Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment最新文献

{"title":"PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS ON FOUR SPECIES OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia zilli, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Sarotherodon melanotheron) IN NIGERIA","authors":"O. Agbebi, J. Echefu","doi":"10.51406/JAGSE.V16I2.1707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/JAGSE.V16I2.1707","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation into evolutionary history of four species of Tilapia species was carried out as a taxonomy tool to relate most tilapia species found within the Nigerian waters. These species are (Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia zilli, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Sarotherodon melanotheron). Blood samples from the four species of tilapia were collected and preserved on Fast Technology for Analysis (FTA) cards for DNA extraction and PCR amplification. The various nucleotide sequences of the four Tilapia species found in the Mitochondria D-loop region were copied and aligned with the use of BioEdit and Mega 6.0 softwares. Three phylogenetic trees were drawn to show the evolutionary relationship amongst the four species of tilapia. The results indicated that Sarotherodon galilaeus and Sarotherodon melanotheron are sister texa and share a common ancestor with Oreochromis niloticus. Tilapia zilli is an out group which is the most distantly related to the three species (Oreochromis niloticus, Sarotherodon galilaeus Sarotherodon melanotheron). Tilapia zilli (Israel) and Tilapia zilli are sister texa and share a common ancestor in Tilapia sparmanii. The study also revealed ancestry relationship among other species of fish Cyprinus caprio and Clarias gariepinus formed a clade with the three tilapia species (Tilapia zilli, Tilapia zilli (Israel) and Tilapia sparmanii), which share an unknown but common ancestor.","PeriodicalId":347217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134646233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYEE’S BEHAVIOUR IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"B. Abiona, O. Fapojuwo, T. Akinlawon","doi":"10.51406/JAGSE.V17I1.1787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/JAGSE.V17I1.1787","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the influence of human resource management practices on agricultural employees’ behavior. Data were collected from 75 randomly selected agricultural employees using a well-structured questionnaire. Data gathered were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The mean age of the employees’ was 43.2 years. In-service training ( =3.44), management reward employees who are committed to their job ( =3.41) and wide participation and activity is highly rewarded ( =3.41) were the major human resource management practices that influenced employees behaviors. Also, major employees’ behavior include creation of conducive environment for better job performance ( =3.13) and praise, recognition and appreciation of effective performance/ special effort ( =3.05). Factors affecting employees’ behavior were inadequate training ( =2.93) and inadequate grants/funds to attend training programmes ( =2.81). Significant relationships existed between gender ( χ 2 = 37.20, p<0.005), educational qualification ( χ 2 = 59.09, p<0.005), income (r=0.12, p<0.005), human resource management practices (r = 0.57, p<0.005) and employees’ behavior. Management should encourage employees who are committed to their job through awards and recognition of work done.","PeriodicalId":347217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114671959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF WASTEWATER GENERATED FROM CATFISH PONDS ON THE QUALITY OF SOIL IN LAGOS, NIGERIA","authors":"O. Omofunmi, J. Adewumi, A. F. Adisa, S. O. Alegbeleye","doi":"10.9734/arrb/2016/21761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2016/21761","url":null,"abstract":"The study was performed to examine catfish ( Clarias geriepinus ) effluents on the quality of soil in Lagos State, Nigeria. Five fish farms with highest stock density were selected for evaluation. The soil sampling was collected at 10 metres apart before the effluent discharged site;","PeriodicalId":347217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116688532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PARASITES OF THE CICHLID FISHES IN WATER RESERVOIR OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA","authors":"I. T. Omoniyi, O. Ojelade","doi":"10.51406/jagse.v17i2.1831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v17i2.1831","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of parasites of Tilapia species (Family; Cichlidae) was carried out at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Reservoir. A total of 150 specimens belonging to four genera and species were examined for parasites. Of the total number examined 16.0% were infected with various types of parasites. Parasites encountered during the study included flagellate protozoan, Ichtyobodonecatrix (96.0%), species of annelid, Piscicola sp.(1.6%), species of nematode, Cucullanus sp.(1.6%), and species of cestode, Caryophyllaeidessp (0.8%). This result showed low prevalence of infection as well as low parasites diversity. The prevalence of infection was highest in Oreochromis niloticus (29.0%) and followed in descending order by Hemichromis fasciatus (16.7%), Sarotherodon galilaeus (14.3%)and Tilapia zillii (10.5%). The skin (60.7%), gills (36.9%), stomach (1.6%) and intestine (0.8%) were the locations infected and the skin supported the highest burden. The result also revealed that there were no significant differences between the size/age (X2=0.44; p>0.05)and sex (X2=1.38; p>0.05) and the degree of parasitic infection in this group of fishes. The economic and public health implications of these results in relation to fish-man interactions were discussed. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":347217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123773670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOCUST BEAN CONDIMENT CONSUMPTION IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"M. Zekeri, H. Usman","doi":"10.51406/jagse.v17i2.1832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v17i2.1832","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at providing information on consumer preference and reasons for consumption of processed locust bean in kano State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the aid of questionnaire. Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 70 respondents. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data collected. Locust bean consumption was mainly (88.6%) carried out by men in which majority (35.7%) were 38-47 age group, mostly (94.3%) married with majority (44.3%) having informal Qur’anic form of education. Majority (65%) of the consumers source their locust bean condiment for consumption from the producers and the consumer preference majority (88.6%) prefer the cake than ball form (11.6%) while reason for locust bean consumption was mainly due to (57%) improve food taste. Consumers mean expenditure on processed locust bean was N30.00 and N172 for daily and weekly respectively. Major constraints identified by the consumers in the consumption of processed locust bean include inappropriate packaging (38.6%0, poor hygiene (27.1%), product adulteration (17.7% and pungent smell (16.7%). It was recommended that more sanitary measures have to be taken by the processors to improve hygienic condition of the processing environment and thus acceptability. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":347217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128628624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT OF SOILS DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT PARENT MATERIALS IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"P. C. Oguike, U. Utin","doi":"10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1917","url":null,"abstract":"The study of soils derived from different parent materials is useful in formulating appropriate management schemes for soil health and agricultural production. A comparative assessment of some physical properties and organic matter content of soils formed from coastal plain sands (CPS), sandstone (SST) and river alluvium (ALV) was conducted in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Topsoil samples (0 – 30 cm) were collected from ten points in soils of each of the three parent materials for laboratory analyses. The soil samples were analyzed for texture, macro and micro aggregate stability indices, soil water characteristics, bulk density and organic matter. Data generated were subjected to Analysis of Variance to compare properties of soils of the different parent materials. Significantly different means were separated using the Least Significant Difference at 5% probability level. Results showed that soils of SST and CPS parent materials both had loamy sand texture while that of ALV soil was clay. Bulk density of ALV soil (1.20 Mg m-3) was significantly lower (p≤0.05) than those of CPS (1.55 Mg m-3) and SST (1.39 Mg m-3).  Significantly higher (p≤0.05) mean weight diameter (MWD) (2.01 mm), aggregated silt+clay (51.96%) and clay flocculation index (89.00%) were observed in ALV soils than in CPS and SST soils while the dispersion ratio and clay dispersion index were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in CPS and SST soils than in the ALV soil. Alluvial soil had significantly higher (p≤0.05) saturation water content (SWC), field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP) and available water content (AWC) of 0.61, 0.45, 0.25 and 0.20 m3 m-3, respectively, than those of CPS and SST. Alluvial soil also had the lowest cumulative infiltration (3.05 cm) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (0.40 cm hr-1) relative to those of CPS and SST. The CPS soil had significantly lower (p≤0.05) organic matter content (2.07%) than SST (3.06%) and ALV (3.34%) soils. Cumulative infiltration (I) significantly and positively correlated with total sand (TS) (r = 0.710*) in the CPS soil, and Ksat (r = 0.681*), MWD (r = 0.829**) and CFI (r = 0.655*) in the SST soil. In the ALV soil, cumulative infiltration positively correlated with total porosity (r = 0.770**) and negatively with bulk density (r = - 0.770**). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) had a positive correlation with SWC (r = 0.745*) and TP (r = 0.833**), but a significant and negative correlation with BD (r = - 0.833**) in SST soil. Field capacity (FC) positively and significantly correlated with TP (r = 0.638*) in CPS soil, and with MWD (r = 0.713*), CFI (r = 0.647*) and OM (r = 0.651*) in SST soil and with TP (r = 0.790**) and OM (r = 0.672*) in ALV soil. The correlations of FC with BD (r = - 0.638*) in CPS soil, with CDI (r = -0.647*) in SST soil and with BD (r = -0.790**) in ALV soil were significant and negative. MWD positively and significantly correlated with organic matter (r = 0.699*).  The clayey ALV soil will be su","PeriodicalId":347217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130562453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, FEED INTAKE AND EFFICIENCY OF INDIGENOUS AND CROSSBRED TURKEYS","authors":"B. Ilori, D. Oguntade, K. Akano, S. Durosaro, M. Ozoje","doi":"10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1912","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the reproductive performance of indigenous and crossbred parent stocks and the influence of sire genotype on the growth and efficiency of feed utilization by their progenies. A total of 300 poults, 150 for each genotype were generated from two crosses (Nicholas white x Indigenous and Indigenous x Indigenous turkeys). Data were collected on the reproductive performance of the parents while body weight and feed intake from day old to the 20th week of age were also collected from the progenies generated. The experiment was a complete randomized design with data generated subjected to two way analysis of variance using SAS. The result of the study showed that sire genotype had significant effect (p<0.05) on semen colour and semen volume while semen pH, motility, morphology and live dead ratio were not significantly affected. Crossbred tom had higher semen volume (0.39 ml) compared to 0.18 ml recorded in indigenous turkey. Genotype had no significant effect (p>0.05) on all female reproductive traits such as fertility, hatchability, dead in-germ, weak in-shell and dead in-shell. However, the indigenous turkey had higher fertility percentage (85%) while 80% hatchability was observed in crossbred turkey. Crossbred turkey significantly (p<0.05) had higher body weight (3330g) at 20 week of age compared to the indigenous turkey (2869g). Sexual dimorphism in favour of the male turkey was also observed throughout the period of the experiment. Although the crossbred turkey consumed more feed, the efficiency of feed utilization was better in the indigenous turkey. This findings suggested that the indigenous turkeys can be successfully improved with the introgression of exotic genetic material while crossbred turkeys can be further selected for improved productive and adaptive traits. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":347217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121537352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF THE BOTANICAL PELLETINGS AND STORAGE PERIODS ON THE GERMINATION OF AFRICAN STAR APPLE (CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDUM G. DON) SEEDS","authors":"D. O. Adelani, O. Amos, S. Maikano","doi":"10.51406/jagse.v17i2.1833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v17i2.1833","url":null,"abstract":"There is paucity of quantified information on the simple, safe and affordable methods of invigorating seeds and storage of recalcitrant seeds. In this light, investigation was conducted in the screen house of the Federal College of Forestry Mechanization, Afaka, Kaduna on the effect of the botanical pelletings and storage periods of C. albidum seeds. A seed pellet is a coating, usually of clay mixed with other inerts, which streamlines the size, shape, and uniformity of a small, non-round seed. A split-plot experimental design with four (4) replications was laid down to assess the effect of botanical pelletings with the leaves of six agro-forestry tree species (Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Albizia lebbeck, Acacia auriculiformis, Parkia biglobosa and Dacryodus edulis) and storage periods (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) on the germination of C. albidum seeds stored in the refrigerator.  The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA)using SAS (2003)software. The percentage germination of seeds pelletized with G. sepium, L leucocephala, A. lebbeck, A. auriculiformis, P. biglobosa and D. edulis ranged between 18.50%-42.00%, 8.3%-13.60%, 5.2%-18.80%, 3.6% -16.30%, 5.0%-14.30%, and 2.5%-11.10%, for 2-8 weeks respectively. The percentage germination of seeds stored for 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks ranged between 8.50%-21%, 4.70%-24.58%, 9.42%-22.75%, 8.67%-19.58% and 3.33%-8.83% respectively. The percentage germination of seeds pelletized with the leaves of G. sepium, L. leucocephala, A. lebbeck, A. auriculiformis, P. biglobosa and D. edulis and stored for storage periods ranged between 1-65%, 0-30%, 0-30.5%, 1-25%, 0-20% and 0-30%. Botanical pelletings and storage periods significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the germination of C. albidum seeds. Highest germination percentage of 65% was recorded for seeds pelletized with G. sepium leaves and stored for 3 weeks. The research therefore recommends seed pelleting with G. sepium leaves and storage for 3 weeks for mass production of C. albidum seedlings for agro-forestry systems. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":347217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123827422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HABITAT USE STRATEGY OF VERTEBRATES IN AN EMERGING NATURE RESERVE","authors":"A. Shotuyo, O. Jayeola, I. Ayodele","doi":"10.51406/jagse.v17i2.1834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v17i2.1834","url":null,"abstract":"The habitat use strategy of vertebrates in Alabata Strict Nature Reserve was studied. Twenty (20) sample plots of 25m x 25m (0.062ha) were laid at random over the total area of the study site for data collection. King Census and Line Transect methods were modified for this study using direct and indirect modes of wildlife stock assessment for an accurate collection of data due to the dense nature of the vegetation in some areas. One hundred and twenty-one vertebrate species, belonging to fifty-six families were recorded. Twenty-seven families were represented by just a single species each, while thirteen families had two species each. The family Colubridae was represented by ten species, while Rattudae and  Sciuridae had a single species respectively. Birds were the most encountered (more than 60%) followed by mammals (more than 20%) while the Order Reptalia constitutes the remaining (less than 20%). Food and cover requirements abound in the study area, which explains the availability of a variety of fauna species. There is a strong association between the environmental variables and animal species thus; distribution, performance and survival of the species are directly influenced by these variables. The Principal component analysis and Ordination shows that the ecosystem of the study site is not stable yet. This can be observed from the clustering of the animal species together in an attempt to make the best use of the environment. The maintenance of a healthy ecosystem is largely dependent on its management and control of activities of man and animals. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":347217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133250607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF OFADA RICE PRODUCTION IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"E. O. Oyedepo, A. Adekanmbi","doi":"10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1916","url":null,"abstract":"The paper undertook an economic analysis of Ofada rice production in five prominent rice growing areas of Ogun State.  A two stage purposive sampling technique was employed to select a total of 120 rice farmers from five local government areas which are major areas known for Ofada rice production in the state. Primary data were collected for the study through structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) among rice farmers groups in the study area. Analytical tools adopted for the study included frequency, percentages, gross margin analysis and profitability ratios. Results of the analysis showed that majority of Ofada rice producers in the study area are male (73.33%). In terms of age, more than half of the respondents fell within the age range of 41 -50 years (63.33%) these farmers were young and within their active productive lives. Results of the distribution of respondents by annual income in the study area revealed that majority of the respondents (60.83%) obtained an income of between ₦201,000 and ₦400,000.00 per hectare.  However, 22.50% of the respondents obtained an income of less than ₦200,000.00 per hectare. The gross ratio, operating ratio, return per naira invested and profitability index were calculated to be 0.95, 0.80, 1.90 and 1.80 respectively. The gross margin of rice production per hectare was also estimated to be ₦222,020.00. All these indicate overall profitability of the enterprise. However, an average low yield of 2.5 tonnes per hectare was recorded due to constraints encountered during production. Some of the identified constraints in the study area are lack of capital (25.83%), lack of tractor for land clearing (10.83%), lack of good farm roads (16.67%), and inadequate processing and storage facilities (11.67%). It is then recommended that access to adequate capital, mechanical equipment and other incentives through farmers’ cooperatives and government aid for construction of farm roads could help increase rice production in the area and this will in turn help Nigeria to achieve a much desired self-sufficiency in rice production. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":347217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130769803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}