Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"EDITORIAL SCOPE – BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT EDITION","authors":"Yee-Yong Lee","doi":"10.33736/jcest.4791.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4791.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The second editorial scope of the Journal of Civil Engineering, Science, and Technology (JCEST) emphasizes one of the main disciplines of civil engineering, namely building and construction management. The continued development of management theories has continuously influenced construction project delivery practices. The knowledge gained from R&D could enhance construction management practices towards excellent performance in the delivery of built-environment projects. This brief editorial piece highlights the themes of building and construction management in the last 10 years by gathering information from the freely-accessible Scopus database and the most published area of JCEST from the perspective of common keywords found in published papers. Based on the civil, building and construction management research field, the top 10-ranked keywords were found based on Scopus database and “Construction” is the top keyword found based on the articles on building and construction management published in JCEST. The aim of this exercise is to provide a brief guide to researchers to explore the state-of-the-art knowledge in the area of building and construction management in the construction industry.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117159694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERFORMANCE OF POLYMER GROUTS MADE FROM WASTES FOR PERMEABLE RIGID PAVEMENT CONNECTIONS","authors":"Zong Ying Lau, Shyue Leong Lee, Mohammad Abdul Mannan, G. Slavcheva, Chahmi Oucif","doi":"10.33736/jcest.4531.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4531.2022","url":null,"abstract":"This research developed polymer grouts made from wastes such as fly ash, palm oil fuel ash, and silica fume. The selected polymer grouts served as an interlocking key between the StormPav covers and as a grout to seal the gaps between the interlocking keys and StormPav covers. Based on compressive strength and workability of the polymer grouts, mix ratio of resin to fly ash = 1:1.00 was chosen as the grout, while mix ratio of resin to fly ash = 1:1.50 was used to form an interlocking key. Mix ratios of resin to fly ash = 1:1.00 and resin to fly ash = 1:1.50 had a compressive strength of 98.90 MPa and 81.70 MPa, respectively, and flexural strength of 53.00 MPa and 61.90 MPa. Moreover, increasing the fly ash content in polymer grout decreased the water absorption and volume of permeable voids. In terms of shear strength, the mix ratio of resin to fly ash = 1:1.00 performed well as grout, with a determined shear strength of 3.98 MPa. Even after 25 days of exposure to the high concentration of sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid, sodium chloride, and magnesium sulphate, the determined shear strength met the minimum shear strength requirement of 1.38 MPa as stated by the Iowa Department of Transportation. Therefore, it can be concluded that both selected mix ratios were suitable for use as grout and interlocking key due to their good physical and mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126147114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION OF OSOGBO-IWO ROAD COLLAPSIBLE SOIL’S CLAY FRACTION AND IMPROVEMENT USING BENTONITE","authors":"B. D. Oluyemi-Ayibiowu, O. J. Omomomi, O. G. Fadugba","doi":"10.33736/jcest.4090.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4090.2022","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the collapsible subgrade soils along Osogbo-Iwo Road in South-Western Nigeria. The road pavement has had a history of incessant differential settlement due to the effect of water on the subgrade material hence the soil’s dominant clay mineral was assessed, and an attempt was made to improve the soil with bentonite. Representative soils were taken from three failed sections of the road and their geotechnical characteristics were determined in the laboratory. The soil was classified according to American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) as A-5 (Silty-sand) and ML group (inorganic silts, fine sands with low plasticity) according to the USCS Classification system. The clay fraction (which is 10% of the soil mass) was extracted via sedimentation and centrifugation. From the result of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and consistency limits tests carried out, Kaolinite was observed to be the dominant mineral of influence. The relatively inert nature of the clay fraction was deduced to be a major contributor to its collapsible nature. Bentonite was added to the soil in concentrations of 1-3 % respectively. The results showed that the untreated samples gave OMC values of between 11.7-14.97 %, MDD (1644-1453.6) kg/m3, UCS (61.98-78.01) kPa, Soaked CBR (2-6) % and a Collapse Index (C.I) of 10-12 % which places the soil under a “Severe trouble” category. 1-2 % bentonite gave the best improvement having moved the soil from the “severe trouble” category to the trouble category.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129364300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATING CAUSES OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT FAILURE: A CASE STUDY OF THE BAKO TO NEKEMTE ROAD, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA","authors":"Desta Degu, Basha Fayissa, Anteneh Geremew, Gelata Chala","doi":"10.33736/jcest.4332.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4332.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the roads constructed in Ethiopia fail prematurely before serving the design life due to various causes arising from many factors. One of the roads that failed before reaching its design lifetime is the Bako to Nekemte Trunk Road. This road was constructed and opened to traffic in 2013. The design pavement life was estimated at 20 years. However; pavement failures have manifested since 2014 after it was opened for traffic. The main objective of this research was to investigate the cause for the failure of flexible pavement on the Bako to Nekemte road segment. To achieve this objective, the study was followed by the experimental research type and purposive sampling method. Also, field observation and pavement condition survey methods for data collection were used. The asphalt, base course, subgrade, and sub-base layer material sampled from the road segment are the material used for this study. Different pavement failures such as rutting, pothole, alligator cracking, raveling, edge cracking, depression, and corrugation were observed along the road section. For estimations of pavement condition index, the road was divided into five different sections based on distress densities, which were measured during the pavement condition survey. From those five sections, four sections were selected for the determination of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI). Using systematic random sampling 159 sample units were evaluated for Pavement Condition Rating (PCR) and the result shows 1.89% excellent, 8.18% very good, 20.13% good, 31.45% fair, 18.87 % poor, 18.24% very poor, and 1.26% failed. Based on PCI value, samples of pavement layer were taken from failed surface condition (1), poor surface condition (2), and none distressed area (1) for comparison purposes. Different quality tests like Atterberg limit, wash gradation, soil classification, compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA), Flakiness Index ( FI), Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV), Ten percent fines value (TFV), bitumen content, and gradation of asphalt were carried out. The results of these tests were compared with ERA specifications to identify the probable cause of pavement failure. The study found that the cause for failure of flexible pavement in the case of Bako to Nekemte was: insufficient and absence of side drainage structure, traffic loading, poor gradation of base course and sub-base material, and poor quality of subgrade soil. The study also recommended that the road urgently needed routine maintenance as a treatment option to reduce further deterioration and extend its service time.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132706687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOTECHNICAL CHALLENGES ON SOFT GROUND","authors":"S. Gue, C. S. Gue","doi":"10.33736/jcest.4760.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4760.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Developments and constructions on soft ground pose great challenges in the field of geotechnical engineering. Although soft ground is no longer considered a new concern in developments and constructions; there are many issues that may crop up repeatedly if proper planning, analysis, design, construction control and supervision are not implemented. This paper presents the common challenges faced on soft ground and aims to provide some insights on good design and construction practices. The suggestions provided in this paper are collection of experience gained from various projects.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125998342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS ALONG THE HYDRAULIC PHYSICAL MODEL OF A DAM SPILLWAY","authors":"Thiennieesh Manogaran, M. R. R. Mohd Arif Zainol, M. A. A. Wahab, M. S. Abdul Aziz, N. Zahari","doi":"10.33736/jcest.4550.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4550.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Water flowing over a spillway has a very high kinetic energy because of the conversion of the entire potential energy to kinetic energy. This circumstance results in damage or significant erosion at the toes of the spillways, weir bed, and downstream of a river. To solve this problem, the water flow velocity must be minimised. Physical modelling was implemented to this conundrum in order to modify the current energy dissipating structure, the stilling basin, to enhance energy dissipation as much as achievable by downstream velocity reduction. Baffle blocks were adopted as the modification in this study because these are widely used to stabilize the jumps, shorten its length, and maximize energy dissipation. A selection of baffle arrangements was evaluated by positioning them in the stilling basin’s mid-span to identify the most effective outcome in minimizing downstream velocity. From the findings, it was clearly shown the arrangement of baffles blocks at the stilling basin impacts velocity reduction in various discharge cases. The formation of cross-waves was also assessed at the discharge channel at every discharge value with its relative distance from the sump and the width of the channel prior to the site. For discharge situations of 70.0 L/s and 100.0 L/s, modifications to the Type II stilling basin were recommended. Furthermore, constriction, expansion, or curvature should be avoided in chute spillways identical to the dam spillway to limit cross-wave generation and other unfavourable flow behaviours","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131756708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF GUSSET PLATE CONNECTION DESIGN FOR COLD-FORMED STEEL FRAMES","authors":"A. Ng, Yeong Huei Lee, T. Ting, C. Tan, Shahrin Mohammad","doi":"10.33736/jcest.4484.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4484.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The application of cold-formed steel sections has been extended from secondary members to primary structural members in recent years. This increases the use of gusset plate connections in cold-formed steel since it is a common connection used in steel structures. However, current design codes on connection design do not have a comprehensive method to consider the effects due to the buckling of the thin cold-formed steel sections. Therefore, it is important to develop a more accurate model to predict the capacity of cold-formed steel connections. This paper aims to propose an equation for gusset plate beam-to-column connection using finite element models. Finite element models have been developed and compared with existing test results. The failure mode and ultimate strength of the numerical models are similar to the experimental results. The validated finite element models are then used to study the effects of gusset plate thickness, effects of cold-formed steel section depth and thickness, and the effects of bolt size and spacings. Elastic and plastic stiffnesses are obtained from the developed models. The connection behavior followed a typical elastic-plastic curve according to the connection ductility and failure mode. An empirical model is developed from the finite element models to predict the joint behavior of gusset plate beam-to-column connection for cold-formed steel structures. AS 4600 may have underestimated the initial stiffness of the connection.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121693391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARISON OF L-MOMENT AND METHOD OF MOMENTS AS PARAMETER ESTIMATORS FOR IDENTIFICATION AND CHOICE OF THE MOST APPROPRIATE RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION MODELS FOR DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES","authors":"A. I. Agbonaye, E. A. Otuaro, O. Izinyon","doi":"10.33736/jcest.4207.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4207.2022","url":null,"abstract":"In rainfall frequency analysis, the choice of a suitable probability distribution and parameter estimation method is critical in forecasting design rainfall values for varying return periods at every location. Previously, some researchers in Nigeria used the method of moments (MoM) while others used the L-moment method (LMM) as parameter estimators. However, a more accurate result is obtainable if both estimators are used and their results are compared and ranked to obtain the most appropriate distribution models for each location This study compared the performance of two forms of parameter estimation, namely the method of moments (MoM) and the L-moment method (LMM). This was aimed at identifying and selecting the best fit probability distribution models among three distribution models for the design of hydraulic structures. These models are Generalized Pareto (GPA), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), and Gumbel Extreme Value (EVI). Annual rainfall series of ten gauging stations with data from 33-50 years from ten southern States of Nigeria obtained from NIMET were used for Rainfall Frequency Analysis (RFA). At five locations, the best fit probability model was the GPA probability distribution model with L-Moment. EVI and GEV probability distribution models with the method of moments were the most appropriate probability models at two locations each. EVI probability distribution model with the L-moment was the most appropriate probability model at one place. The findings confirmed that no single distribution outperformed all others at all stations. Since no single model is regarded preferable for all practical purposes, the best-fit probability model with parameter estimator at any location is site-specific. Consequently, available models and parameter estimators are filtered based on the situation at hand and the type of data available. The identified best fit models with the most appropriate parameter estimator would be a tool to help decision-makers in sizing hydraulic structures in the area.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130126038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL WITH CRUDE OIL BY COMPOSTING","authors":"Chi Nam Yap, T. Hadibarata","doi":"10.33736/jcest.4511.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4511.2022","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, one of the primary issues noted worldwide in the environment is the contamination of crude oil in soil. In comparison to traditional methods, bioremediation offers a potential alternative for removing hydrocarbon pollution from the environment. This review paper gives an overview of the benefits, mechanism, and operation of aerobic composting remediation of soil contaminated with crude oil. Within this study, it was demonstrated that with composting technology, one could successfully treat crude oil contaminated soil with a > 90% removal efficiency. Aerobic composting utilizes aerobic bacteria and fungi that require oxygen to grow and biodegrade crude oil’s biological component into carbon dioxide and water, whereas anaerobic composting utilizes anaerobic microbes that grow in the absence of oxygen and convert the crude oil’s organic component primarily into methane. In terms of efficiency, biodegradation capacity, and rate, aerobic conditions outperform anaerobic conditions. Numerous parameters have been discussed and demonstrated to have an effect on the composting condition and also on the bacteria and fungi used to biodegrade crude oil contaminants at various stages of the composting process, including initial concentration, soil type, soil/compost ratio, aeration rate, moisture content, C/N ratio, pH, and temperature. Microbes use crude oil organic matter as carbon and energy sources during the composting process, whereas fungi produce enzymes that catalyze crude oil oxidation reactions. It is believed that the mutualistic and competitive interactions between bacteria and fungi maintain a robust biodegradation system. The thermophilic phase exhibited the highest rate of biodegradation. However, the presence of a diverse and dynamic microbial community throughout the composting process ensures that crude oil degradation occurs. The efficient composting processes using specific microbes need to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116908097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER BY USING PHYTOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY","authors":"Dhivya Balamoorthy, P. Velusamy, Badrinarayan Rath, Praveenkumar T R, Julla Kabeto","doi":"10.33736/jcest.4473.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4473.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of soil and water by toxic metals is a major environmental hazard. The removal of heavy metals from wastewater by chemical methods is very costly and does not apply to the pretreatment process. Hence, phytoremediation process is one of the simplest methods to restore polluted environments. The present research paper investigates the potential of Mimosa Pudica for bio removal of heavy metals like Cd, Pb and Cu from wastewater by using phytoremediation or bioremediation technology. Heavy Metals were detected before and after the process using Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer (AAS). The synthetic wastewater contains Cd, Pb, and Cu at an initial concentration of 0.25mg/l, 0.5mg/l, and 2mg/l was introduced to the soil mass planted by Mimosa Pudica and treated for 16 days through their root. Collected samples were taken for laboratory analysis. The result showed that there was a reduction in Cd, Pb and Cu at a concentration of 0.02mg/l, 0.21mg/l, and 0.4mg/l level of heavy metals from the wastewater. After that, investigation of the potential of Mimosa Pudica accumulates up to 92% of Cd, 58 % of Pb, and 80% of Cu. The evidence presented by this study specified that Mimosa Pudica is an efficient accumulator plant for phytoremediation or bioremediation.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132416515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}