{"title":"Turbulence measurements in a jet: Comparing the vectrino and vectrinoii","authors":"L. Zedel, A. Hay","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759547","url":null,"abstract":"Results are reported from an experiment carried out with the newly developed Nortek VectrinoII and the standard Nortek Vectrino in a turbulent axisymmetric jet at a Reynolds number of 5000. The mechanical and acoustic characteristics of these instruments are identical. However, the electronics and signal processing scheme in the VectrinoII represent advancements over those in the original Vectrino (referred to as VectrinoI in this paper). In addition, the VectrinoII provides for profiling over a ca. 3 cm range interval thereby allowing direct measurement of the spatial structure of the flow. The two instruments deliver comparable performance as measured by mean velocity profiles, turbulent kinetic energy spectra, and the derived values of Reynolds stress and dissipation. The Vectrino measurements are compared to the mean and turbulent properties observed by [1] using hot-film and Laser Doppler anemometry. Here, there is good agreement in mean velocity and Reynolds stress measurements. Significant differences are seen in dissipations and velocity variance.","PeriodicalId":345178,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/OES 10th Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurements (CWTM)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123961477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Haines, R. Crout, J. Bosch, W. Burnett, J. Fredericks, D. Symonds, Julie Thomas
{"title":"A summary of quality control tests for waves and in situ currents and their effectiveness","authors":"S. Haines, R. Crout, J. Bosch, W. Burnett, J. Fredericks, D. Symonds, Julie Thomas","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759534","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the quality control (QC) tests used to verify ocean wave and in situ current data collected and shared by ocean observing systems, federal data centers and oceanographic research institutions. The categories in common for both waves and currents are defined as: (1) sensor health, (2) signal quality, and (3) parameter quality. The main differences being that while wave measurements require an additional category of spectral quality tests, the in situ current measurements from ADCPs require overall profile quality tests. Implementing QC tests and measuring their effectiveness has identified the need for multi-parameter quality control algorithms. While the threshold of a given parameter can vary due to the environment, it can be tuned. The Quality Assurance of Real-Time Ocean Data (QARTOD) workshops and subsequent work has directly led to the results presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":345178,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/OES 10th Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurements (CWTM)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131470175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Voyage to the bottom of the Puerto Rico Trench: Tales from a free fall current meter","authors":"W. Schmidt, E. Siegel","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759538","url":null,"abstract":"Near-bottom (∼2 m) current velocities in the Puerto Rico Trench (∼8350 m depth) were measured at 1 Hz for 75 min by a Nortek Deep Water Aquadopp acoustic-Doppler current meter at 19.75° N, 66.40° W, via untethered free descent/ascent vehicle. The April 2008 deployment also recorded 3-axis velocity, temperature, pressure, and instrument heading, pitch, roll, and signal-strength during the 153 min free descent, and while on bottom. Signal strength was above the noise floor for the entire data set, and SNR and velocity standard deviation were within known acceptable bounds above 7000 m. Instrument heading showed a continuous anticlockwise rotation during descent. Doppler vertical velocity during descent is compared to the pressure time derivative. Integration of horizontal velocity during descent suggests a lateral displacement of less than 30 m over the 8.35 km free-fall. Measurements made at impact indicate full functionality of the instrument at depth. Maximum horizontal velocities while on-bottom varied between 1 cm/s and 5 cm/s and were directed roughly along trench axis westward.","PeriodicalId":345178,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/OES 10th Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurements (CWTM)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128120087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Gurgel, T. Schlick, G. Voulgaris, J. Seemann, F. Ziemer
{"title":"HF radar observations in the German Bight: Measurements and quality control","authors":"K. Gurgel, T. Schlick, G. Voulgaris, J. Seemann, F. Ziemer","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759524","url":null,"abstract":"In the South-Eastern part of the North Sea, known as the German Bight, the Helmholz-Zentrum Gessthacht (HZG, former GKSS Research Center) is currently installing the experimental observation Network “Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas” (COSYNA). The main components of COSYNA include in situ instruments, a network of High-Frequency over-the-horizon (HF) radars currently consisting of three “WEllen RAdar” (WERA) systems installed on the islands of Wangerooge and Sylt, and close to the harbour of Büsum, as well as numerical models which are linked to the radar measurements by data assimilation. The WERA HF radar system was developed at the University of Hamburg in 1996. A commercial version is available since 2000. As WERA uses FMCW modulation for range resolution, there is no blind range in front of the system and data are available very close to the shore line. Azimuthal and range resolutions are ±3° and 1.5 km, respectively with a maximum range of 120 km. Ocean current maps are created three times an hour. Operation of the HF radar systems started during summer 2010. The three radial components of the current field as measured by the WERA radars are transfered to a central server at HZG, where they are quality checked and combined to give 2-D current maps. Radial components and 2-D maps are archived in a database and made available to the numerical model system. COSYNA provides a web-based interface to make the 2-D maps, as well as the model results available to the public. This paper describes details of the HF radar network including the procedures to reduce the impact of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) on the measured ocean current maps and to control the quality of the data.","PeriodicalId":345178,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/OES 10th Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurements (CWTM)","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122630044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Resolution Doppler profiler measurements of turbulence from a profiling body","authors":"P. Rusello, E. Siegel, M. Alford","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759562","url":null,"abstract":"A Nortek Aquadopp High Resolution (HR) Profiler was mounted on a moored vertical crawling oceanic profiler to determine if measurements made from a moving platform could be utilized to measure turbulence. Initial results are promising for this application but have highlighted potential challenges which must be addressed in the post-processing stage, in particular removal of the profiler motion from the measured velocities. Despite the potential complexity of this process, measurements from a moving body yield correct order of magnitude estimates of turbulence intensity at a study site in the Puget Sound region.","PeriodicalId":345178,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/OES 10th Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurements (CWTM)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117103422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of the nortek Aquadopp Z-Cell Profiler on a NOAA surface buoy","authors":"E. Siegel, R. Riley, K. Grissom","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759554","url":null,"abstract":"Observations of current velocity in near-surface and near-bottom boundary layers are critically important for many scientific, operational, and engineering applications. Nortek developed the Aquadopp Z-Cell Profiler, a dual-frequency, six-beam acoustic Doppler current profiler, to meet the needs of observing the complete water column velocity profile, including the near-surface or near-bottom currents. The Aquadopp Z-Cell Profiler employs three acoustic beams directed horizontally and spaced equally around the circumference of the profiler with 120 deg spacing between the beams. These beams measure the two-component horizontal currents at the level of the instrument (cell zero), thereby eliminating the common blanking distance associated with standard ADCP's. Near-surface and water column current velocity profile observations from a Z-Cell Profiler mounted on a NOAA NDBC 3 m discus buoy (located in the northern Gulf of Mexico) are compared with current velocity profile measurements from a bottom mounted 600 kHz Nortek AWAC and 600 kHz Teledyne RD Instruments Workhorse acoustic Doppler current profiler. A tidal analysis suggests that velocity data from the horizontal beams (cell zero) are of good quality and consistent in direction and magnitude with the velocity measurements in cells below, with the AWAC and Workhorse velocity, and with theory. Several cases are presented that indicate the measurements in cell zero are important to make independent of velocity lower in the water column in order to correctly characterize the flow regime. Current speed and direction differences between cell zero and lower cells project a horizontal spatial separation of water parcels as much as 20 km/day, with a mean separation of 8.5 km/day.","PeriodicalId":345178,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/OES 10th Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurements (CWTM)","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115924053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Error assessment of HF radar-based ocean current measurements: An error model based on sub-period measurement variance","authors":"K. Laws, J. Vesecky, J. Paduan","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759527","url":null,"abstract":"Data from CODAR-type ocean current sensing radar systems are used here to evaluate the performance of an error indicator provided as part of the available radar data. Investigations are based on data from pairs of radar systems with over-water baselines. Approximately year-long time series are used. The radar data are the typical hourly radial measurements provided by CODAR systems. These measurements are actually the median (or mean) of anywhere between 2 and 7 sub-hourly measurements collected by the radar system. The error indicator under examination is based on the standard deviation (std) of the sub-hourly radials, divided by the square root of the number of sub-hourly radials. These values are recorded in the hourly data files produced by recent versions of the CODAR data processing software. Examination of the model demonstrates a positive correlation between the model and the measured baseline difference std for all baseline pairs examined. The predictive capability of the error model is demonstrated by presenting its use as a data discriminator and by examination of time series of sliding boxcar samples of radar data. Baseline difference std for data rejected by a threshold based on the error model is shown to be significantly higher than for the data retained. The results presented here demonstrate potential to improve assessment of the HF radar current measurement uncertainty. Such improvement has potential to benefit all applications of HF radar data, including for example, Lagrangian particle tracking and surface current assimilation into numerical models.","PeriodicalId":345178,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/OES 10th Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurements (CWTM)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123676120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spar buoy platform for water wave, turbulence and underwater electric field sensors","authors":"C. Bradley, W. Venezia","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759551","url":null,"abstract":"During the summer of 2010 the US Navy's Center for Innovation in Ship Design (CISD) at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) supported three interns to work at the Navy's South Florida Ocean Measurement Facility (SFOMF). For these summer internships, funding was provided by the Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program (NREIP). NREIP, sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, allows college students to experience a 10-week internship relevant to their science and engineering major. The program provides students exposure to the everyday practice of engineering and research at DOD laboratories across the country. The Florida Atlantic University Department of Ocean Engineering interns worked in a team to tackle an ocean engineering buoy design and technology project.","PeriodicalId":345178,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/OES 10th Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurements (CWTM)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127616531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surface-current variability statistics in the tidally dominated San Francisco Bay","authors":"M. Hubbard, N. Garfield, D. Barrick","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759541","url":null,"abstract":"Drifter deployments were performed in the Central San Francisco Bay in order to evaluate performance of the high-resolution High-Frequency (HF) radars that are deployed there. The field study was designed to obtain drifter measurements in the radar coverage areas for comparison between the two measurements. Drifter radial velocities were computed along with statistics on surface-current subgrid-scale variability in the deployment areas. Removing the variability of the strong surface-currents from the estimate of instrument error gives a precise estimate of HF radar error in San Francisco Bay. An overall value of 8.45 cm/s for radar error is obtained by the comparison between surface drifters and the radar.","PeriodicalId":345178,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/OES 10th Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurements (CWTM)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117353137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Turbulent dissipation estimates from pulse coherent doppler instruments","authors":"P. Rusello, E. Cowen","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2011.5759546","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing a commercially available acoustic Doppler velocimeter, the Nortek Vectrino with optional plus (+) firmware, measurements of turbulence are made in a turbulent open channel flow in the 8m Research Flume of the DeFrees Hydraulics Laboratory. The measurements are used to estimate dissipation (ε) from Kolmogorov's 2/3, 5/3 and 4/5 Laws as well as integration of the dissipation spectrum. Corrections to remove bias due to Doppler noise are carried out when appropriate. Results from the four methods are compared to jusge the validity of each for use with single point velocity measuremnts from an acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. The 4/5 Law is the most consistent across each velocity component, but all methods produce reasonable estimates of dissipation from at least one velocity component.","PeriodicalId":345178,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/OES 10th Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurements (CWTM)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132313754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}