{"title":"Impact of PMUs on state estimation accuracy in active distribution grids with large PV penetration","authors":"D. Macii, G. Barchi, D. Moser","doi":"10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175855","url":null,"abstract":"The growing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems as well as the increasing presence of time-varying loads exacerbate the variability of electrical quantities in distribution networks, thus posing new challenges for grid monitoring and management. Among the various problems that may originate from the intermittent, periodic and generally random nature of PV generation and dynamic load conditions, the uncertainty affecting Distribution System State Estimation (DSSE) techniques might be particularly critical as it could lead to false or missed alarms (e.g. in fault detection) or to improper control actions. In this paper, the accuracy of the well-known Weighted Least Squared (WLS) state estimator is analyzed under the effect of different levels of PV penetration and loading. The reported simulation results can be useful to provide some general guidelines on how to improve state estimation accuracy in active distribution networks.","PeriodicalId":346259,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS) Proceedings","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123001964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the state of a section under bending using the location of neutral axis","authors":"Xi Li, B. Glisic","doi":"10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175844","url":null,"abstract":"Neutral axis of a composite section under loading is a line in the cross-section along which the section experiences zero strain. When a structure is under no axial load, the location of the neutral axis passes through the centroid of stiffness of the cross-section, which can be calculated based on geometric and stiffness properties of the cross-section. When the structure experiences damage, the location of the centroid of stiffness as well as the neutral axis shift in position, a phenomenon that can be used as an indication of damage. According to literature, damage in a cross-section of the concrete deck of a composite concrete-steel structure causes the neutral axis to move down. This paper attempts to explain an observation from field data that the neutral axis could move up in the presence of damage in the concrete deck of a composite structure. Preliminary results show that the use finite element model has potential to produce results that help explain the observation.","PeriodicalId":346259,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS) Proceedings","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127638208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baraccani Simonetta, Palermo Michele, S. Silvestri, G. Gasparini, T. Trombetti
{"title":"SSHM and DSHM for a better knowledge and risk prevention of historical buildings: The cases of the Two Towers in Bologna and the Cathedral in Modena","authors":"Baraccani Simonetta, Palermo Michele, S. Silvestri, G. Gasparini, T. Trombetti","doi":"10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175874","url":null,"abstract":"In the last recent years, structural monitoring has acquired an increasing importance in the diagnosis and control of buildings, especially for historical buildings whose preservation is essential to the safeguard of cultural heritage. The aim of this study is to introduce a standardized approach for the interpretation of the large amount of data acquired from a monitoring system of historic buildings. This approach is based on the definition of specific reference quantities (extrapolated from the recorded time series) able to characterize the main features of the structural response and the preliminary identification of the order of magnitudes of these quantities. These reference quantities may be collected in a database and may become fundamental for comparing the response of similar buildings. This type of analysis has been applied to the data obtained from the Static Structural Health Monitoring (SSHM) system of two significant Italian monuments: the Cathedral of Modena and the Two Towers of Bologna (Asinelli and the Garisenda Towers), North Italy. This paper provides, also, the preliminary results of the experimental data as obtained from the Dynamic Structural Health Monitoring (DSHM) of the Asinelli Tower conducted by the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV).","PeriodicalId":346259,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS) Proceedings","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133564820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross validation-based novelty detection of bridge group","authors":"S. Zhang, Yang Liu, Changxi Yang","doi":"10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175842","url":null,"abstract":"Novelty detection based on cross validation was proposed to detect the damage of the cluster of medium and minor bridges under the effect of environmental factors. The effectiveness of this method was tested through the numerical example of one bridge group that was composed of five similar bridges. Meanwhile, advantages and disadvantages of this method were discussed by comparing the effectiveness between proposed method and traditional novelty detection method. The numerical results showed that the cross validation-based novelty detection of bridge group method effectively mitigated the influence of environmental factors on damage detection.","PeriodicalId":346259,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS) Proceedings","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128758723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisa Bassoli, Loris Vincenzi, Marco Bovo, C. Mazzotti
{"title":"Dynamic identification of an ancient masonry bell tower using a MEMS-based acquisition system","authors":"Elisa Bassoli, Loris Vincenzi, Marco Bovo, C. Mazzotti","doi":"10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175882","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper results of dynamic tests performed on a bell tower located in Ficarolo (Italy) are reported. After the Emilia earthquake that occurred in 2012, the bell tower reported a serious damage pattern and, as a consequence, retrofitting interventions were carried out. Dynamic tests before and after the strengthening were performed to investigate the modal properties of the bell tower and to evaluate possible changes in dynamic behavior due to the intervention. Accelerations during ambient vibrations were recorded by means of an advanced MEMS-based system, whose main features are the transmission of the data in digital form and the possibility of performing some system analyses directly on-board of the sensors. Accelerations were acquired using 11 biaxial MEMS units. First 8 modes are clearly identified, with natural frequencies in the range 0.5-9.0 Hz. Finally, a comparison between the performances of the installed MEMS-based system and a traditional analog (piezoelectric) system is carried out and results are critically compared.","PeriodicalId":346259,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS) Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130276506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-correlation methods for enhanced monitoring and health assessment of wooden poles","authors":"Matteo Bertocco, G. Frigo","doi":"10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175881","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the availability of glass-fibre materials, wooden poles are still largely used by utilities due to their easy-of-use, versatility and cost. Poles mechanical functionality and structural integrity should be carefully monitored to avoid breakdowns or failures. Economical and environmental considerations recommend the adoption of non-destructive assessment techniques. In this context, a promising approach relies on the analysis of stress waveforms induced by pre-defined vibrational stimuli, e.g. hitting the pole surface with an instrumented hammer. In particular, the basic idea is to represent the vibrational data as a linear combination of three damped sinusoidal components and infer the pole health condition from the stress wave spectral content. In fact, wooden poles responses account for interesting mechanical features, such as stiffness and flexural rigidity. Unfortunately, the responses are also influenced by a large variety of external factors, such as ground foundation solidity, over-head cable connections with neighbouring poles or other infrastructures, and eventual external surface treatment. This paper presents three promising methods which exploit a proper formulation of the measurement cross-correlation matrix to drastically reduce the noise level and significantly enhance the probability to correctly discriminate the informative components from the non-informative ones. Both synthetic and experimental data are employed to characterize the methods performances in terms of success probability and estimation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":346259,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS) Proceedings","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127417190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring system of thermo-solar plant based on touch-screen interface manageable locally by PC and remotely by Android-based mobile devices","authors":"P. Visconti, P. Costantini, G. Cavalera","doi":"10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175878","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a programmable electronic unit for controlling the environmental parameters and managing the electrical functions of a civil/industrial thermo-solar plant. The control unit acquires data from analog sensors, processes these information and commands external actuation devices with dedicated relay outputs, allowing the optimization of plant performances in order to maximize efficiency and energy saving. The designed electronic system has a touch-screen display for graphical interface with users, which makes device programming and managing operations easier. In addition to, the system is accessible via PC terminal on site by means of serial cable with RS232 standard and from Android-based mobile devices connected to internet network for remote monitoring, since the designed control unit is connected to a modem/router device with an RS485/Ethernet adapter.","PeriodicalId":346259,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS) Proceedings","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121268175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smart monitoring for sustainable and energy-efficient buildings: A case study","authors":"D. Brunelli, I. Minakov, R. Passerone, M. Rossi","doi":"10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175875","url":null,"abstract":"Steadily raising standards for indoor environmental quality in living and office spaces lead to an extensive utilization of high performance and power-demanding climate control systems. An increasing utility and energy cost for buildings operation, in turn, pushes researchers and manufactures to explore new strategies to reduce energy waste and minimize ecological impact. The key enabler for an efficient energy management is accurate measurement and assessment of buildings operation that contribute to the total load. In this paper we present an ad-hoc Wireless Sensor Network deployment that performs monitoring of electricity load and occupants comfort level in a university building where more than a hundred students and employees are present every day. The system consists of 27 sensor devices continuously measuring vibration, temperature, humidity, light and the air conditioning system electrical load. An accurate analysis of indoor conditions, recognition of inhabitant comfort level, automatic forecasting and recommendations on optimal balance between environmental quality and power demands is the main objective of the presented system. Preliminary laboratory experiments and following 15 months of continuous real-world operation demonstrate that the presented system provides accurate monitoring delivering a valuable insight into the building operation.","PeriodicalId":346259,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS) Proceedings","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123266525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crowdsourcing and mobile device for wide areas monitoring","authors":"A. Guerriero, F. Giuliani, D. Nitti","doi":"10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175847","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the architecture of an extended area monitoring system based on crowdsourcing and mobile devices. In particular areas (as very large historical sites) it can be difficult or impossible to install fixed cameras due to the huge number of candidate points of interest (POI) to monitoring or to the significant impact on site (i.e. cameras or other sensors could be too invasive towards historic walls or ancient materials). For these sites we propose a system based on a distribute architecture, a server that runs change detection algorithms and clients that run on visitors' smartphones and assists the acquisition of new pictures comparable to reference photos of the monitored areas. Server contains geo-referenced images of the POI and can automatically add new images of the same POI under partly different observation conditions (like angle of view or light or shadows distribution). The client section, the app on the mobile devices, shows all the POI in the neighboring area of the user, provides a map to reach a selected POI, compares in real time the reference photo of the POI provided by the server with the live view of the smartphone camera and supplies the user directions to obtain the correct overlap of the images.","PeriodicalId":346259,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS) Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130958443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Piotrowska, A. Chiappini, A. Lukowiak, C. Armellini, A. Carpentiero, M. Mazzola, S. Varas, M. Marcinak, M. Ferrari, D. Zonta
{"title":"Strain-sensitive photonic crystals for sensing applications in structural health monitoring","authors":"A. Piotrowska, A. Chiappini, A. Lukowiak, C. Armellini, A. Carpentiero, M. Mazzola, S. Varas, M. Marcinak, M. Ferrari, D. Zonta","doi":"10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESMS.2015.7175860","url":null,"abstract":"A photonic crystal (PhC) is a periodic structure with periodicity comparable with the wavelength of light, having a photonic band gap and reflecting selectively only a band of the incident light. In this contribution, we discuss the possible use of PhCs as strain sensors, based on the observation that a distortion in the crystal structure produces a change in the reflected bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":346259,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS) Proceedings","volume":"119 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116704992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}