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The Rise of Fake News: Surveying the Effects of Social Media on Informed Democracy 假新闻的兴起:调查社交媒体对知情民主的影响
The Thinker Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.604
Candice Chirwa, Zimkhitha Manyana
{"title":"The Rise of Fake News: Surveying the Effects of Social Media on Informed Democracy","authors":"Candice Chirwa, Zimkhitha Manyana","doi":"10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.604","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarly research has shown that the role of media and information (a crucial variable in the success of democracy) has been eroded by misinformation, propaganda, and controversy. This paper observes that social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter are critical agents for disseminating news from various news outlets, including the spreading of popular opinion on political discourse. In hindsight, these platforms inform the basis of true freedom of speech, freedom of information, and political participation. However, influential political leaders, such as former United States president Donald Trump, have abused this privilege by pronouncing unfiltered ‘fake news’ that have led to topical incidences such as the invasion of the Capitol. Terrorist groups have turned what could have been an activist and liberation platform (considering the online Arab spring revolution) into a mechanism to conduct propaganda and recruitment campaigns. This article aims to explain ‘fake news’ and the effects it can have on democratic society post-Covid-19. The research was conducted by gathering data from popular press outlets such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, BBC News, CNN, and BuzzFeed. It considers some solutions to mitigate fake news: critical to these is the need for a well-informed society to distinguish facts from falsities and ambiguities. This paper also argues for improving fact-check initiatives in global social networks and for a change in social media value systems from being content- to quality-based.","PeriodicalId":34673,"journal":{"name":"The Thinker","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90247823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The AfCFTA and the Promise of Intra-Continental Trade in Africa 非洲大陆自由贸易区与非洲大陆内贸易的前景
The Thinker Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.602
Marcus Hollington
{"title":"The AfCFTA and the Promise of Intra-Continental Trade in Africa","authors":"Marcus Hollington","doi":"10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.602","url":null,"abstract":"This article takes stock of the state of intra-continental trade in Africa by reviewing trends in the continent’s five sub-regional trading blocs in terms of their strengths and shortcomings, in order to assess the continent’s trade efficiency on an intra-regional level ahead of the rollout of a continent-wide free trade area. Thereafter, the article assesses trade indicators seen over the past decade to illustrate the amount of goods traded to prognosticate the future of intra-continental trade on the continent in the wake of discussing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Implications for youth are cast in the wider imperatives of the continent’s developmental agenda and post-Covid-19 economic recovery.","PeriodicalId":34673,"journal":{"name":"The Thinker","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87570237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: The Rise and Fall of the ANC Youth League 书评:非洲人国民大会青年联盟的兴衰
The Thinker Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.607
Emmanuel Matambo
{"title":"Book Review: The Rise and Fall of the ANC Youth League","authors":"Emmanuel Matambo","doi":"10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.607","url":null,"abstract":"In The Rise and Fall of the ANC Youth League, the author intends to revive the activism of South Africa’s African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) and end ‘the perception that the organisation is a get-rich-quick scheme’. The book is a commendable effort to tell the story of the dying organisation and is written by an insider (the author is a former member of the ANCYL National Task Team). The ANCYL has an illustrious history, having been founded by such ANC luminaries as Anton Lembede, Nelson Mandela, and Oliver Tambo in 1944. Buoyed by youthful militancy, one of the founding impulses of the Youth League was to make the ANC more accessible to ordinary South Africans who felt, more keenly and direly, the racial injustices that preceded apartheid and were codified into law after 1948.","PeriodicalId":34673,"journal":{"name":"The Thinker","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74277187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alleviating Unemployment in South Africa: Harnessing Comparative Advantage in the Services Sector 缓解南非的失业:利用服务业的比较优势
The Thinker Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.599
Anelisa Mzungulu, Bhaso Ndzendze
{"title":"Alleviating Unemployment in South Africa: Harnessing Comparative Advantage in the Services Sector","authors":"Anelisa Mzungulu, Bhaso Ndzendze","doi":"10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.599","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the trajectory of employment in South Africa before and during the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Thereafter, we propose measures for the alleviation of unemployment through the development of a comparative advantage in services as a response to the environment created by existing policies and multiple crises. The policy is the best response to the consequences of existing measures in place. Threats – in the form of the pandemic, advances in Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies, online retail, and the July 2021 lootings – present the need for strategic investment and further protections for this sector.","PeriodicalId":34673,"journal":{"name":"The Thinker","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79425282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The State of South African Education: A Critical Exploration of Distributive and Epistemic Injustices 南非教育现状:对分配和认知不公正的批判性探索
The Thinker Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.600
Gift Sonkqayi
{"title":"The State of South African Education: A Critical Exploration of Distributive and Epistemic Injustices","authors":"Gift Sonkqayi","doi":"10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.600","url":null,"abstract":"The quest for a just education has, since the existence of education systems, been a part of humanity’s central concerns. The impetus for this is due to the fact that schools and many other institutions of learning exist as miniature societies which mirror that which happens in broader communities. Educationists have, in many ways, been preoccupied with the question of whether institutions of learning are engaged in the ‘undesirable’ process of reproducing inequalities. This has further resulted in the question of whether such inequalities are a by-product of systemic injustices or are mandated by our natural abilities (i.e. how the world is in and of itself). In this article, I provide a historical account of education in the context of apartheid and its legacies. I further argue that attempts to address distributive injustices are not subject to ‘extreme’ contestations, while attempts to unravel epistemic injustices are dominated by innumerable incongruities. Thus, I maintain that only knowledge that is rooted in mind-independent truth stands to liberate future citizens.","PeriodicalId":34673,"journal":{"name":"The Thinker","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83815217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Interview: The Economy On Your Doorstep 图书采访:你家门口的经济
The Thinker Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.606
Ayabonga Cawe
{"title":"Book Interview: The Economy On Your Doorstep","authors":"Ayabonga Cawe","doi":"10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.606","url":null,"abstract":"Gift Sonkqayi and Bhaso Ndzendze talk to Ayabonga Cawe about his book The Economy On Your Doorstep: The political economy that explains why the South African economy ‘misfires’ and what we can do about it (2021, Tracey McDonald Publishers)","PeriodicalId":34673,"journal":{"name":"The Thinker","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89211605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: The New Border Wars: The Conflicts That Will Define Our Future 书评:新的边境战争:决定我们未来的冲突
The Thinker Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.608
Miguel Dos Santos
{"title":"Book Review: The New Border Wars: The Conflicts That Will Define Our Future","authors":"Miguel Dos Santos","doi":"10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.608","url":null,"abstract":"Upon first inspection of The New Border Wars, the reader is introduced at breakneck speed to the multitude of topic areas that Professor Dodds aims to address in this work and how they are all connected to those enigmatic objects known as ‘borders’. For the overwhelming majority of humanity, borders are far-away things, lines on a map. They appear to be naturally assumed boundaries that place people into categories of ‘us’, ‘them’ and ‘elsewhere’, with little impact on people’s everyday lives. It is this basic assumption that The New Border Wars breaks down, immediately showing the reader from the introduction that borders have always been malleable tools for the powers that be to use, and often abuse, for legal, political, and (more often in our world today) financial gains.","PeriodicalId":34673,"journal":{"name":"The Thinker","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78750175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Addressing the Global Migration Crisis in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic 应对2019冠状病毒病大流行背景下的全球移民危机
The Thinker Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.605
Nadine Hakizimana
{"title":"Addressing the Global Migration Crisis in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Nadine Hakizimana","doi":"10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.605","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has aggravated pre-existing vulnerabilities faced by asylum seekers, refugees, and forcibly displaced persons. The topic of international migration has long been at the centre of global attention because of the extreme loss of life while crossing borders and the difficulty of managing large numbers of asylum seekers. International migration is arguably one of the most pressing issues of our time because of its transnational characteristic, which affects all countries across the world. Despite some concerted efforts, the international community has largely failed to provide solidarity and collective action to address the protracted global migration crisis. This article explores how the Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent health and safety measures have complicated an already vulnerable refugee system. The article also considers where some windows of opportunity for progress in the multilateral refugee protection system may lie as the international community designs efforts to build back better in a post-Covid-19 world.","PeriodicalId":34673,"journal":{"name":"The Thinker","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77643514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development in South Africa: Bridging The Rural-Urban Gap 南非的发展:弥合城乡差距
The Thinker Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.598
Lesego Masenya
{"title":"Development in South Africa: Bridging The Rural-Urban Gap","authors":"Lesego Masenya","doi":"10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.598","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa is a highly unequal society with high levels of inequality, poverty, unemployment and other injustices that continue to affect the majority of the population. Although great strides have been made in addressing these challenges, there continues to exist a significant gap between the urban areas (usually over-developed) and the rural areas (usually under-developed), making it harder to bridge these parallel worlds. Worth noting is the report from the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) which suggests that Covid-19 has further widened the gap between urban areas and rural areas. These disparities have always existed, but the Covid-19 pandemic has brought to light a lot of challenges that have been ongoing, especially in the case of South Africa. To mitigate the urban-rural divide, agriculture in rural areas should be considered as a viable solution, with the support of technological platforms. The results of investing in rural economies will have spill-over effects, positively impacting on urban areas, while creating employment in the peripheries of the country. Now more than ever, it is crucial that we look into other alternatives which will not only benefit the country, but also bridge the gap between rural and urban areas.","PeriodicalId":34673,"journal":{"name":"The Thinker","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86563868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Land Reform in South Africa 南非的土地改革
The Thinker Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.601
Charles Matseke
{"title":"Land Reform in South Africa","authors":"Charles Matseke","doi":"10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v88i3.601","url":null,"abstract":"For the past two to three decades, since the transition to democracy, policy orientation in South Africa has predominantly been centred on redressing the inequalities and legacies of the apartheid regime. This was broadly defined as social justice, with the land question often treated as a highly state-centric matter reserved for government, until Julius Malema became president of the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) and then leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). This article explores some of the dominant narratives around the land question in post-apartheid South Africa and presents some recommendations on how the issue of land should be dealt with in the immediate future.","PeriodicalId":34673,"journal":{"name":"The Thinker","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88071676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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