique to everyone and taking place in a single domain called Hyperspace or the Hyperdimension, this research found distinct subcategories of frequently visited Places as well as frequently encountered Entities, Objects and Feelings. From these a more comprehensive understanding can be developed of the unusual and profound experiences resulting from inhalation of N,N,-Dimethyltryptamine.","PeriodicalId":34732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychedelic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48943847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychedelic-supportive psychotherapy: A psychotherapeutic model for, before and beyond the medicine experience 迷幻支持性心理治疗:在药物治疗之前和之后的一种心理治疗模式

IF 4.5

Journal of Psychedelic Studies Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.1556/2054.2022.00192

Elizabeth Wolfson

{"title":"Psychedelic-supportive psychotherapy: A psychotherapeutic model for, before and beyond the medicine experience","authors":"Elizabeth Wolfson","doi":"10.1556/2054.2022.00192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00192","url":null,"abstract":"A renaissance is underway as research studies are substantiating psychotherapeutic and physiological benefits of psychedelic medicines, along with advancements towards legalization, expansion of professional training programs and a renewed cultural recognition of the healing qualities of the medicines. Pending legislation, a cadre of trained psychotherapists are poised to apply their expertise for those who might benefit however, they are currently largely blocked from doing so. There are also ranks of competent psychedelically informed psychotherapists who might provide support to clients engaging with the medicines but are lacking guidelines to do so.\u0000 ‘Psychedelic-Supportive Psychotherapy’ is a proposed model which might be immediately implemented by qualified practitioners for working with clients adjacent to but not during a medicine experience without compromising ethical or legal risk. This model aimed at psychotherapists who are increasingly challenged to help clients already engaging with or considering psychedelics, draws from the current field of knowledge to respond to a moral imperative for practitioners to act in the service of client's best interests and expand access for diverse communities. It balances psychedelic harm reduction perspectives with support for the emotional, psychological, and spiritual gains to be had when clients use psychedelics outside of therapy and can process the experience within their therapy. The model of psychedelic-supportive psychotherapy,’ is transtheoretical, its core premise being centrality of the therapeutic relationship as a change agent even as the therapist is not physically present in the client's medicine journey. Here a foundational structure is presented along with criteria, parameters, and recommendations for practitioners in its application.","PeriodicalId":34732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychedelic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43755724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Reasonable expectations for replications of psychedelic-assisted therapy: The case for prediction intervals rather than P-values 对迷幻辅助治疗复制的合理预期：预测区间而非P值的情况

IF 4.5

Journal of Psychedelic Studies Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1556/2054.2022.00219

M. Earleywine, Philip Kamilar-Britt

{"title":"Reasonable expectations for replications of psychedelic-assisted therapy: The case for prediction intervals rather than P-values","authors":"M. Earleywine, Philip Kamilar-Britt","doi":"10.1556/2054.2022.00219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00219","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Psychedelic compounds hold promise for alleviating human suffering. Initial trials of psychedelic-assisted treatments have established feasibility and safety, generating calls for replications. Meanwhile, social and medical sciences have drawn criticism due to perceptions of replication failures and varying public trust in empiricism. Data suggest that researchers and the public frequently misunderstand some of the statistical issues associated with replication, potentially leading to unrealistic expectations of treatment effects. Promoting discourse on what constitutes sufficient replication is especially warranted considering the ongoing progression of multi-site phase II and III clinical trials. Here, we review recent and classic work on prediction intervals and power analysis to reveal that trials of psychedelic-assisted therapy that emphasize statistical significance will likely include failures to replicate, especially if sample sizes do not increase dramatically. The field and the public should expect some failed replication attempts based on sampling variability alone. Continued emphasis on statistical significance will require markedly larger samples than those used in clinical trials to date, necessitating substantially greater resources. An alternative approach focused on prediction intervals has distinct advantages. We focus on a recent trial of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD to show that, based on prediction intervals, reasonable replications are well within reach. A lack of attention to these statistical issues could unnecessarily prompt widespread dismissal of these therapies before the intervention receives adequate investigation and a fair assessment. In contrast, realistic expectations and appropriate planning could help ensure that these treatments receive the opportunity to help those most in need.","PeriodicalId":34732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychedelic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46221929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Use of snuff and its main constituents for religious purposes in an alternative community with shamanic practices in the south of Brazil 在巴西南部一个有萨满习俗的另类社区中，鼻烟及其主要成分用于宗教目的

IF 4.5

Journal of Psychedelic Studies Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1556/2054.2022.00220

Thais Guimarães Bourscheid, Leonardo Corrêa Cardoso, Marcelo Henrique Nascimento Santana, Letícia Cimó de Oliveira, F. Z. Reginato, M. Machado, André Valle de Bairros

{"title":"Use of snuff and its main constituents for religious purposes in an alternative community with shamanic practices in the south of Brazil","authors":"Thais Guimarães Bourscheid, Leonardo Corrêa Cardoso, Marcelo Henrique Nascimento Santana, Letícia Cimó de Oliveira, F. Z. Reginato, M. Machado, André Valle de Bairros","doi":"10.1556/2054.2022.00220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Snuff is a fine aromatic powder composed of dried and thin leaves combined with tobacco, roots, peels, and seeds. Its use for indigenous religious purposes has appeared since pre-Columbian period in various localities of American continent. Practice is considered sacred in indigenous culture and suffered from trivialization of consumption due to influence of colonizers, which triggered subsequent industrialization of this complex for commercial purposes. Commercial snuff is essentially made from industrialized tobacco without addition of other medicinal plants and without therapeutic or spiritual purposes beyond its indiscriminate and inappropriate use, causing health risks. Therefore, this study aimed to make a review on snuff in Brazilian culture and a tour of a local community. In shamanism, plants are used as access vehicles to other religions of cosmos and its inhabitants, from where experts dialogue, bring songs, news, omens, and acquire new knowledge. The plants used in shamanic composition of snuff vary with the locality of indigenous villages in America and are essential ingredients of this interaction between humans and non-humans, a special mediator of intersubjective interactions. Several studies show the use and meaning of Erythroxylum coca used in different communities of the Amazon, besides Chacrona and Mariri, popular names of plants used in manufacture of Ayahuasca drink by doctrine Santo Daime. Because of this, it is essential to establish differences between recreational snuff and shamanic and their effects on body as well as studies on use of shamanic snuff should be directed according to their applications and plants employed by communities.","PeriodicalId":34732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychedelic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41714193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Being no one, being One: The role of ego-dissolution and connectedness in the therapeutic effects of psychedelic experience 成为无名小人物，成为一体:自我消解和连通性在迷幻体验治疗效果中的作用

IF 4.5

Journal of Psychedelic Studies Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.1556/2054.2022.00199

Ada Kałużna, M. Schlosser, Emily Gulliksen Craste, Jack Stroud, James Cooke

{"title":"Being no one, being One: The role of ego-dissolution and connectedness in the therapeutic effects of psychedelic experience","authors":"Ada Kałużna, M. Schlosser, Emily Gulliksen Craste, Jack Stroud, James Cooke","doi":"10.1556/2054.2022.00199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00199","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Despite promising findings indicating the therapeutic potential of psychedelic experience across a variety of domains, the mechanisms and factors affecting its efficacy remain unclear. The present paper explores this by focusing on two psychedelic states which have been suggested as therapeutically significant in past literature: ego-dissolution and connectedness. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of ego-dissolution and connectedness on the therapeutic effects of the psychedelic experience.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The investigation was carried out as a mixed methods systematic review, with the data from four databases analysed thematically and results presented through narrative synthesis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The analysis and synthesis of findings from 15 unique studies (n = 2,182) indicated that both ego-dissolution and connectedness are associated with a higher chance of improvement following a psychedelic experience. However, there seem to be differences in the way the two experiences affect individuals psychologically. Ego-dissolution appears to trigger psychological change but does not typically exceed the psychedelic experience in its duration, while connectedness can be more sustained and is associated with several positive, potentially therapeutic feelings.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Moreover, the findings of this review have implications for further theory-building about the mechanisms which enable therapeutic effects in psychedelic experience. This in turn might lead to improved models for psychedelic therapy practice. Emphasis on ego-dissolution during the preparation phase and on connectedness during integration is one suggestion presented here, alongside overarching implications for the mental health debate and general practice.\u0000","PeriodicalId":34732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychedelic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42439288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Psychological effects and subjective experiences of ayahuasca rituals in participants of two neoshamanic centers of Uruguay 乌拉圭两个新萨满教中心参与者阿亚瓦斯卡仪式的心理影响和主观体验

IF 4.5

Journal of Psychedelic Studies Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1556/2054.2022.00202

Ismael Apud, Juan Scuro, I. Carrera, A. Oliveri

{"title":"Psychological effects and subjective experiences of ayahuasca rituals in participants of two neoshamanic centers of Uruguay","authors":"Ismael Apud, Juan Scuro, I. Carrera, A. Oliveri","doi":"10.1556/2054.2022.00202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00202","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ayahuasca's psychological and subjective effects were compared in rituals of two neoshamanic groups in Uruguay.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Compare, describe and analyze psychological effects and subjective experiences of ayahuasca ceremonies in two different groups: a psychospiritual holistic center, and a center specialized in substance use disorder's treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A mixed qualitative-quantitative study was conducted, using the Hallucinogen Rating Scale for measuring psychological effects, and in-depth interviews for the description of ayahuasca subjective experiences. Data from both techniques were compared, analyzing convergences and differences.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 When comparing the two neoshamanic groups, significant differences with a medium-size effect were found in the psychological variables Affect (r = 0.47), Cognition (r = 0.36) and Perception (r = 0.36). The qualitative descriptions of ayahuasca experiences in the group with higher scores in those variables showed more frequent and complex experiences of emotional, cognitive, and perceptive content. Dissimilar results were found when comparing Intensity and Somaesthetic domains, with no significant results in the quantitative part, while in the qualitative part intensity was reported as “soft” in one group, and corporal experiences (e.g., purging effects) were especially manifested.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Stronger subjective experiences and higher psychological effects may be related to differences in the dosage and the setting of the centers. Emotional, cognitive, and perceptive psychological effects of ayahuasca rituals measured by the Hallucinogen Rating Scale, seem to be associated with more frequent and complex subjective experiences in the mentioned domains. Qualitative group differences in corporal alterations and the overall intensity of the experience differed from non-significant results of the quantitative part of the study.\u0000","PeriodicalId":34732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychedelic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48849297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Psilocybin use patterns and perception of risk among a cohort of Black individuals with Opioid Use Disorder. 黑人阿片类药物使用障碍人群裸盖菇素使用模式和风险感知

IF 4.5

Journal of Psychedelic Studies Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1556/2054.2022.00214

John M Clifton, Annabelle M Belcher, Aaron D Greenblatt, Christopher M Welsh, Thomas O Cole, Alan K Davis

{"title":"Psilocybin use patterns and perception of risk among a cohort of Black individuals with Opioid Use Disorder.","authors":"John M Clifton, Annabelle M Belcher, Aaron D Greenblatt, Christopher M Welsh, Thomas O Cole, Alan K Davis","doi":"10.1556/2054.2022.00214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00214","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: There is growing evidence that psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic substance, may be useful in the treatment of substance use disorders. However, there is a lack of data on the beliefs and attitudes towards psilocybin amongst Black individuals diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). This study characterized psilocybin use patterns and perception of risk amongst a cohort of Black individuals diagnosed with OUD.Methods: Using a convenience sampling approach, patients were recruited from an urban methadone treatment program and paid five dollars to complete an anonymous phone-based survey.Results: Twenty-eight patients participated (mean age 53.8; N = 28; 35.7% female). Most (N = 23; 82.1%) had \"heard of\" psilocybin mushrooms before taking the survey, but only five (N = 5; 17.8%) had ever used them. More than 80% perceived a risk or were \"unsure\" of the risk for sixteen of the seventeen items queried about psilocybin. Approximately half (N = 15; 53.6%) were willing to try therapy incorporating psilocybin and half (N = 14; 50%) said they would be more likely to try if it were FDA approved for OUD. Most (N = 18; 64.3%) preferred to stay on methadone treatment alone, 32.1% (N = 9) wanted to try treatment with both psilocybin and methadone, and only one participant opted for psilocybin treatment without methadone.Conclusion: Many Black individuals with Opioid Use Disorder perceive psilocybin as dangerous and may be hesitant to try psilocybin treatment. Culturally informed treatment models, educational interventions and community outreach programs should be developed to increase racial/ethnic minority representation in psilocybin research and treatment.","PeriodicalId":34732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychedelic Studies","volume":"6 2","pages":"80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a8/1b/nihms-1863083.PMC9850635.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10611232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Apophenia, absorption and anxiety: Evidence for individual differences in positive and negative experiences of Hallucinogen Persisting Perceptual Disorder 幻觉、吸收和焦虑:致幻剂持续知觉障碍积极和消极体验的个体差异证据

IF 4.5

Journal of Psychedelic Studies Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1556/2054.2022.00195

Alexander Irvine, D. Luke

{"title":"Apophenia, absorption and anxiety: Evidence for individual differences in positive and negative experiences of Hallucinogen Persisting Perceptual Disorder","authors":"Alexander Irvine, D. Luke","doi":"10.1556/2054.2022.00195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00195","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Little is known about individual differences in Hallucinogen Persisting Perceptual Disorder (HPPD). This study investigated visual processing style and personality across two HPPD types (HPPD I and HPPD II) and a Non-HPPD group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An online survey was delivered to participants sourced from online HPPD and psychedelic user groups and forums (N = 117). Using one-way ANOVA, respondents were compared across four measures of individual difference. Using logistic regression, a range of visual symptoms and experiences were investigated as potential predictors of group categorisation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The HPPD I group had higher absorption and visual apophenia scores than the other groups and was predicted by higher drug use. The HPPD II group showed significantly higher trait anxiety than both other groups. Across the HPPD groups, HPPD II categorisation was also predicted by increased negative precipitating experiences, lack of prior knowledge and pre-existing anxiety diagnoses.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Anxiety, negative precipitating experiences and lack of prior knowledge are associated with negative experiences of persistent visual symptoms following hallucinogen use, whilst higher absorption and visual apophenia are associated with positive or neutral experiences. Together these findings indicate that differences in personality may play a role in determining an individual's experience of HPPD, highlighting the role of individual difference research in expanding knowledge around HPPD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":34732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychedelic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43109703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Psychedelic therapy for body dysmorphic disorder 身体畸形障碍的迷幻疗法

IF 4.5

Journal of Psychedelic Studies Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1556/2054.2022.00200

Shevaugn Johnson, Chris Letheby

引用次数: 1

Of pharmakon: Hallucination in Amerindian perspectivism and speculative materialism pharmakon：美国透视主义和思辨唯物主义的幻觉

IF 4.5

Journal of Psychedelic Studies Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1556/2054.2022.00212

Ignas Šatkauskas

{"title":"Of pharmakon: Hallucination in Amerindian perspectivism and speculative materialism","authors":"Ignas Šatkauskas","doi":"10.1556/2054.2022.00212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00212","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The paper discusses the concepts of hallucination and psychedelic experience in philosophical and anthropological contexts, where these terms bring in presuppositions regarding body and soul, nature and culture.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The discussion of the concepts is presented in the context of the debate between Viveiros de Castro's Amerindian perspectivism and Meillassoux's speculative materialism, where in the former the concepts have undergone an anthropological epoché in addressing the problematic presuppositions of unreality and in the latter hallucination and related concepts appear in a canonical western sense as imitations of the real.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This debate appears to be closely related to the project of naturalization of spirituality. The critique also extends to concepts such as psychedelic and entheogen. In respect to certain indigenous concepts like kepigari of the Matsigenka, observed in anthropology (Shepard, 2018; Danowski, Viveiros de Castro, 2021) and by revisiting Derrida's Plato's Pharmacy (1981) we suggest that the philosopheme of pharmakon suits the role of proximity with indigenous thought for comparative analyses and offers a perspective for psychedelic philosophy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The suggestion of considering psychedelics as an existential medicine (Letheby, 2017) could be interpreted as offering a pharmakon with ambiguous, indeterminate possibilities which would emphasize its theoretical soundness.\u0000","PeriodicalId":34732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychedelic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49284377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0