Frontiers in Political Science最新文献_第4页

Community resilience and cultural sustainability in two Finnish urban neighbourhoods 两个芬兰城市社区的社区恢复力和文化可持续性

Frontiers in Political Science Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1213240

Mervi Luonila, Kaisu Kumpulainen, Aino Leppänen, Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto, Olli Ruokolainen

{"title":"Community resilience and cultural sustainability in two Finnish urban neighbourhoods","authors":"Mervi Luonila, Kaisu Kumpulainen, Aino Leppänen, Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto, Olli Ruokolainen","doi":"10.3389/fpos.2023.1213240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1213240","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how urban cultural environments, and particularly their cultural provision and forms of participation, can foster cultural sustainability in urban communities, namely neighbourhoods. Conceptually, the article situates cultural sustainability within the concept of community resilience to facilitate an understanding of the everyday lives of residents and concerns residents' expectations of the cultural environment and opportunities for cultural participation in two case neighbourhoods in Jyväskylä Finland. Drawing on the mixed-methods approach of the study our findings show that different cultural activities and communities can be central to promoting sustainable urban development. Community resilience as a sense of belonging like neighbourhood-related identity and also as a sense of ownership of place seems strong in various ways, and relation to the cultural participation can be identified. However, from urban cultural policy perspective, the low-threshold participation and opportunities for grassroots cultural activity seem an underexploited resource in the cities, especially when the concept of sustainability is under consideration. Moreover, the negotiation and communication between community actors and public officials deserves a lot of attention while the implementation of urban cultural policy is on focus. From urban cultural policy perspective, it is important to find new ways to measure the direct and indirect impacts of policies. According to findings of the study holistic analysis of residents, actors and institutions viewpoints helps us to understand the practises and processes related to community resilience. All this deserves multidisciplinary research and joint reflection. This approach assists to make sense of how urban cultural policy and cultural participation can support community resilience at community level.","PeriodicalId":34431,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Political Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44830424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Item response theory approach to ethnocentrism 项目反应理论研究种族中心主义

Frontiers in Political Science Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1024729

Conal Monaghan, Boris Bizumic

{"title":"Item response theory approach to ethnocentrism","authors":"Conal Monaghan, Boris Bizumic","doi":"10.3389/fpos.2023.1024729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1024729","url":null,"abstract":"Although ethnocentrism is one of the fundamental concepts in the social sciences, its study has been impeded by a diversity of conceptualizations and measures. In recent years, a growing number of political scientists and psychologists have undertaken in-depth research into ethnocentrism. In addition, researchers have recently proposed a comprehensive reconceptualization of ethnocentrism and developed a new Ethnocentrism scale. There is strong evidence for this scale's reliability and validity in indexing ethnocentrism, but like most measures in psychology and political science, this scale is based on classical test theory. Item response theory (IRT) is a powerful psychometric technique that can provide a much more sophisticated test of test performance and is currently under-utilized in research.We performed IRT to assess the psychometric properties of the Ethnocentrism scale on a sample of 4,187 participants.The scale's items had strong psychometric properties to capture the ethnocentrism latent construct, particularly in the below average to above average range. Men required marginally lower levels of ethnocentrism to endorse less socially acceptable items than women (items relating to superiority, purity, or exploitativeness). When compared to liberals, conservatives responded more readily to nearly all ethnocentrism items. Given this variation, the IRT approach highlighted that future measurements must adjust for differential item functioning, albeit more for political orientation than gender identity.The findings detail how IRT can enhance measurement in political science and demonstrate the implications for how gender and political ideology may affect the differential performance of items.","PeriodicalId":34431,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Political Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46684399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ruling in turbulent times: government crises in Italy and Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic 动荡时期的统治:2019冠状病毒病大流行期间意大利和以色列的政府危机

Frontiers in Political Science Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1151288

Andrea Capati, Marco Improta, Tal Lento

引用次数: 0

Global capitalism crisis fueling coups and instability in Africa 全球资本主义危机加剧了非洲的政变和不稳定

Frontiers in Political Science Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1059151

Júlia Alhinho

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Israel/Palestine: the one-state reality implications and dynamics 社论:以色列/巴勒斯坦:一国现实的影响和动态

Frontiers in Political Science Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1247990

Ian S. Lustick, Amal Jamal

引用次数: 0

Political parties and their online platforms–Differences in philosophies 政党和他们的网络平台——理念上的差异

Frontiers in Political Science Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1199449

J. Fitzpatrick, Gefion Thuermer

引用次数: 0

Threat, voting and candidate support. The impact of mortality salience 威胁、投票和候选人支持。死亡率显著性的影响

Frontiers in Political Science Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1040644

H. Bäck, Royce Carroll, Holly Knapton, Emma A. Renström

{"title":"Threat, voting and candidate support. The impact of mortality salience","authors":"H. Bäck, Royce Carroll, Holly Knapton, Emma A. Renström","doi":"10.3389/fpos.2023.1040644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1040644","url":null,"abstract":"How does threat motivate political choices? An extensive literature has noted the importance of threat in influencing political behavior. A growing literature in political psychology has used the concept of “mortality salience” to examine the role of existential threat in political decisions. Scholars have argued that inducing mortality salience by asking individuals to think about their own death should result in either reinforcement of their existing political worldview, a shift to a more politically conservative view, or support for a “status quo” option more generally.We performed two survey experiments (N = 484 and 1514) manipulating mortality salience and candidate features (Exp. 2). Experiment 1 was performed one week before the 2016 US presidential election and utilized the varying features of the candidates. Experiment 2 manipulated features such as experience level (representing the status quo or change) and partisanship.We find that mortality salience led to an increased likelihood of voting for Hillary Clinton, particularly for moderate and independent respondents. We also find that independent participants preferred the status quo candidate under mortality salience.We interpret the findings in both studies as supporting a connection between existential threat and preference for the status quo in psychological terms, at least for less partisan voters, rather than a conservative shift in ideological terms or a tendency to reinforce existing views.","PeriodicalId":34431,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Political Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48135044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collective identity in collective action: evidence from the 2020 summer BLM protests 集体行动中的集体认同:来自2020年夏季BLM抗议的证据

Frontiers in Political Science Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1185633

Claudia Kann, Sarah Hashash, Zachary C. Steinert-Threlkeld, R. Alvarez

{"title":"Collective identity in collective action: evidence from the 2020 summer BLM protests","authors":"Claudia Kann, Sarah Hashash, Zachary C. Steinert-Threlkeld, R. Alvarez","doi":"10.3389/fpos.2023.1185633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1185633","url":null,"abstract":"Does collective identity drive protest participation? A long line of research argues that collective identity can explain why protesters do not free ride and how specific movement strategies are chosen. Quantitative studies, however, are inconsistent in defining and operationalizing collective identity, making it difficult to understand under what conditions and to what extent collective identity explains participation. In this paper, we clearly differentiate between interest and collective identity to isolate the individual level signals of collective action. We argue that these quantities have been conflated in previous research, causing over estimation of the role of collective identity in protest behavior. Using a novel dataset of Twitter users who participated in Black Lives Matter protests during the summer of 2020, we find that contingent on participating in a protest, individuals have higher levels of interest in BLM on the day of and the days following the protest. This effect diminishes over time. There is little observed effect of participation on subsequent collective identity. In addition, higher levels of interest in the protest increases an individuals chance of participating in a protest, while levels of collective identity do not have a significant effect. These findings suggest that collective identity plays a weaker role in driving collective action than previously suggested. We claim that this overestimation is a byproduct of the misidentification of interest as identity.","PeriodicalId":34431,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Political Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Show and tell advocacy: how advocates convince policymakers by showing them the work they do 展示和讲述倡导:倡导者如何通过向决策者展示他们所做的工作来说服他们

Frontiers in Political Science Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1123172

A. Sparks, Sara Arora, Nicole Cason

引用次数: 0

Does inequality erode political trust? 不平等会侵蚀政治信任吗?

Frontiers in Political Science Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1197317

Simon Bienstman

{"title":"Does inequality erode political trust?","authors":"Simon Bienstman","doi":"10.3389/fpos.2023.1197317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1197317","url":null,"abstract":"A long-standing argument in the political sciences holds that high levels of inequality are incompatible with democracy. Although a number of studies have by now investigated whether income inequality endangers democratic consolidation and stability through corroding popular support, the findings remain inconclusive. This study provides new evidence for a sociotropic effect of macroeconomic income inequality on trust in the institutions of representative democracy by making use of the random effects within between specification in multilevel models for data from 28 European democracies over a period of 16 years. The findings show that both long-standing differences in income inequality between countries and changes in inequality within countries over time are negatively related to trust in institutions. While the spirit-level thesis states that this effect should be more pronounced among rich democracies, the findings show that the effect of inequality is stronger in countries that are less affluent. Further analyses on whether the social-psychological mechanism proposed by the spirit-level thesis mediates the effect of inequality on trust document a partial transmission via status concerns and social trust. However, the study suggests that income inequality primarily influences trust in institutions through evaluation-based processes as captured by economic evaluations.","PeriodicalId":34431,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Political Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42892568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0