2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)最新文献

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Design and Performance Evaluation of a Standalone MQTT for Sensor Networks (MQTT-SN) Broker 用于传感器网络(MQTT- sn)代理的独立MQTT的设计和性能评估
2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144241
M. Nast, F. Golatowski, D. Timmermann
{"title":"Design and Performance Evaluation of a Standalone MQTT for Sensor Networks (MQTT-SN) Broker","authors":"M. Nast, F. Golatowski, D. Timmermann","doi":"10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144241","url":null,"abstract":"The Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol is a de-facto standard for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. However, since it is limited to TCP at transport layer, it is not possible to run MQTT over UDP, which would be desirable for real-time capable publish/subscribe. MQTT for Sensor Networks (MQTT-SN), which is a lightweight version of MQTT, allows the use of UDP, however, is strongly coupled to MQTT by the current specification and cannot be operated independently of it. In this work, we therefore propose a standalone broker implementation of MQTT-SN. In initial measurements, we can show that our approach is much more performant than the approach described in the specification and that our implementation compares very well with the protocols CoAP Pub/Sub and MOTT.","PeriodicalId":345607,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124850345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Zero-Delay Roaming for Mobile Robots Enabled by Wireless TSN Redundancy 基于无线TSN冗余的移动机器人零延迟漫游
2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144124
Susruth Sudhakaran, Ibrahim Ali, Mark Eisen, Javier Perez-Ramirez, Cosmin Cazan, V. Frascolla, D. Cavalcanti
{"title":"Zero-Delay Roaming for Mobile Robots Enabled by Wireless TSN Redundancy","authors":"Susruth Sudhakaran, Ibrahim Ali, Mark Eisen, Javier Perez-Ramirez, Cosmin Cazan, V. Frascolla, D. Cavalcanti","doi":"10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144124","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile and autonomous robots are among the most critical technology applications requiring wireless connectivity with deterministic performance, including bounded latency with high reliability, even under congested network conditions. Emerging Wireless Time-Sensitive Networking (WTSN) capabilities over Wi-Fi and 5G can enable time synchronization and bounded low latency through time-aware scheduling mechanisms. Such Wireless TSN capabilities have been demonstrated in several industrial/robotic use cases, but under static conditions. Mobility introduces new challenges due to the roaming events and associated network outages owing to signaling between client devices and network infrastructure during these events. In this paper, we show how we can take advantage of the TSN redundancy capability (as defined in the IEEE 802.1CB standard) to eliminate outages or delays due to events like roaming and interference in a mobile robot use case enabled by Wi-Fi 6 TSN. We demonstrate the roaming performance with no delay impact on the applications though simulations of a mobile robot in a factory scenario and experimental results with a mobile robot connected via multiple Wi-Fi 6 radios in a warehouse environment.","PeriodicalId":345607,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134590404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Buffer Management for TSN-Enabled End Stations 启用tsn的终端站的缓冲区管理
2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144243
Christopher Lehr, P. Denzler, Thomas Frühwirth, W. Kastner
{"title":"Buffer Management for TSN-Enabled End Stations","authors":"Christopher Lehr, P. Denzler, Thomas Frühwirth, W. Kastner","doi":"10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144243","url":null,"abstract":"The change of industrial automation towards a highly interconnected architecture is still ongoing. Time-sensitive networking (TSN) is an essential element for this transition. This paper focuses on TSN end stations, mainly answering how to implement a software-based worst-case execution time (WCET) analyzable buffer management. The two-level segregated fit (TLSF) algorithm was chosen, implemented, and evaluated based on an asymptotic complexity analysis of dynamic storage allocation algorithms. The implemented and improved TLSF algorithm showed similar timing behavior as calculated when executed on a time-predictable platform. The paper concludes by outlining further research.","PeriodicalId":345607,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127832950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Composite CAN XL-Ethernet Networks for Next-Gen Automotive and Automation Systems 用于新一代汽车和自动化系统的复合CAN xml以太网
2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144116
G. Cena, S. Scanzio, A. Valenzano
{"title":"Composite CAN XL-Ethernet Networks for Next-Gen Automotive and Automation Systems","authors":"G. Cena, S. Scanzio, A. Valenzano","doi":"10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144116","url":null,"abstract":"New generation electrified and self-driving vehicles require much higher performance and flexibility for onboard digital communications than Controller Area Networks may offer. For this reason, automotive Ethernet is often regarded as the next de facto standard technology in these contexts, and by extension for networked embedded systems as well. However, an abrupt and drastic move from CAN to Ethernet is likely to cause further cost increases, which can be hardly tolerated by buyers. This paper analyzes the third generation of CAN, termed CAN XL, and studies how interoperability can be ensured with Ethernet. Likely, composite CAN XL-Ethernet networks are the key for getting the best of both worlds, not only in the automotive domain but also for sensing and control in scenarios like building automation, wired sensor networks, and low-cost networked embedded systems with real-time constraints.","PeriodicalId":345607,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124718892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bayesian Measurement Noise Estimation in Ultra Wide Band Systems for Clock Synchronization 超宽带时钟同步系统中的贝叶斯测量噪声估计
2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144234
Gergely Hollósi
{"title":"Bayesian Measurement Noise Estimation in Ultra Wide Band Systems for Clock Synchronization","authors":"Gergely Hollósi","doi":"10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144234","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing clock synchronization between devices using wireless links is a common problem in various application areas, like IEEE 1588 wireless time synchronization, or in time-difference of arrival (TDoA) systems. While the estimation of clock parameters are widely solved by linear filtering methods, in dense indoor environments, the estimation of the measurement noise is an important task. The paper proposes a method to show that the estimation of the measurement noise in ultra wide band (UWB) systems makes it possible to reach more accurate frequency drift estimation, especially in case of harsh multipath propagation. The proposed algorithm is validated on real measurements, and is compared to the state-of-the-art method based on Kalman-filtering.","PeriodicalId":345607,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129774019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of Time Performance of Lightweight Virtualization for Edge Computing Applications 面向边缘计算应用的轻量级虚拟化时间性能评估
2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144238
E. Sisinni, P. Bellagente, A. Depari, A. Flammini, Massimiliano Gaffurini, M. Pasetti, S. Rinaldi, P. Ferrari
{"title":"Assessment of Time Performance of Lightweight Virtualization for Edge Computing Applications","authors":"E. Sisinni, P. Bellagente, A. Depari, A. Flammini, Massimiliano Gaffurini, M. Pasetti, S. Rinaldi, P. Ferrari","doi":"10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144238","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for enhanced flexibility in automation systems, dictated by initiatives as the Industry 4.0 in Europe or the Industrial Internet Consortium in the United States, can be satisfied inheriting solutions of the information technology (the so called IT-OT convergence). Other than communication and cloud technologies, virtualization will play a relevant role in the next future. The use of lightweight virtualization, e.g., in the form of containers for implementing the edge computing paradigm, is a promising tool to dynamically provide services depending on the actual production needs. However, requirements of industrial automation applications are different from those of office-like counterparts. For this reason, methodologies for evaluating obtainable performance are needed. In this work, an industrial-grade framework, the Siemens Industrial Edge, is considered. A reference testbed is setup to evaluate latencies when information is exchanged between two user applications. Experiments demonstrate that round trip time in the order of 10 ms is feasible, compatible with the requirements of both process control systems and supervision applications.","PeriodicalId":345607,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131952780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Managing 5G Non-Public Networks from Industrial Automation Systems 从工业自动化系统管理5G非公共网络
2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144248
Abdulkadir Karaagac, O. Dobrijevic, D. Schulz, Gergely Seres, Ala Nazari, Hubert Przybysz, J. Sachs
{"title":"Managing 5G Non-Public Networks from Industrial Automation Systems","authors":"Abdulkadir Karaagac, O. Dobrijevic, D. Schulz, Gergely Seres, Ala Nazari, Hubert Przybysz, J. Sachs","doi":"10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144248","url":null,"abstract":"By expanding beyond broadband capabilities of commercial mobile networks and providing novel connectivity features for a wide variety of industry verticals, 5G is becoming a key enabler for the digitalization of industry. However, unlike consumer market where users have very similar communication needs, industrial environments require direct control of security and performance aspects of an underlying networking infrastructure to achieve high communication availability and determinism for a broad range of applications and services. Similarly, it is vital to continuously monitor and verify the connectivity status and performance of devices, especially for mission-critical industrial systems. This paper investigates how to achieve fundamental management capabilities for 5G networks from industrial automation systems, which we refer to as “5G Managed from Industrial Automation”, while hiding “low-level” complexities of the technology. It presents a simplified 5G network management and monitoring solution, designed according to the functional requirements of a process control system, and based on a prototype of 5G system exposure capabilities. In addition, the paper presents details about the design and implementation of the 5G management solution in an ABB industrial automation system and its verification on a private 5G network offered by Ericsson.","PeriodicalId":345607,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130297665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Cost of Robustness of Independent WCRT Analysis for CBS of Ethernet AVB Using Eligible Intervals 基于合格区间的以太网AVB CBS独立WCRT分析鲁棒性代价
2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144249
R. J. Bril, Hamid Hassani, P. Cuijpers, Geoffrey Nelissen
{"title":"Cost of Robustness of Independent WCRT Analysis for CBS of Ethernet AVB Using Eligible Intervals","authors":"R. J. Bril, Hamid Hassani, P. Cuijpers, Geoffrey Nelissen","doi":"10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144249","url":null,"abstract":"The existing worst-case response time (WCRT) analysis for individual priority classes under credit-based shaping (CBS) in Ethernet AVB based on so-called eligible intervals is both independent and tight. This WCRT analysis does not rely on any assumptions on interfering inter-priority streams other than those enforced by the Ethernet standard. A major advantage of this independent analysis is that CBS may be viewed as resource reservation, where allocated bandwidth is both guaranteed and enforced. Although independent analysis provides inter-priority class robustness, it comes at a cost of over-provisioning bandwidth. We illustrate this cost of inter-priority class robustness by means of an example that requires 7.8 times the amount of bandwidth reservation for a given set of streams compared to a different analysis that takes knowledge of inter-priority streams into account.","PeriodicalId":345607,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134299794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Private 5G Networks for Cyber-Physical Control Applications in Vertical Domains 面向垂直领域网络物理控制应用的5G专用网络
2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144230
Luis M. Bartolín-Arnau, J. Vera-Pérez, V. Sempere-Payá, J. Silvestre-Blanes
{"title":"Private 5G Networks for Cyber-Physical Control Applications in Vertical Domains","authors":"Luis M. Bartolín-Arnau, J. Vera-Pérez, V. Sempere-Payá, J. Silvestre-Blanes","doi":"10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144230","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of the Factory of the Future, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data and the cloud computing paradigm in industrial use cases means that new communication systems to support their requirements must be developed. The fifth generation of cellular networks (5G) has become one of the most relevant alternatives in this field. Within 5G network infrastructures, there are public networks along with private 5G networks, which allow a private entity to have its own local 5G network to cover its needs. However, the regulations in place in Europe, and the spectrum reserved for private 5G, mean that it cannot meet the requirements of some of the industrial applications for which it was intended. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the parameters of the 5G network to find the operating thresholds according to the requirements set by 3GPP.","PeriodicalId":345607,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134356214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
TSN Scheduler Benchmarking TSN调度器基准测试
2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144227
E. Schweissguth, Helge Parzyjegla, P. Danielis, Gero Mühl, D. Timmermann, Stefan Mehner, O. Hohlfeld, David Hellmanns, Jonathan Falk
{"title":"TSN Scheduler Benchmarking","authors":"E. Schweissguth, Helge Parzyjegla, P. Danielis, Gero Mühl, D. Timmermann, Stefan Mehner, O. Hohlfeld, David Hellmanns, Jonathan Falk","doi":"10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144227","url":null,"abstract":"Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) disrupts realtime communication technology by making IEEE Ethernet realtime-capable. For time-triggered, hard realtime traffic, TSN provides standardized mechanisms to reserve communication paths as well as individual transmission time slots for data frames. By leveraging these means in a precomputed network schedule, TSN allows for bounded end-to-end delays and minimal jitter. Not being part of the IEEE standard, corresponding scheduling algorithms are an active field of research. Unfortunately, due to differing model assumptions, evaluation setups, and key metrics, a fair comparison of schedulers is impossible so far. In this paper, we present a systematic and reproducible approach to benchmark TSN schedulers. First, we provide a scheduler taxonomy that enables to cluster schedulers by their characteristics. Second, we analyze interactions of input parameters and scheduler results to derive a benchmarking parcour for quantitative comparisons. Finally, we use the approach to benchmark existing schedulers and show subtle interaction effects. This way, our approach enables—for the first time-comparability between schedulers, fueled by the public availability of our benchmarking scenarios.","PeriodicalId":345607,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116366784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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