Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the Pattern of Poisoning in Patients Admitted to a Large Teaching Hospital in Iran","authors":"Elham Nazari, S. Nazari, Z. Ebnehoseini, R. Akhavan, H. Tabesh","doi":"10.18502/jbe.v7i4.10393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v7i4.10393","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Poisoning is one of the most common causes of hospital admission. This study aims at 1- to determine the characteristics of poisoning, 2-to discover the relationship of the patients’ characteristics, and 3- to suggest a pattern of characteristics of poisoning. \u0000Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted at Edalatian Emergency Center in 2016. Characteristics of patients with poisoning were extracted from the hospital information system (HIS) in a large teaching hospital. Gender, type of admission, the priority of admission, type of referral, cause of referral, insurance organization, age, and month of referral were the variables extracted. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods in SPSS software version 21.  \u0000Results: Of the 15204 patients included in this analysis, 55.2% of the patients were men. Also, 68.5% had nonurgent triage level, and the cause of the 60.7% of the poisoning was medication overdose. Most of the patients (86.2%) aged from 20 to 30 years with the most frequent referral in May, June, July, and August. According to logistic regression results, opium, toxin, alcohol and medication poisoning had the highest odds of being at urgent triage level (OR= 1.609, 1.559, 1.358, 1.218 respectively) and the food poisoning was the lowest cause of poisoning ( OR=0.018). Triage level was found to be significantly different in months of the year (P<0.001). But, a routine trend was not observed. \u0000Conclusion: The use of preventive measures from the occurrence of poisoning is necessary for the country because this problem occurs due to the lack of awareness about its causative factors. Regarding the more prevalence of intentional poisoning, the necessary steps are needed to be taken to identify the Psychological causes and prevent suicide in at-risk groups. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":34310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48916531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Epidemiology of Hospital-Referred Injury in Iran-2016: a hierarchical model","authors":"H. Akbari, M. Mahdian, H. Gilasi, F. Asgarian","doi":"10.18502/jbe.v8i2.10413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v8i2.10413","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Accidents and their injuries are one of the major public health problems and have long been considered as a very destructive and deadly factor for humans in the world. The extensive damage caused by accidents in Iran is significant. This is an ecological study that was conducted with the aim of determining the trend and epidemiological pattern of injuries caused by accidents in victims who referred to the emergency department of Iranian hospitals in 2016. \u0000Methods: This study was performed based on secondary analysis of existing data. In order to collect the necessary information, all reports of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education on accidents and deaths in 2016 were used. Excel, SPSS and GIS software were used to analyze the results. Also, hierarchical analysis was used to cluster the provinces. \u0000Results: The highest frequency was related to the age group of ≥20 years (74%). Also, out of the total cases, 5013 people died and 358 were disabled. Out of 1483425 cases in 2015, 68.6% were men. The scene of the most accident was at home (36%), followed by the street (32%). The highest rate of accidents per 100 000 population was related to trauma (598.72) followed by traffic accidents (570.53). Highest incidence rate per thousand population was related to Qazvin (46.30) and Kermanshah (38.10) provinces and Sistan and Baluchestan province had the lowest incidence rate (2.9 per thousand). \u0000Conclusion: Organized policy-making and decision-making to prevent accidents can be one of the important health priorities and a necessary factor in promoting safety in Iran.","PeriodicalId":34310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48634786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Study of Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scale Developmental Profile /Infant Toddler Checklist: An Application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Skew Distribution","authors":"F. Nikkhoo, Z. Naghsh, M. Gholami Fesharaki","doi":"10.18502/jbe.v8i2.10411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v8i2.10411","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The importance of early detection and intervention of communication and language problems has increased the need for appropriate tools in this area. This study with aim to evaluating the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (CSBS DP) infant/ toddler questionnaire has been done. \u0000Methods: In a cross-sectional study the Persian version of the CSBS DP was submitted to 157 participants randomly drawn from 8 kindergartens of Tehran city (Iran) in year 2020. Internal consistency, reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity were evaluated. Concurrent validity was explored with total score of two questionnaires (Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI)). \u0000Results: The correlation between CSBS DP questionnaire with ASQ-3 and CDI were 0.88 and 0.64 respectively. The test-re-test reliability and internal consistency were 0.78 and 0.77 respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate construct validity of the Persian version of the CSBS DP questionnaire. RMSEA, GFI and AGFI were <0.000, >0.9 and >0.9 respectively; moreover, other indexes were satisfactory. \u0000Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the validity and reliability of Persian version of CSBS DP questioner is approved and these tools can be used for early detection of evaluating language problems in in infant toddler.","PeriodicalId":34310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44211011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Stacking methods based Genetic Algorithm to predict the time between symptom onset and hospital arrival in stroke patients and its related factors","authors":"F. Amani, Jafar Abdollahi, A. Mohammadnia, Paniz Amani, Ghasem Fattahzadeh-Ardalani","doi":"10.18502/jbe.v8i1.10401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v8i1.10401","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The early arrival of patients with acute ischemic stroke to start of treatment by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) within 4.5 hours after onset of stroke and its modeling by data mining methods is an important issue in care of stroke patients. In this paper, the aim was to provide methods to predict the time between symptom onset and hospital arrival in stroke patients and related factors, in addition to improve classification in minority class data, also to maintain the ability of classifying majority class data at an acceptable level. \u0000Methods: We included 676 patients with ischemic stroke who referred to hospital of Ardabil city in the northwest of Iran in 2018. A new method using a combination of machine learning algorithms and genetic algorithms has been proposed to solve this problem. The performances were evaluated with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Results: In this study, the stacking technique provides a better result (accuracy 99.51%, sensitivity 100%, and specificity 99.40%) among all other techniques. \u0000Conclusion: Results of this study showed that this model can be used as a valuable tool for clinical decision making.","PeriodicalId":34310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47190650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with The Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in The Mashad: A Cohort Study","authors":"F. Sadabadi, M. Moohebati, A. Heidari-Bakavoli, Sousan Darroudi, Shahin Nazarpour, Mohammad Sadegh Khorrami Mohebbseraj, Z. Asadi, H. Esmaeily, H. Ghazizadeh, E. Barati, Najmeh Malekzadeh Gonabadi, Sara Samadi, Maryam Tayefi, Zahra Izadi mood, M. Azarpazhooh, Sahar Heidari- Bakavoli, T. Hoori, Ramin Bahramizadeh Sajjadi, G. Ferns, M. Ghayour-Mobarhan, H. Heidarian miri","doi":"10.18502/jbe.v8i2.10414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v8i2.10414","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, and specially in Iran. An accurate assessment of the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) is very important for public health. In current study we aimed to investigate the incidence of CHD and importance of several classical modifiable and un-modifiable risk factors for CHD among an urban population in eastern Iran after 6 years follow-up. \u0000Methods: The population of MASHAD cohort study were followed up for 6 years, every 3 years initially by phone and those who reported symptoms of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were asked to attend for a cardiac examination. An estimate of the incidence of CHD was determined with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of several baseline characteristics with the incidence of a CHD event. Evaluation of goodness-of-fit was undertaken using ROC analysis. CHD cases were divided into four different categories: stable angina, unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. \u0000Results: In the six years of follow-up of the Mashhad study participants, the incidence density of CHD events in men and women in 1000 person-year with 95% confidence intervals were 19.20 (8.10-30.30) and 11.60 (7.30-15.90), respectively. The areas under ROC curve (AUC), based on multiple logistic regression model of CHD outcome, was determined to be 0.783. \u0000Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the incidence rate of coronary heart diseases in MASHAD cohort study increases with age, and our final model was able to predict approximately 78% of CHD events in this Iranian population.","PeriodicalId":34310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47475566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Care Givers Counselling on Depression among People Living With HIV/AIDs","authors":"Olubiyi Olaolu Abidemi, Olubiyi Adenike Oluwafunmilola, B. B. Teniola","doi":"10.18502/jbe.v8i1.10409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v8i1.10409","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: People living with HIV/AIDs (PLWHA) are also prone to mental health problem such as depression. However, there is limited evidence on the effects of care giver counselling on the level of depression among people living with HIV/AIDs. This study aimed to determine factors associated with depression and the effects of care giver counselling and follow up on depression among PLWHA attending Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This study has two parts. The first part addressed the descriptive aspect of the study while in the second part, an experimental study was performed on 64 depressed HIV patients (32 intervention group and 32 in the control group). These 64 respondents were randomly screened out of 351 consenting PLWHA in the hospital using Zung’s self-rating depression scale. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to allocate participants to the groups, with the first client of the 64 participants allocated to the control group and the next client allocated to intervention group. On-phone counselling of a minimum of 30 minutes (once in a week) was done for the patients in the experimental group for a month after which a post intervention assessment was done for both intervention and control groups. Bar chart and descriptive statistics were employed to explain the data. Yate’s Chi-squared statistics was employed to find out statistical associations between the groups while the p-values were consequently reported. \u0000Results: The age of the studied subjects ranged between 21-80 years with a mean age of 41.53 (±9.06). One hundred forty-nine (42.5%) of the 351 subjects were found to have one form of depression or the other. Of 351 subjects, 57.5% were not depressed, 17.1% had mild depression, 10.3% had moderate depression and 15.1% had severe depression. One hundred two (29.1%) of 351 respondents came from a severely dysfunctional family, while 193(55.0%) from a moderately dysfunctional family and 56(16%) from highly functional family. The percentage of the intervention group that suffered severe depression reduced from 40.6% to 6.2% after the intervention as opposed to a marginal reduction of 34.4% to 31.2% in the control group without intervention (p-value<0.001). Also, the relationships between the severity of depression and BMI, CD4 and family functions were significantly associated with p-values of <0.001. \u0000Conclusion: Care giver counselling significantly reduced depression among PLWHA. Therefore, PLWHA should be encouraged through policies and otherwise to attend counselling sessions with caregivers.","PeriodicalId":34310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41318454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate and Gene-Based Association Testing of Sarcopenia: Bushehr Elderly Health Program (BEH)","authors":"Mohammad Noorchenarboo, M. Akbarzadeh, Noushin Fahimfar, G. Shafiee, Hamed Moheimani, Kazem Khalagi, M. Amoli, B. Larijani, I. Nabipour, A. Ostovar, A. Dehghan, M. Yaseri","doi":"10.18502/jbe.v8i2.10417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v8i2.10417","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There is a strong correlation between the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength as indicators of sarcopenias. Multivariate methods can be exploited statistical power in determining the association between these correlated heritable indicators. Methods: We conducted a multivariate candidate-gene study based on data collected from the ongoing Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) cohort, which evaluated the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in 2772 Iranians over 60 years old with 663377 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We chose genetic variants on IL10 (chromosome 1: 206940947, 206945839), a strongly associated gene known to cause muscle diseases, as candidate regions, which included 27 independent SNPs with LD<0.4 (MAF>0.01 and p-valuehwe >0.05). MultiPhen uses a linear combination of genotypes, including SMI and handgrip, to obtain stronger statistical power. To outperform and confirm the MultiPhen results, it combined with a summary statistics level genebased association test, GATES. Results: Among the participants, 1138 men (48%) and 1205 women (52%) aged 69.2±6.35 and 69.56±6.45, were present respectively. 27 SNPs with a maximum MAF of 0.488 and a minimum of 0.0098, p-value hwe=0.3 were selected on Interleukin 10 (IL10). In the joint model MultiPhen test, 3 intronic variants (rs11119603, rs3950619, rs57461190) were associated with IL10 with effect sizes between 0.178 and 0.883 (p-value<0.05). We used the GATES model to assess the multivariate aggregated effect of IL10 on the phenotypes. Using this method, the gene's effect was significant (0.046), showing that it is a risk gene for sarcopenia. Conclusion: This study examined the association of handgrip, SMI, with IL10, as demonstrated in previous studies as risk factors for muscular diseases, using multivariate methods that utilized a joint model to achieve a high level of statistical power.","PeriodicalId":34310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45227901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between dietary antioxidant indices and cardiac disease: Baseline data of Kharameh cohort","authors":"P. Keshani, M. Jalali, masomeh ghoddusi, Ramin Rezaeianzadeh, Seyed Vahid Hosseini, A. Rezaeianzadeh","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1313935/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1313935/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background:Oxidative stress contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Tools for evaluating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative characteristics of an individual’s diet as a whole may be valuable for assessing the combined effects of dietary antioxidants on health. This population-based study aimed to investigate the association between dietary antioxidants and cardiac disease.Methods:In this population-based cross-sectional study, 10439 individuals aged 40-70 years were recruited during 2014-2017 in Kherameh cohort study which is a part of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 130 food items was used to assess the dietary intakes. Vitamin A, E, C, selenium, zinc and Manganese intakes were used to compute dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs).Results:The participants’ mean age was 52.1± 8.3 years. Among all, 4356 (41.7%) were overweight and 1892 (18.1%) were obese. According to the results, odds of cardiac diseases decreased by increasing DAI score (OR=0.80, Pvalue <0.001). , Odds of cardiac diseases increased by lower DAQS after adjusting for demographic variables including age, sex, BMI, Marital status and hypertension (OR=0.799, P value=0.002)Conclusion:The role of anti-oxidants in reducing the odds of cardiovascular disease is very important. Our results highlighted that DAQS and DAI had protective effect on the odds of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is suggested that anti-oxidants as zinc, manganese, selenium, and vitamins A, E and C should be taken through food to reduce the risk of the disease.","PeriodicalId":34310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47767117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multistate Models for the Analysis of Time to Type II Chronic Diabetic Complications in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Muluye Getie Ayaneh, Ashagrie Sharew Iyasu","doi":"10.18502/jbe.v7i3.7300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v7i3.7300","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic, non-communicable disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. The purpose of this study was to jointly model the transition of diabetic patients in a series of clinical states and to assess the relationship between each state and different patient characteristics. \u0000Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted on 524 patients with type II diabetes, aged 18 years or older, who attended their medication between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2017. Multistate models with different assumptions were considered to explore the effects of different prognostic factors on the transition intensity of type II diabetes mellitus patients. \u0000Results: During a median follow-up time of 7.4 years (Inter-Quartile Range=4.01), 54.8% of diabetic patients developed either microvascular or macrovascular complications, and 10.5% of them experienced both microand macrocomplications, and 16.66% of diabetes patients died. The assumption Markov was assessed by using the likelihood ratio test showed that Markov assumption was not held just for the transition. The transition rate of patients from the macrovascular state to the death state was affected by the residence of the patients (P=0.05) and age at diagnosis (p=0.01). The transition rates of patients with microvascular complications to death were significantly affected by baseline triglyceride level (P<0.001), age at first diagnosis (P=0.01), baseline glucose level (P=0.03, and baseline serum creatinine level (P=0.04). \u0000Conclusion: The semi-Markov model fitted the data well and could be used as a convenient model for the analysis of time to diabetes-related complications or death.","PeriodicalId":34310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43661531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Analysis of Patients with Brain Stroke in the Presence of Competing Risks: A Weibull Parametric Model","authors":"Solmaz Norouzi, R. Fallah, A. Pourdarvish, S. Shamshirgaran, Farshid Farzipoor, M. Asghari jafarabadi","doi":"10.18502/jbe.v7i3.7295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v7i3.7295","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to assess the association between the survival of patients and outcomes in Brain Stroke (BS) in the presence of competing risks utilizing a Weibull parametric model. \u0000Methods: In this longitudinal study, 332 patients with BS were attended from Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil, Iran. The stroke was diagnosed according to the medical history, current symptoms, and brain imaging during June 2008 and 2018. The survival of the patients, as the primary outcome, was modeled utilizing the best-chosen Weibull model in the presence of competing risks, including stroke and other factors (heart disease, blood pressure, etc.). \u0000Results: Older age at diagnosis (59-68 years: hazard ratio [HR]=2.27; 90% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65 to 3.12; 69-75 years: HR=4.79; 95% CI: 3.56 to 6.44; ≥76 years: HR, 4.92; 95% CI: 3.55 to 6.80), being a male (HR, 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.75), being unemployed (HR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.39 to 1.82), having heart disease (HR, 1.68; 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.06), and hemorrhagic stroke (HR, 2.21; 95% CI: 1.378to 2.75) were directly related to death from BS. Older age at diagnosis (59-68 years: HR, 18.01; 90% CI, 5.33 to 64.92; 75-69 years: HR, 18.56; 95% CI: 6.97 to 86.57; ≥76 years: HR, 28.90; 95% CI: 15.77 to 218.49), and urban residence (HR, 0.46; 90% CI, 0.28 to 0.77) were directly related to death from other causes. \u0000Conclusion: The recognition of the influential factors on the mortality of BS patients can allow increasing their survival.","PeriodicalId":34310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49666634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}