Geochimica Brasiliensis最新文献

{"title":"Anthropogenic Gadolinium Anomalies in an Alluvial Plain with On-site Wastewater Treatment Systems in Campinas, SP, Brazil","authors":"Ana Elisa Silva Abreu, J. Enzweiler, Sueli Yoshinaga-Pereira, Osvaldo Jorge Brito Rupias, Adriana Marques, Miriam Gonçalves Miguel, Joana de Miranda Alencar","doi":"10.21715/gb2358-2812.202438001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21715/gb2358-2812.202438001","url":null,"abstract":"Gadolinium anomalies have become a well-established marker for the pollution caused by wastewater, but there is not yet a standardized method to estimate the anomaly. Here, we compare four different published equations, distinct threshold values and reference normalizing values to estimate Gd anomalies by applying them to the results of a hydrochemical investigation in an alluvial aquifer with on-site sanitation systems. We measured traditional wastewater markers (such as electric conductivity, NO3_N, NH4–N, Cl-) and REE in groundwater samples collected from hand-dug wells in two seasons. The ratios of Gd normalized measured concentrations to Gd normalized geogenic concentrations (GdSN/Gd*) estimated with the various methods ranged from 0.7 to 2.8. It turned out that the choice of the equation and the threshold value can affect the decisions about anthropogenic pollution’s occurrence (or not). The normalizing values did not play a significant role in the decision. Based on measurement uncertainties and on the interpretation of hydrogeological conditions in the study area, a threshold value of 1.3 for defining anthropogenic Gd anomalies was deemed adequate for the study area. The occurrence of Gd anomalies higher than 1.8 in two wells, one in each season, reinforces the hypothesis that the groundwater is contaminated by the on-site sanitation systems in the study area, as intermittent detection of anthropogenic Gd is a characteristic of this pollution source.","PeriodicalId":34597,"journal":{"name":"Geochimica Brasiliensis","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mining's legacy: Unraveling the impacts of acid mine drainage on the rivers and streams of the Santa Catarina coal region, Brazil","authors":"Albert Teixeira Cardoso, Fernando Mainardi Fan","doi":"10.21715/gb2358-2812.202438002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21715/gb2358-2812.202438002","url":null,"abstract":"Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is a major environmental concern associated with coal mining activities, leading to the deterioration of water quality and posing significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, we analyzed the physicochemical parameters of water samples collected from rivers and streams affected by mining in the Santa Catarina coal region, Brazil, to assess the extent and severity of AMD impact. Our findings reveal a substantial increase in element concentrations, including Fe, Mn, Al, and major cations (Na, Mg, Ca, and K), with some values exceeding background levels by several orders of magnitude. The majority of the samples exhibited acidic pH values, with only 24% and 34% within the limits established by the Ministry of Health and the geochemical background, respectively. Strong correlations between physicochemical parameters, such as pH and EH, and between acidity, sulfate, and metals, highlight the role of pyrite oxidation and mineral dissolution in generating AMD. Although most samples presented values within the established limits for toxic metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, As, and Hg), high concentrations of Zn were observed, exceeding regulatory and background limits. The results of this study emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and assessment of water quality in the region and contribute to a deeper understanding of the extent and severity of AMD in the Santa Catarina coal region.","PeriodicalId":34597,"journal":{"name":"Geochimica Brasiliensis","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PPlot, a webapp to partition geochemical data and isolate mixed subpopulations using probability plot modeling","authors":"Francisco Campos, Otávio Licht, Nivaldo Campos","doi":"10.21715/gb2358-2812.202337002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21715/gb2358-2812.202337002","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical methods are mostly designed to handle datasets comprising statistically single normal or log-normal populations, but geochemical and geophysical surveys usually deviate from this expectation. A reason for this is the heterogeneity in the occurrence of geological objects, so the complete dataset may correspond to multiple mixed subpopulations. Specifically, multiple mixed subpopulations can refer to differences between mineralized and barren areas, different geochemical facies of a geological unit, or contaminated and healthy areas. This implies a restriction on using classical or even robust statistical estimates, unless the underlying subpopulations can be extracted from the dataset. The probability plot can be used to assess a dataset and to infer a possible combination of subpopulations, either normal or log-normal, whose combination may generate it. The web-based app PPlot, presented in this paper, allows the plotting of the probability plot of a dataset and modeling the underlying subpopulations present in it, either automatically or manually. After modeling the dataset by the application, the user will obtain numerical results and plots of the range of values that delimit each subpopulation, as well as the mean and standard deviation for each of them. Computer-generated and real datasets were used to validate the procedure and coding, and an example of usage is presented. The app was developed using HTML5 and JavaScript and it runs in any modern browser, and is freely available in https://pplotweb.firebaseapp.com/.","PeriodicalId":34597,"journal":{"name":"Geochimica Brasiliensis","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135752760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence and quantification of the microplastics and bisphenol-A in sediments along the Guanabara Bay, Brazil","authors":"A. Santos, Diego Carvalho, M. Nascimento, A. Freitas, R. Hauser‐Davis, D. Cunha, E. Fonseca, D. Bila, J. A. Baptista-Neto","doi":"10.21715/gb2358-2812.202337001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21715/gb2358-2812.202337001","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MP) and endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol-A (BPA) have both become significant environmental concerns worldwide, although assessments in estuarine environments are still scarce. In this regard, Guanabara Bay is one of the most important Brazilian estuarine systems, displaying significant economic and environmental relevance, although it has suffered increasing anthropogenic effects for decades. Thus, this study aimed to assess the occurrence of both MP and BPA in the sediments of this estuarine system though stereomicroscope identification and high-performance liquid chromatography. Both pollutants were detected in all sediment samples. A total of 3 to 11 MP particles (<5 mm) per 50 cm2 were detected, higher than in other studies worldwide. MPs were categorized as fibers and fragments, mostly green, possibly from fisher rope and net degradation. BPA ranged from 0.36 to 19.75 ng g-1, higher near Governador Island and the Rio de Janeiro harbor. Potential correlations between MPs and BPA, however, could not be determined. Both MP and BPA represent significant environmental concerns in the already highly impacted Guanabara Bay estuarine system, and further assessments are paramount to understand potential ecotoxicological hazards associated to these pollutants.","PeriodicalId":34597,"journal":{"name":"Geochimica Brasiliensis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47314617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical stream sediment signatures from Precambrian terrains of Uruguay","authors":"J. M. Filippini-Alba","doi":"10.21715/gb2358-2812.202236004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21715/gb2358-2812.202236004","url":null,"abstract":"Geochemical data of Uruguayan crystalline terrains collected in the 80’s were recovered by the National Mining and Geology Directorate of Uruguay (DINAMIGE) in 2020 involving 32,000 soil and stream sediment samples analyzed for 22 elements (Ag, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Sn, V, W, Y and Zn) by direct current plasma spectrometry. A set of 6755 samples of these data, more or less 21% of the total, were processed by multivariate statistical methods and geographic information system (GIS) procedures aiming characterization of geochemical signatures derived from environmental and geological processes. Samples were classified as background or anomalies/outliers at the beginning. The general data and the different sets were processed by statistical methods and GIS individually. The results considered the original units or sometimes, the transformed data for uniformity of variability. Nine geochemical signatures related to the geological domains were defined; three of them involved low contrast units with moderate enrichment in Ba, Co, Cu or Mn. The remaining six geochemical signatures were related to specific geological units and presented multivariate signatures. Seven signatures related to anomalies were defined, three of them of lithological origin, two superficial and the others mixed, including the possibility of sulphide deposits.","PeriodicalId":34597,"journal":{"name":"Geochimica Brasiliensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46324545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine disruptors, estrogenic activity by the YES bioassay, and acute toxicity in Southeastern Brazil metropolitan surface waters","authors":"M. Nascimento, Ana Oliveira-Santos, D. Cunha, L. Felix, G. Gomes, C. Rangel, R. Hauser‐Davis, E. Fonseca, Daniele Maia-Bila, J. A. Baptista-Neto","doi":"10.21715/gb2358-2812.202236005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21715/gb2358-2812.202236005","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine endocrine disruptors in urbanized rivers Maracanã and Mangue Channel in Rio de Janeiro the second most populated city in Brazil. Bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, estriol, and 17α-ethinylestradiol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector and fluorescence detector In addition, the evaluation of estrogenic activity was performed by the YES bioassay (Yeast estrogen screen) with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, and acute toxicity assays were performed using Daphnia similis and Vibrio fischeri. Estrogenic activity in the water samples ranged from below the limit of detection (<LD) to 1.6 ng L-1, while bisphenol A ranged from 22.3 to 1325.2 ng L-1 and estrogens 17β-estradiol from <LD to 55.2 ng L-1, estriol from <LD to 313.7 ng L-1 and 17α-ethinylestradiol, from <LD to 409.4 ng L-1. The acute toxicity was not detected in both analyzed organisms. The present study indicates a serious level of pollution by the compounds evaluated with significant risks to the aquatic ecosystem, mainly for Guanabara Bay which receives urbanized river discharge. Therefore, recommending the need for systematic monitoring and mitigating actions in these water bodies.","PeriodicalId":34597,"journal":{"name":"Geochimica Brasiliensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48338188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidrogeoquímica das águas subterrâneas dos domínios Santa Maria da Vitória/Cocos, (NE Bahia, Brasil)","authors":"J. Carvalho, S. Nascimento, Manuel Vitor Gonçalves, M. Cruz","doi":"10.21715/gb2358-2812.202236006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21715/gb2358-2812.202236006","url":null,"abstract":"As águas subterrâneas do Aquífero Bambuí, de natureza cárstica e fraturada, localizado na região sudoeste da Bahia, tem sido cada vez mais utilizada no abastecimento populacional, muito em função da crescente escassez das águas superficiais, decorrente de grandes períodos de estiagem. O conhecimento da composição físico-química e isotópica das águas subterrâneas contribui para que ocorra uma gestão adequada desse importante bem natural. Para realizar essa pesquisa, foram coletadas 15 amostras de águas para análises físico-químicas e isotópicas, em poços tubulares perfurados em rochas carbonáticas e pelito-carbonáticas do Grupo Bambuí de idade neoproterozoica. Os resultados analíticos permitiram realizar a classificação hidrogeoquímica quanto à presença de íons maiores dissolvidos nas águas, além de análise estatística para o entendimento do processo de salinização. A qualidade dessas águas foi definida a partir dos padrões de potabilidade, de acordo com os parâmetros físico-químicos indicados pela legislação nacional e internacional de saúde e meio ambiente. Para determinar as assinaturas isotópicas, foram utilizados os isótopos estáveis deutério e oxigênio 18 (δ2D/ δ18O), sugerindo assim a dinâmica de recarga e descarga destas águas. Palavras-Chave: Águas Subterrâneas, Aquífero Bambuí.","PeriodicalId":34597,"journal":{"name":"Geochimica Brasiliensis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42397699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influência do ribeirão dos Pinheiros na qualidade de água do rio Atibaia, sub-bacia do rio Atibaia, São Paulo, Brasil","authors":"Letycia Venancio, R. Borba","doi":"10.21715/gb2358-2812.202236007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21715/gb2358-2812.202236007","url":null,"abstract":"Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da qualidade da água do ribeirão Pinheiros na qualidade das águas do rio Atibaia, por meio de análise estatística e análise da concentração espaço-temporal dos dados de monitoramento de parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos pré-existentes. Foi realizada pesquisa documental de dados de monitoramento de parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos disponibilizados pela CETESB, através do Sistema de Informação InfoÁguas. Após análise temporal e espacial foram utilizadas 3 estações de monitoramento para avaliação da qualidade das águas superficiais através da série histórica de dados no rio Atibaia (estações ATIB02035 e ATIB02065) e do ribeirão dos Pinheiros (PINO03900), entre anos de 2009 a 2019. Os valores dos parâmetros das amostras foram analisados considerando sua equivalência às classes estabelecidas na Resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005. Para o Índice de Qualidade das Águas (IQA) foram selecionadas amostras das estações de monitoramento de qualidade de água estudadas, as quais contém dados dos 9 parâmetros utilizados no cálculo. O Índice de Qualidade das Águas (IQA) anual médio do ribeirão dos Pinheiros (estação PINO03900) é aceitável, enquanto o índice do rio Atibaia (estações ATIB02035 e ATIB02065) é bom, tanto para as águas antes do ribeirão dos Pinheiros (Estação ATIB02035) quanto para as águas após o desague do ribeirão dos Pinheiros (Estação ATIB02065). Após análise generalizadas, destaca-se que os parâmetros nas águas do ribeirão dos Pinheiros que mais influenciam nas águas do rio Atibaia são coliformes termotolerantes, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, nitrogênio, fósforo, resíduo total e oxigênio dissolvido.","PeriodicalId":34597,"journal":{"name":"Geochimica Brasiliensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44340847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic Zn contamination dispersion in Sepetiba Bay evidenced by Zn isotopes","authors":"Bruno C A Cunha, D. Araújo, J. Garnier, E. Dantas, M. Babinski, I. Ruiz, C. Souto-Oliveira, M. Geraldes, D. Rocha, W. Machado","doi":"10.21715/gb2358-2812.202236008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21715/gb2358-2812.202236008","url":null,"abstract":"Sedimentary processes in coastal environments play a key role in the spatial dispersion of metal contaminants, including Zn. Combining Zn stable isotope signatures (δ66Zn) with traditional proxies of sedimentary sources and dispersal and post-depositional processes is a promising approach to understanding Zn anthropogenic dynamics in coastal systems that remains untested. To this end, we coupled geochemical and isotope tools to infer sedimentary contributions on Zn fate and behavior in surface sediments of Sepetiba bay, a tropical lagoon in Rio de Janeiro state chronically contaminated by an old stake of electroplating wastes Zn-enrich. Our results show high variability in δ66Zn values (0.43‰ to 0.89‰) and Zn enrichment factors (1 to 23-fold), evidencing a gradient in mixing sedimentary sources. The biplot δ66Zn versus 1/[Zn] highlights that the Zn isotope variability of most samples fell within a mixing source trend involving natural Zn (+0.29‰, 67 mg.kg-1) and anthropogenic Zn (+0.89‰, 3,440 mg.kg-1), the latter attributed to the Sepetiba bay’s historical Zn metallurgical contamination. Based on the isotope mixing model and geochemical proxies (e.g., Ti/Al ratio), we calculated that Zn excess in the Sepetiba Bay varies from 42% to 98%. The Zn enrichment distribution across the bay confirmed anthropogenic Zn dispersal from the Saco de Engenho, mainly controlled by the clock direction water current. Sediments mineralogical composition and correlations between Zn isotope and Al concentrations indicate that the high content of anthropogenic Zn is associated with silt and clay sediment particles composed of gibbsite and clay minerals such as kaolinite and organic matter. Our findings demonstrate that combining Zn isotope ratios with other geochemical proxies may help pinpoint Zn anthropogenic origins and behavior as well as track its dispersion in the land-sea continuum. In this case, this approach provides more accurate results on Zn contamination dispersion in the Sepetiba Bay and avoids possible misleading interpretations concerning anthropogenic Zn origins at low Zn concentration levels.","PeriodicalId":34597,"journal":{"name":"Geochimica Brasiliensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46722519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water quality assessment and geochemical processes in the unconfined coastal Boa Viagem Aquifer, Recife, NE Brazil","authors":"T. Silva, Mariucha Lima, T. Leitão, T. Martins, Mateus Albuquerque","doi":"10.21715/GB2358-2812.2021351056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21715/GB2358-2812.2021351056","url":null,"abstract":"A hydrochemical study was conducted on the Quaternary Aquifer, in Recife, Brazil. Groundwater samples were collected in March–April 2015, at the beginning of the rainy season. Conventional graphics, ionic ratios, saturation indices, GIS mapping, and geostatistical and multivariate statistical analyses were used to water quality assessment and to characterize the main hydrochemical processes controlling groundwater’s chemistry. Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis separated the samples into three clusters and five sub-clusters according to their hydrochemical similarities and facies. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to the studied groundwater samples where a three-factor model explains 80% of the total variation within the dataset. The PCA results revealed the influence of seawater intrusion, water-rock interaction, and nitrate contamination. The physico-chemical parameters of ~30% groundwaters exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. Nitrate was found at a concentration >10 mg NO3−/L in ~21% of the wells and exceeded WHO reference values in one. The integrated approach indicates the occurrence of the main major hydrogeochemical processes occurring in the shallow marine to alluvial aquifer as follow: 1) progressive freshening of remaining paleo-seawater accompanying cation exchange on fine sediments, 2) water-rock interaction (i.e., dissolution of silicates), and 3) point and diffuse wastewater contamination, and sulfate dissolution. This study successfully highlights the use of classical geochemical methods, GIS techniques, and multivariate statistical analyses (hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses) as complementary tools to understand hydrogeochemical processes and their influence on groundwater quality status to management actions, which could be used in similar alluvial coastal aquifers.","PeriodicalId":34597,"journal":{"name":"Geochimica Brasiliensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48511300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}