2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)最新文献

{"title":"Benign and Malignant Breast Mass Detection and Classification in Digital Mammography: The Effect of Subtracting Temporally Consecutive Mammograms","authors":"Kosmia Loizidou, G. Skouroumouni, Gabriella Savvidou, A. Constantinidou, Christos Nikolaou, C. Pitris","doi":"10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926810","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer remains one of the leading cancers worldwide and is the main cause of death in women with cancer. Effective early-stage diagnosis can reduce the mortality rates of breast cancer. Currently, mammography is the most reliable screening method and has significantly decreased the mortality rates of these malignancies. However, accurate classification of breast abnormalities using mammograms is especially challenging, driving the development of Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems. In this work, subtraction of temporally consecutive digital mammograms and machine learning were combined, to develop an algorithm for the automatic detection and classification of benign and malignant breast masses. A private dataset was collected specifically for this study. A total of 196 images were gathered, from 49 patients (two time points and two views of each breast), with precisely annotated mass locations and biopsy confirmed malignant cases. For the classification, ninety-six features were extracted and five feature selection techniques were combined. Ten classifiers were tested, using leave-one-patient-out and 7-fold cross-validation. The classification performance reached 91.7% sensitivity, 89.7% specificity and 90.8% accuracy, using Neural Networks, an improvement, compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms that utilized sequential mammograms for the classification of benign and malignant breast masses. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of combining subtraction of temporally sequential digital mammograms, along with machine learning, for the automatic classification of benign and malignant breast masses.","PeriodicalId":347210,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","volume":"607 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116452266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable Machine Learning for Vitamin A Deficiency Classification in Schoolchildren","authors":"Jayroop Ramesh, Donthi Sankalpa, A. Khamis, A. Sagahyroon, F. Aloul","doi":"10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926924","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin A deficiency is one of the leading causes of visual impairment globally. While blood tests are common approaches in developed countries, various socioeconomic and public perspectives render this a challenge in developing countries. In Africa and Southeast Asia, the alarming rise of preventable childhood blindness and delayed growth rates has been dubbed as an “epidemic”. With the proliferation of machine learning in clinical support systems and the relative availability of electronic health records, there is the potential promise of early detection, and curbing ocular complication progression. In this work, different machine learning methods are applied to a sparse dataset of ocular symptomatology and diagnoses acquired from Maradi, Nigeria collected during routine eye examinations conducted within a school setting. The goal is to develop a screening system for Vitamin A deficiency in children without requiring retinol serum blood tests, but rather by utilizing existing health records. The SVC model achieved the best scores of accuracy: 75.7%, sensitivity:83.7%, and specificity: 74.9%. Additionally, Shapley values are employed to provide post-hoc clinical explainability (XAI) in terms of relative feature contributions with each classification decision. This is a vital step towards augmenting domain expert reasoning, and ensuring clinical consistency of shallow machine learning models.","PeriodicalId":347210,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123964261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Long - Range Pixels Connection for Context-Aware Semantic Segmentation","authors":"Muhammad Zubair Khan, Yugyung Lee, M. Khan, Arslan Munir","doi":"10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926855","url":null,"abstract":"Semantic segmentation is one of the challenging tasks in computer vision. Before the advent of deep learning, hand-crafted features were used to semantically extract the region-of-interest (ROI). Deep learning has recently achieved enormous response in semantic image segmentation. The previously developed U-Net inspired architectures operate with continuous stride and pooling operations, leading to spatial data loss. Also, the methods lack establishing long-term pixels connection to preserve context knowledge and reduce spatial loss in prediction. This article developed encoder-decoder architecture with a sequential block embedded in long skip-connections and densely connected convolution blocks. The network non-linearly combines the feature maps across encoder-decoder paths for finding dependency and correlation between image pixels. Additionally, the densely connected convolutional blocks are kept in the final encoding layer to reuse features and prevent redundant data sharing. The method applied batch-normalization to reduce internal covariate shift in data distributions. We have used LUNA, ISIC2018, and DRIVE datasets to reflect three different segmentation problems (lung nodules, skin lesions, vessels) and claim the effectiveness of the proposed architecture. The network is also compared with other techniques designed to highlight similar problems. It is found through empirical evidence that our method shows promising results when compared with other segmentation techniques.","PeriodicalId":347210,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","volume":"2003 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132998081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning based Automated Screening for Intracranial Hemorrhages and GRAD-CAM Visualizations on Non-Contrast Head Computed Tomography Volumes","authors":"Pon Deepika, Prasad Sistla, G. Subramaniam, M. Rao","doi":"10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926782","url":null,"abstract":"Intracranial Hemorrhage is a serious medical emer-gency which requires immediate medical attention. With most of the countries facing acute shortage of radiologists, it is important to develop an automated system which analyses the radiographic images and prioritise cases that require urgent medical attention. In this context, there has been attempts to apply deep learning (DL) techniques to the Head Computed Tomography (CT) slices to detect hemorrhage adequately in the past, where annotation effort is spent for individual slices of the CT volume for building a model. Our work aims to develop a robust model for the annotated CT volume dataset, which does not require slice level information for the presence of hemorrhage so that the annotation effort could be cut down substantially. A novel DL pipeline architecture based on the combination of convolutional neural network (CNN) and bi-directional long-short-term-memory (biLSTM) to capture both intra and inter slice level features for diagnosing hemorrhage from the non-contrast head CT volumes is introduced. The proposed model achieved a high accuracy score of 98.15 %, specificity of 1, sensitivity of 0.96 and F1 score of 0.98 with 95.3 % mitigation in the labelling effort of radiologists. However the performance scores are very well comparable to the scores achieved by the state-of-the-art models trained over the CT Volumes with slice wise annotation pertaining to intracranial hemorrhage detection. Additionally, the novel contribution is in integrating Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (GRAD-CAM) visualization to the system, to offer visual explanations for the decisions made and provide supplementary information forming a strong advocate to radiologists in the clinical evaluation stage. The novel system is a first step towards building a robust autonomous assistive technology for radiologists, and leads to develop similar pipelined DL architecture for extracting information pertaining to other neurological disorders from Non-Contrast Head CT volumes.","PeriodicalId":347210,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115642690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable machine learning analysis of longitudinal mental health trajectories after breast cancer diagnosis","authors":"E. Mylona, Konstantina Kourou, Georgios C. Manikis, H. Kondylakis, E. Karademas, K. Marias, K. Mazzocco, P. Poikonen-Saksela, R. Pat-Horenczyk, B. Sousa, P. Simos, D. Fotiadis","doi":"10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926952","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health impairment after breast cancer diagnosis may persist for months or years. The present work leverages on novel machine learning techniques to identify distinct trajectories of mental health progression in an 18-month period following BC diagnosis and develop an explainable predictive model of mental health progression using a large list of clinical, sociodemographic and psychological variables. The modelling process was conducted in two phases. The first modeling step included an unsupervised clustering to define the number of trajectory clusters, by means of a longitudinal K-means algorithm. In the second modeling step an explainable ML framework was developed, on the basis of Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model and SHAP values, in order to identify the most prominent variables that can discriminate between good and unfavorable mental health progression and to explain how they contribute to model's decisions. The trajectory analysis revealed 5 distinct trajectory groups with the majority of patients following stable good (56%) or improving (21%) trends, while for others mental health levels either deteriorated (12%) or remained at unsatisfactory levels (11%). The model's performance for classifying patient mental health into good and unfavorable progression achieved an AUC of $0.82pm 0.04$. The top ranking predictors driving the classification task were the higher number of sick leave days, aggressive cancer type (triple-negative) and higher levels of negative affect, anxious preoccupation, helplessness, arm and breast symptoms, as well as lower values of optimism, social and emotional support and lower age.","PeriodicalId":347210,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121231062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BEBOP: Bidirectional dEep Brain cOnnectivity maPping","authors":"Riccardo Asnaghi, L. Clementi, M. Santambrogio","doi":"10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926854","url":null,"abstract":"Functional connectivity mapping provides information about correlated brain areas, useful for many applications such as on mental disorders. This work aims to improve this mapping by using deep metric learning considering the directionality of information flow and time-domain features. To deal with the computational cost of a complete pairwise combination network, we trained a network able to recognize similar signals and, after training, feed it with all combinations of signals from each brain area. The labels of similarity or dissimilarity are determined by agglomerative clustering using the Jensen-Shannon Distance as a metric. To validate our approach we employed a resting-state eye-open functional MRI dataset from ADHD and healthy subjects. Once registered, the signals are filtered and averaged by area with a functional trimmed mean. After obtaining the connectivity maps from each subject, we perform a feature importance selection using logistic regression. The ten most promising areas were extracted, such as the frontal cortex and the limbic system. These results are in complete agreement with previous literature. It is well known those areas are mainly involved in attention and impulsivity.","PeriodicalId":347210,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","volume":"26 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113955569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI vs. US 3D computational models of carotid arteries: a proof-of-concept study","authors":"P. Siogkas, V. Tsakanikas, A. Sakellarios, Vassiliki T. Potsika, G. Galyfos, F. Sigala, Smiljana Tomasevic, T. Djukić, Nenad D Filipović, I. Končar, D. Fotiadis","doi":"10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926825","url":null,"abstract":"The progression of atherosclerotic carotid plaque causes a gradual stenosis in the arterial lumen which might result to catastrophic plaque rupture ending to thromboembolism and stroke. Carotid artery disease is the main cause for ischemic stroke in the EU, thus intensifying the need of the development of tools for risk stratification and patient management in carotid artery disease. In this work, we present a comparative study between ultrasound-based and MRI-based 3D carotid artery models to investigate if US-based models can be used to assess the hemodynamic status of the carotid vasculature compared with the respective MRI-based models which are considered as the most realistic representation of the carotid vasculature. In-house developed algorithms were used to reconstruct the carotid vasculature in 3D. Our work revealed a promising similarity between the two methods of reconstruction in terms of geometrical parameters such as cross-sectional areas and centerline lengths, as well as simulated hemodynamic parameters such as peak Time-Averaged WSS values and areas of low WSS values which are crucial for the hemodynamic status of the cerebral vasculature. The aforementioned findings, therefore, constitute carotid US a possible MRI surrogate for the initial carotid artery disease assessment in terms of plaque evolution and possible plaque destabilization.","PeriodicalId":347210,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122842249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Class-aware data augmentation by GAN specialisation to improve endoscopic images classification","authors":"Cyprien Plateau-Holleville, Y. Benezeth","doi":"10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926846","url":null,"abstract":"An expert eye is often needed to correctly identify mucosal lesions within endoscopic images. Hence, computer-aided diagnosis systems could decrease the need for highly specialized senior endoscopists and the effect of medical desertification. Moreover, they can significantly impact the latest endoscopic classification challenges such as the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) gradation. Most of the existing methods are based on deep learning algorithms. However, it is well known that these techniques suffer from the lack of data and/or class imbalance which can be lowered by using augmentation strategies thanks to synthetic generations. Late GAN framework progress made available accurate and production-ready artificial image generation that can be harnessed to extend training sets. It requires, however, to deal with the unsupervised nature of those networks to produce class-aware artificial images. In this article, we present our work to extend two datasets through a class-aware GAN-based augmentation strategy with the help of the state-of-the-art framework StyleGAN2-ADA and fine-tuning. We especially focused our efforts on endoscopic and IBD datasets to improve the classification and gradation of these images.","PeriodicalId":347210,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123802168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis for Wrist-Wearable Devices","authors":"A. Nikishov, K. Pavlov, Namseok Chang, Jaehyuck Park, Wonseok Lee, Justin Younghyun Kim","doi":"10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926821","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we described results of the bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) algorithm implementation that does not require information about parasitic impedances values in a smartwatch structure, and skin contact impedances values. Only voltages and currents directly measured by BIA device are taken into consideration. It makes BIA process independent of complex hardware of smartwatches (including small size of the electrodes) and avoids additional factory mode calibrations in case of the minor structural changes. The applicability and accuracy of the method has been verified at circuit simulation for pre-commercial smartwatch prototype which has two electrodes embedded in control buttons with an ~0.3 cm2 area of each and two electrodes embedded into the bottom side with an ~1.5 cm2 area of each. The bio-electrical impedance errors were analyzed at variation of the parasitic capacitance between contact electrodes and BIA analog-front-end circuit and at variation of skin contact impedance magnitude up to 15 kOhm per 1 cm2 of the electrode area at 50 kHz of signal frequency. Such high magnitude of skin contact impedance covers the most extreme cases at low humidity, very dry or damaged skin, too weak or too hard touches by user.","PeriodicalId":347210,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","volume":"2019 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132678296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path Generation with Reinforcement Learning for Surgical Robot Control","authors":"Junhong Chen, Zeyu Wang, Ruiqi Zhu, Rui Zhang, Weibang Bai, Benny P. L. Lo","doi":"10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926849","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of robotic surgery, Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery(RAMIS) has shown its great potential of benefiting both surgeons and patients in the past few decades of research and practice. The current trend of RAMIS targets towards a higher level of autonomy in carrying out surgical tasks. However, most real RAMIS tasks still rely on manual control, thus the performance mostly depends on the dexterity of the surgeon. Their fatigue or small errors could cause life-threatening damages to the patients, especially high-workload surgeons. Since corrections and errors are inevitable in manual control, the actual tool paths in real operations are often deviated from ideal trajectories. For robot Learning from Demonstrations(LfD), these sub-optimal paths would eventually affect the robot's learning performance. Therefore, much research is being explored in enhancing the performance of robot-generated instrument tool paths and at the same time reducing the reliance on manual manipulation demonstrations in surgical robot learning. In this paper, both Reinforcement Learning and Learning from Demonstration are used to generate a smooth moving trajectory without the use of manual robotic control kinematics data. Two tasks, peg transfer and pattern cutting, were chosen to verify the performance. The method was trained and validated in simulations, namely Asynchronous Multi-Body Framework (AMBF) and Moveit. Then da Vinci Research Kit is used to validate the real case performance. The results have shown that this path generation framework could automate given repetitive surgical tasks, and potentially adapted to other surgical tasks.","PeriodicalId":347210,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116945959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}