Клиническая и специальная психология最新文献

{"title":"Testing a Modified Version of the Spenn-Fisher Codependency Scale","authors":"A. Berdichevsky, Padun, Gagarina","doi":"10.17759/CPSE.2019080113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/CPSE.2019080113","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the adaptation process of the modified Spenn-Fisher code of co-dependence, which allows to measure the severity of co-dependency. The study was conducted on a sample of students (N=227) and cadets (N=38) of higher educational institutions. The theoretical construct of codependency as a psychosocial state, which includes an external locus of control, a tendency to suppress emotions and an increased importance of interpersonal relationships, confirmed by the data of cluster analysis. The questionnaire showed acceptable rates of both reliability-consistency and retest reliability. The constructive validity of the methodology was confirmed by significant correlations that substantiate underlying construct of codependency. The high level of codependency positively correlates with the external locus of control, the suppression of emotions, anxiety, and negatively correlates with the affective component of interpersonal relations, the benevolence of the external world and beliefs about control. The psychometric data obtained during the study are largely consistent with the results of the authors of the original scale and indicate a successful adaptation of the methodology in the Russian sample.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129709636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ideas about the Consequences of Bad Character and Improper Behavior in Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities","authors":"E. A. Steblyak","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110309","url":null,"abstract":"The materials of an empirical study of ideas about the consequences of the manifestation of bad character and improper behavior of a person in relationships with people, obtained from a sample of 77 respondents with intellectual disability: 52 of them are mentally retarded respondents aged 13-16 years, studying in grades 6-8 of adaptive school (34 of them male, 18 – female) and 25 respondents with a delay of mental development of 13-16 years old, studying in grades 8-9 of secondary school (of which 18 are male and 7 are female). A modified technique by M.A. Kholodnaya \"Formulation of problems\" was used. Respondents were asked to list a number of problems that arise in a person's life due to his bad character and improper behavior in relationships with people. The technique of inductive categorization was used in the analysis of interview data. The work is aimed at clarifying the ideas of the nuclear and peripheral parts of the structure of the collective representation of adolescents with mental retardation and mental retardation about the consequences of manifestations of bad character and improper behavior. The direction of the forecast is revealed to identify the consequences for the subjective experiences of a person with a bad character, the system of his interpersonal and activity relations. The productive aspects of collective representation, which serve as a guideline for the construction of pedagogical discourse of correctional and developmental orientation, are clarified.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121129473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supervisor’s and Supervisee’s Views on Professional Supervision","authors":"Anja Varga, I. Galasyuk, O. Mitina","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110106","url":null,"abstract":"This study is devoted to the expectations of supervisors and supervisees of the supervision process and their vision of the successful and unsuccessful supervision. We developed two questionnaires: one for the supervisor and other for the supervisee . A total of 103 respondents with various occupational experiences participated in the study, including 85 females and 10 males, and 8 respondents did not indicate gender. The age of the participants ranged from 22 to 61 years, with an average age of 38.92±11.22 years. The methods of statistical processing are: the principal component method with oblimin rotation, ANOVA. The results show that supervisee identifies three components of supervision process — knowledge, developing a professional identity and focusing on the client, while the supervisor considers all these aspects of the work to be complementary and inseparable from each other. The supervisor's expectations of the supervision differ from the supervisee's expectations, and these differences must be taken into account in education. Four factors (training, understanding/support, ethics, and novelty) are identified in supervisee’s expectations from the supervisor. The more experienced the supervisee is the less he focuses on gaining specific knowledge and techniques, and more on understanding his client. Work experience also helps to develop criteria for unsuccessful supervision — they are unambiguous and consolidated. Noteworthy the criteria for good supervision are not revealed. That means that the options for successful supervision are diverse, unlike unsuccessful supervision.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121216964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Personality Characteristics and Social Activity in the Academic Adaptation of University Students with Chronic Diseases","authors":"R. Shamionov, M. Grigorieva, E. Grinina, A. Sozonnik","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2021100310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2021100310","url":null,"abstract":"The study of personal and behavioral factors of academic adaptation of students with chronic diseases is necessary for the development of a strategy for the socio-psychological and psychological-pedagogical support of such individuals at the university. The purpose of the study is to investigate the role of personality characteristics and social activity in the academic adaptation of conditionally healthy students and students with chronic diseases. The study involved 419 undergraduate university students aged 17–26 years, average age M=19,6, SD=2,8 (men 18,4%), 34,8% of them have chronic diseases (visual system, combined disorders, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, emotional and volitional disorders, etc.). The samples were balanced by gender, age, and academic level. The following questionnaires were used: 5PFQ by R. McCrae and P. Costa in the adaptation of A.B. Khromov (2000), the Scale of academic adaptation (R.M. Shamionov et al., 2020), the Scale of commitment to various forms of social activity (Shamionov R.M. et al., 2018). It was found that students with chronic diseases are characterized by a weaker expression of extraversion and a stronger emotional instability. The relationship between the components of academic adaptation and personality traits attachment–isolation, self- control–impulsivity, emotional stability–instability is universal regardless of the state of health. Socio-political and Internet search activities are associated with the adaptation of students with chronic diseases. Emotional stability–instability is a moderator of the directed connection of age and chronic diseases with academic adaptation, weakening the direct causal relationship. The obtained data allow us to outline the ways of socio- psychological and psychological-pedagogical support of students with chronic diseases at the university.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123378160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the Interaction of Cognitive Functions with the Work of the Magnocellular and Parvocellular Systems in Patients with Schizophrenia and Endogenous Depression.","authors":"Y. Mukhitova, E. Isaeva, I. Tregubenko, I. Shoshina, A. Khanko, O. Limankin","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2021100405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2021100405","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a study devoted to the study of cognitive dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia and endogenous depression in their relationship with the functioning of the magnocellular and parvocellular systems. Mismatch in the work of neural systems leads to violations of the integrity of visual perception and to a violation of the selectivity of thinking in endogenous patients, which makes it difficult to assess and select meaningful, essential information in the formation of judgments. 60 patients with schizophrenia (43 (75%) male and 17 (25%) female; mean age ― 34.0±12.0 years) and 25 patients with endogenous depression (11 (44%) male and 14 (56%) female, mean age ― 38.0±13.6 years) with the use of psychophysiological (the method of visocontrastometry with an assessment of the contrast sensitivity of the visual system, the method of assessing the noise immunity of the visual system) and experimental psychological methods (Trial-Making test by Reitan, Memorizing 10 words, Poppelreiter's figures, Incomplete images, Excluding the 4th superfluous). The established features of cognitive dysfunctions in endogenous depression and schizophrenia are associated with the features of the functional state of the magnocellular and parvocellular neuronal systems and the nature of the interaction of these systems. The specificity of impairments in cognitive functions in patients with endogenous depression is due to changes in the dynamic component of cognitive activity, while the specificity of impairments in cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia is associated with changes in the selectivity of information and early sensory defects. The data obtained make it possible to develop an idea of the profiles of sensory-cognitive impairments in endogenous depression and schizophrenia, which is of particular importance for differential diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115775731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verification of the Psychometric Characteristics of the Nijmegen Questionnaire for the Diagnosis of Dysfunctional Breathing During the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Russian Sample","authors":"E. Pervichko, O. Mitina, J. Koniukhovskaia, O. Stepanova","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110311","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to check the psychometric properties of the Nijmegen questionnaire (NQ) (Van Dixhoorn, Duivenvoorden, 1985), aimed at diagnosing the presence of signs of dysfunctional breathing (DВ) according to self–reports of respondents in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic in a Russian-speaking sample. The study sample consisted of 1 362 respondents (1 153 women and 209 men) aged 18 to 88 years (mean age 38.3±11.4) who filled out an online questionnaire from April to December 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The following methods were used to test the construct validity of the Russian version of the NQ: 1) Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10; Ababkov et al., 2016); 2) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, Khanin, 1976), the scales of which were modified to measure the level of anxiety during a pandemic (State anxiety) and before the pandemic (Trait anxiety) (Pervichko et al., 2020); 3) The Symptom Check List-32 (SCL-32) (Mitina, Gorbunova, 2011); (4) An abridged version of the Six-Factor Personality Inventory HEXACO-24 (Egorova et al, 2019). The study participants also completed a socio-demographic questionnaire (Pervichko et al., 2020). The results of checking the Russian-language version of the NQ for reliability are presented: the value of the internal consistency coefficient α-Cronbach for the integral indicator = 0.877. Four subscales were identified, the indicators of which improved when the questionnaire was reduced to 10 points. Internal convergent and discriminant validity has been verified for the abridged version. The external constructive validity of the questionnaire is proved. High rates of correlation with stress, situational and personal anxiety, as well as other symptoms of psychological distress were revealed. In addition, a high correlation with emotionality has been established. The problem of the \"threshold\" value of NQ required to identify the formed symptom complex of DB is discussed. The prevalence of DB symptoms before and during the pandemic was compared. A significant difference in the indicators on the scale for men and women was established. Using the obtained Russian-language version of NQ, it was shown that in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, 27.7% of the study participants who were not sick with COVID-19 showed signs of a formed DB symptom complex, which is more than twice higher than the population indicators in the pre-pandemic period. The frequency of occurrence of the holistic symptom complex of DB in women is three times higher than in men: 31.0% vs 9.1% (p<0.001). The results of the study allow us to conclude that NQ is a reliable and valid tool for diagnosing the severity of DB symptoms, which can be recommended for use as an express diagnostic tool for the presence of psychogenically caused respiratory disorders in persons complaining of \"difficulty breathing\" in the absence of objective grounds.\u0000","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115832560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of COVID-19 During the 2020 Pandemic in Russia","authors":"E. Pervichko, O. Mitina, O. Stepanova, J. Koniukhovskaia, E. Dorokhov","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2020090206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2020090206","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with the emotional state of the population, an online study in all regions of Russia conducted from April 27 to May 27, 2020, The study involved 1192 people, of whom 981 were women (82%) and 211 men (18%) aged 18 to 81 years (M=36.5, SD=11.0). The methodological complex consisted of a socio-demographic questionnaire, the state scale from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Russian Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, Mermelstein, 1983; Ababkov, et al., 2016); as well as the Russian Version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Broadbent, et al., 2006; Yaltonsky, et al., 2017), modified specifically for this study. Significant differences were found in experiencing stress, anxiety, and perceptions of the pandemic by gender, while anxiety and stress were found to be related to income. A significant correlation found between the attitude to coronavirus “as an exaggerated threat” with greater calm, greater understandability of the pandemic, and less control. However, if the respondent has relatives who have got sick COVID-19, then the perception of the pandemic becomes more threatening, less understandable, and more controlled. It was revealed that the assessment of the threat from a pandemic plays a mediating role between the fear of an unknown disease and the possibility of its control. The probability of cultural differences in the perception of the pandemic and its control is discussed, and the possibility of using the cultural-historical methodology and the concept of “subjective pattern of disease” to assess the public perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic is formulated.\u0000","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":" 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113951986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ego-Perception and Thanatos-Centration as Sources of Suicide in Adolescence","authors":"L. Shneyder, N. V. Surgucheva","doi":"10.17759/CPSE.2019080112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/CPSE.2019080112","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers structural, processual and causal aspects of suicides. Problems of child philosophizing, specifics of adolescence in the context of suicide discussed. The concept of suicidal risk clarified and its diagnostic possibilities shown. Identified that according to parents opinion significant role belongs to conflicts and personality traits among causal factors of suicidal risk. According to adolescents, suicidal intentions are associated with the subjective impossibility to create satisfactory continuation of life. It has been found that suicidal risks and types of suicidal behavior in late adolescence differ depending on age, worldview, gender and personality traits.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"44 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129453031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Consequences of Experienced Stress in Childhood — Phenomena of \"Abandonment\" and \"Involvement\"","authors":"N. Kharlamenkova, D. Nikitina, N.E. Shatalova, E. Dymova","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110303","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the fundamental problem of psychology, devoted to the theoretical analysis of the specifics of the child's experience of stressful situations with different levels of traumatization. Along with the lack of childhood stress understanding and research, the very principles of differentiation between every day and traumatic stress remain the least studied. In the theory of post-traumatic stress, it has been proven that one of the criteria for the danger/safety of a life situation is a person's subjective evaluation of the life threat degree. Such an assessment is based on the individual's representations of psychological safety and its components, such as \"internal comfort\", \"experience/awareness\" and \"positive environment\". In the course of a theoretical analysis of the problem of child's stress, we have shown in the article that a child's feeling of internal comfort and stability depends on the degree of the environment activity, its ability not only to protect the child, but also to provide additional opportunities. In accordance with the purpose of the work, the primary emphasis is not on the resourcefulness of the child's social environment, but on its limitation — the phenomena of \"abandonment\" and \"involvement\", which are analyzed taking into account a specific context — the impact on the child of everyday stressors and stressors of high intensity. The methodological basis of the study was the system (B.F. Lomov) and subject-activity approaches (S.L. Rubinshtein, A.V. Brushlinsky and others), the dynamic approach to the study of personality (L.I. Antsyferova). Focusing on these approaches has allowed us to consider the child stress in accordance with a whole system of factors (the nature of the stressor, supporting/non-supporting social environment, etc.). The methods of abstraction, formalization and interpretation are used as theoretical procedures. On the basis of an expert assessment, the features of reactions to everyday stress (situations of interaction of a child with parents and peers) are highlighted, which, unlike traumatic stress (situations of an extreme nature), are not determined by the impact of a specific stressor, but arise as a response to a latent cause of a diffuse nature associated with violation of social and information safety of the child. Manifestations of everyday stress act as a child's reaction to the feeling of \"abandonment\", which turns out to be associated with emotional, social and informational deprivation, with the leveling or distortion by adults of the child's social roles (the role structure of interaction). The feeling of being \"involved\" in the context of a traumatic event is accompanied by physical deprivation and a more intense experience of emotional deprivation (emotional rejection), including the child in non-normative social relations and imposing obligations on him that do not correspond to the level of the child's physical, social and mental maturity. The phenomena of abando","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127839750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Combat Veterans: A Guide to Using Behavior Therapy for Anxiety and PTSD (BTAP)","authors":"J. Goodson, G. Haeffel","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110204","url":null,"abstract":"PTSD is a chronic and disabling condition associated with psychiatric and medical comorbidity and diminished quality of life. Military Veterans are at increased risk for developing PTSD, and combat-related PTSD may be more difficult to treat than civilian PTSD. Both Prolonged Exposure and Cognitive Processing Therapy are empirically supported treatments for PTSD in military populations with a strong empirical foundation. However, they require considerable resources to implement and can be difficult for providers and patients to learn. To address these limitations, we created Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and PTSD (BTAP), which is a simple, behavior-based therapy rooted in learning theory. Building on empirically established therapies such as Prolonged Exposure, BTAP has a singular focus on identifying, reducing, and countering safety behaviors that maintain PTSD. Because it only focuses on safety behaviors, it is simple to learn and implement; therapist trainings are one day, and follow-up consultation provided as needed. In this special issue article, we describe the BTAP protocol as well as provide real world case examples from Veterans to illustrate key components of the treatment. We also present data from five Veteran patients that demonstrate feasibility, acceptance, and preliminary evidence of effectiveness. Patients reported significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, intrusions, and safety behaviors. This work suggests that BTAP for treating PTSD merits further investigation.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116332193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}