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Physical Education for Italian School Children during the Totalitarian Fascist Regime 法西斯极权统治时期意大利学童的体育教育
Historia Scholastica Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-004
P. Alfieri
{"title":"Physical Education for Italian School Children during the Totalitarian Fascist Regime","authors":"P. Alfieri","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-004","url":null,"abstract":"Recent general and educational historiography suggests that, under Mussolini, physical training was viewed as a key instrument for disciplining children’s ideas and values as well as their bodies, and thus for inoculating them with fascist ideology. In this essay, I trace the evolution of the regime’s totalitarian educational project in relation to the teaching of physical education in primary schools, a novel topic and heuristic perspective that has been typically overlooked by historiographers. To this end, I analyse national legislation, school curricula, ministerial circulars, and teachers’ manuals and journals, examining developments in physical education for school-age children in terms of both its pedagogical or ideological meanings and the teaching methods adopted.","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45684286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Political Religion of Communism in Hungarian Children’s Choir Compositions between 1958–1989 1958-1989年间匈牙利儿童合唱团作品中的共产主义政治宗教
Historia Scholastica Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-005
Zsuzsanna Polyák, Z. Szabó, A. Nemeth
{"title":"The Political Religion of Communism in Hungarian Children’s Choir Compositions between 1958–1989","authors":"Zsuzsanna Polyák, Z. Szabó, A. Nemeth","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-005","url":null,"abstract":"Like all cultures, totalitarian regimes develop their own symbols and rituals. As such symbols, music and music making play an important role in expressing values, norms of the community, as well as in providing models for living in it (Geertz, 1973). They are especially valuable tools for educating children. This paper summarizes the result of a pilot study in the lyrics of choral pieces for children, that were distributed along with the state-published methodological journal, Énektanítás [Teaching Singing] and its continuation, Az ének-zene tanítása [Teaching Singing-Music] between 1958–1989. Using political religion (Gentile, 2006) as conceptual framework for content analysis, the study presents: 1) how different characteristics of the communist doctrine appeared in the lyrics of choral pieces and 2) how they changed over time, outlining the life-cycle of the regime itself from militant mass movements to giving place to expressions of individualism and alternative faiths until it would dissolve in the end.","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45856535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Communist Regime: an Outlook on Educational Policy 共产主义政权下的波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那:教育政策展望
Historia Scholastica Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-006
Snježana Šušnjara
{"title":"Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Communist Regime: an Outlook on Educational Policy","authors":"Snježana Šušnjara","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-006","url":null,"abstract":"Bosnia and Herzegovina as one of the nine republics of Yugoslavia was always among the poorest republics in the former state. However, the school system, as it was the case in the totalitarian regimes, was under direct control of the state. The state had the power to influence school programs and to decide who could apply for school profession. After World War II, education became compulsory for all children and the state could have influenced easily all aspects of education. The state conception how to educate a new society and how to produce a common Yugoslav identity was in focus of the new ideology and those who did not agree with this concept were exposed to negative connotations and even to persecution. Human rights of an individual were openly proclaimed but not respected. Totalitarian societies commonly expect the system of education to operate as a main transformational force that will facilitate the creation of the new man in the social order they have proclaimed. After the split of the Soviet model of pedagogy (1945–1949), the changes occurred in education when the communists established a new regime with universal characteristics of the Yugoslavian education which differentiated among the republics in accordance with their own specificities. Bosnia and Herzegovina with its multi-ethnic nature occupied a special place inside the common state as a model that served as a creation of possible, multiethnic, socialist Yugoslavia.","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43254702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Did the Czechs Want the Holocaust? On a Modern History of the Jews in the Bohemian Lands 捷克人想要大屠杀吗?《波西米亚土地上犹太人的现代史
Historia Scholastica Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-013
Ivo Cerman
{"title":"Did the Czechs Want the Holocaust? On a Modern History of the Jews in the Bohemian Lands","authors":"Ivo Cerman","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-013","url":null,"abstract":"lished with a massive promotional campaign. While we are reviewing qQゲQôボqQôGQゲキaケùョaケj┃ajQô┚QゲヂvトケごôaケôEケjョvヂqô┚QゲヂvトケôQケボvボョQJôPrague and BeyondôvヂôaョゲQaJ┡ôvケôガ┃BョvCaボvトケごôaケJôボqQôC┫QCqôaケJôHQBゲQ┛ô┚Qゲヂvトケヂô aゲQôボトôiトョョト┛げôTqQôBトトォごô┛qvCqôvヂôボトôBQôóボqQô┵ゲヂボôヂCvQケボv┵Caョョ┡ùBaヂQJôヂ┃ゲù ┚Q┡ôトiôボqQôqvヂボトゲ┡ôトiôJQ┛vヂqôョviQôvケôボqQôBトqQキvaケôョaケJヂúごôゲQCQv┚QJô┵ケaケù Cvaョôヂ┃ガガトゲボôiゲトキôaôケ┃キBQゲôトiôvケヂボvボ┃ボvトケヂざôボqQôCトョョQjv┃キôCaゲトョvケ┃キごô ボqQôGQゲキaケôFQJQゲaョôMvケvヂボゲ┡ôiトゲôC┃ョボ┃ゲQôaケJôMQJvaごôボqQôC┫QCqôSCvQケCQô Fト┃ケJaボvトケごôボqQôRトボqヂCqvョJôFト┃ケJaボvトケôaケJôボqQôFゲvボ┫ôTq┡ヂヂQケôSボviボ┃ケjげル","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41727976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Recurring Conquest of Hearts and Minds: Reflections on Totalitarian Currents in Education 心灵的反复征服——对教育中极权主义思潮的思考
Historia Scholastica Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-012
Pádraig Hogan
{"title":"The Recurring Conquest of Hearts and Minds: Reflections on Totalitarian Currents in Education","authors":"Pádraig Hogan","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43827995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
They Were “Heroes”. Conceptual and Narrative Analysis of the Figure of a Free Teacher in a Totalitarian Society 他们是“英雄”。极权社会中自由教师形象的概念与叙事分析
Historia Scholastica Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-011
Andrej Rajský
{"title":"They Were “Heroes”. Conceptual and Narrative Analysis of the Figure of a Free Teacher in a Totalitarian Society","authors":"Andrej Rajský","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-011","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the context of contemporary post-heroic indifference, our intention is to re-analyze the concept of heroism, not in the modernist (totalizing and iconic), or in the post-modernist (de-heroizing and ironic) way, but in the optics of hermeneutic re-reading of the specific teachers’ stories from the Stalinist years of the totalitarian regime. In the contribution we bring a conceptual identification of features of the ethical-characterial understanding of “hero without a halo”, by which we want to break the simplistic dichotomy between heroic and everyday – we introduce a third concept – “a hero of everyday life”. We point out how the mythical-idealistic idea of heroism perverted to a collective ideology and how the reality of the communist totalitarian regime in Czechoslovakia demanded heroes – heroes of everyday life. The aim of the research is to find the occurrence of the identifying features of the “everyday hero” in particular stories of three teachers from the times of socialist Czechoslovakia, with the help of narrative analysis.","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42186060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hudba jako inspirace Komenského konceptu harmonické společnosti 音乐对夸美纽斯和谐社会观的启示
Historia Scholastica Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-009
Vladimír Přívratský, J. Přívratská
{"title":"Hudba jako inspirace Komenského konceptu harmonické společnosti","authors":"Vladimír Přívratský, J. Přívratská","doi":"10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-009","url":null,"abstract":"Je naprosto přirozené a nikoho nepřekvapuje, když velkým osobnostem národa, a zejména těm, jejichž myšlenkový odkaz se stal součástí světové kultury, věnují umělci svou pozornost, zpodobují je nebo se jimi nechají ve své umělecké tvorbě inspirovat. Je proto logické, že postupně vznikají i badatelské příspěvky, jež se zaměřují právě na uměleckou tvorbu inspirovanou myšlenkovým odkazem Jana Amose Komenského. To platí v plné míře i pro oblast hudebního umění. I když není cílem tohoto příspěvku zaměřovat se na hudební tvůrce, jež oslovil Komenského pohnutý život a rozsáhlé dílo, je vhodné v návaznosti na téma konference Odkaz Komenského v umění a uměleckém vzdělávání (Praha, květen 2019) alespoň připomenout, že hudební díla jím inspirovaná představují velké spektrum hudebních žánrů a forem – od jednoduchých písní až po náročná vokální díla pro početná pěvecká tělesa, od skladeb pro malé nástrojové obsazení až po rozměrná díla symfonická. Z námětů se uplatňují především Komenského Labyrint světa a Obecná porada o nápravě věcí lidských, ale i jiné Komenského texty. Mezi touto bezmála stovkou hudebních děl vznikajících zejména v 19. a 20. století a věnovaných Komenskému jsou kompozice vytvořené skladateli věhlasného jména jako např. Zdeněk Fibich, Josef Bohuslav Foerster, Leoš Janáček, Petr Eben, oba bratři Jeremiášové, Emil Hába, Miroslav Kabeláč, Iša Krejčí, Jaroslav Křička, Jaroslav Krček, Otmar Mácha či Miloš Štědroň a mnozí další. Mimochodem je třeba v této souvislosti poznamenat, že v odborné literatuře dosud chybí ucelená, komplexní monografie, která by tuto problematiku systematicky zpracovala. To, co bylo řečeno, je ovšem jen jednou stránkou obapolného vztahu Komenský a hudba. Tento příspěvek však právě proto, že představuje určitý vstup do hudební tematiky spojené s tímto českým myslitelem, se pokusí o pravý opak, totiž soustředí se na komeniologickou otázku, zda a případně jak ovlivnila hudba Komenského myšlení.","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48119485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
„Stručná historie Literatury české“. K osudu nevydané učebnice rajhradského benediktina Bedy Dudíka k dějinám české literatury z roku 1847
Historia Scholastica Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-005
Richard Mahel
{"title":"„Stručná historie Literatury české“. K osudu nevydané učebnice rajhradského benediktina Bedy Dudíka k dějinám české literatury z roku 1847","authors":"Richard Mahel","doi":"10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-005","url":null,"abstract":"In the years 1841–1854 the Benedictine Beda Dudík (1815–1890) worked as a teacher at the Episcopal Institute of Philosophy in Brno and then at the Higher Grammar School in Brno. As a teacher and a supporter of a development of the Czech national movement in Moravia he strove for the introduction of teaching of the Czech language and literature in the Moravian church education. He succeeded in his efforts and the Court study commission and the Episcopal ordinariate in Brno permitted teaching of the Czech language within the school curriculum of the Institute of Philosophy. For the successful completion of the teaching, Dudik compiled a textbook for his students about history of the Czech language and book writing and he intended to publish it in print at “Matice česká” in Prague. The textbook was approved successfully in a censorship procedure; however, it was not finally published in print due to disagreements with the authors of the compiled works. Nevertheless, it was significant for the development of national efforts in Moravia and it, first and foremost, revealed the young Beda Dudík as a great supporter of the then minority Czech national movement in Moravia, which changed later when he left his pedagogical experience in favour of his better-known historiographical, official and diplomatic practice.","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42717417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gerta Figulusová – „dcera českého národa“ z rodu Komenského: životní příběh pohledem komeniologie Gerta Figulusová——来自Comenius家族的“捷克之女”：喜剧视角下的人生故事
Historia Scholastica Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-007
Markéta Pánková
{"title":"Gerta Figulusová – „dcera českého národa“ z rodu Komenského: životní příběh pohledem komeniologie","authors":"Markéta Pánková","doi":"10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48730025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Ideje Komenského a výtvarná výchova 夸美纽斯思想与艺术教育
Historia Scholastica Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-008
Petra Šobáňová
{"title":"Ideje Komenského a výtvarná výchova","authors":"Petra Šobáňová","doi":"10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/TUL/006/2020-2-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48362402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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