Medical academic journal最新文献

{"title":"Coumarins as a base for the drug development: yes or no?","authors":"E. Litasova, V. V. Iljin, L. Myznikov, M. A. Brusina, L. B. Piotrovskiy","doi":"10.17816/maj87582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj87582","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that coumarin derivatives are widely distributed in nature and have a wide spectrum of biological activity. At the same time, only a few compounds containing a coumarin fragment are used in the clinics. These compounds include for example the anticoagulant warfarin and the anthelmintic drug haloxon. In the present article is discussed the few examples of biological activity of coumarin derivatives, the mechanisms of action of these compounds and the problems that arise in the development of new drugs, as well as the prospects for using coumarins as leader compounds.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123454462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the content of fucoglycoproteins in the mucous membranes and walls of the stomach and small intestine of alcoholized rats under immobilization stress","authors":"A. V. Oksuzyan, Evgeny G. Butolin, Grigoriy V. Ivanov","doi":"10.17816/maj77776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj77776","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the features of the metabolism of fucoglycoproteins in liver homogenates, the wall and mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine in experimental models: alcoholic liver disease and prolonged alcoholization of rats under immobilization stress. Fucoglycoprotein metabolism was assessed for 90 days by the level of total fucose and fucosidase activity. To evaluate the implementation of the experiments, a biochemical analysis of markers of liver pathology was carried out. In the dynamics of experiments, there was an increase in transaminases and dyslipidemia in the blood serum of rats, as well as an increase in the level of corticosterone, especially in rats against the background of immobilization stress. In the exchange of fucose-containing glycoproteins in the blood serum, in the tissues of the liver, stomach and small intestine of experimental animals, multidirectional metabolic changes were monitored, namely, an increase in catabolism processes in the first days of observations in alcoholized rodents, which may be associated with the cytolytic effect of ethanol in the studied tissues. In these organs, the total amount of fucose is higher in the mucosa layer than in the organ wall. At the same time, in a series of experiments with immobilization stress against the background of ethanol administration, activation of anabolism of oligosaccharide fragments for the synthesis of fucoglycoproteins was noted in the second half of the experiment, associated with compensatory adaptive mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"49 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120886583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first and the second types of diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroiditis differential diagnosis possibility using the calculated index based on plasma butyrylcholinesterase isoforms activity","authors":"D. I. Kozlova, V. Khizha, L. V. Anosova, Anastasia A. Korolkova, S. Benevolenskaya, Dmitrii S. Vasilev, A. V. Rybakov, Karina A. Yureva, M. E. Shevaldina, M. Ballyzek","doi":"10.17816/maj108286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj108286","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The possibility of using a diagnostic index based on the use of blood plasma objective indicators to differentiate the diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroiditis is an urgent task for timely decision-making on the use of a particular type of therapy, taking into account the etiology of a particular pathology. Changing the ratio of blood plasma butyrylcholinesterase isoforms activity makes it possible to identify increased excitability, to separate them among themselves depending on the genesis, and during treatment, to assess the activity of diseases and the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. \u0000AIM: To develop a calculated diagnostic index for the differential diagnosis of diabetes and thyroiditis autoimmune type from symptomatically similar non-autoimmune pathologies, using the ratio of the plasma pseudocholinesterase isoforms activities. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 188 people: 45 patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes; 60 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes; 25 patients diagnosed with autoimmune thyroiditis; 25 patients with non-autoimmune thyroiditis; the control group consisted of 33 healthy volunteers. The groups were aligned by gender and age. Patients of all groups were examined by an endocrinologist and a therapeutist. The diagnoses were made in accordance with the Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Endocrinologists Association for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Adults, as well as the Clinical Guidelines Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults. In the blood plasma of all patients groups, the activity of pseudocholinesterase (butyrylcholinesterase) forms was determined by analysis using a modification of the Ellmans method in combination with inhibitory analysis. The index was calculated based on the ratio of the studied enzyme typical and atypical forms activities. Based on the results of data analysis for all examined groups, diagnostic intervals were determined that are characteristic for each diagnosis, as well as for conditionally healthy people. Comparison of the patients distribution by categories of diagnosis was carried out using the -square test with Yates correction in the SPSS 22 statistical software package. \u0000RESULTS: The results of the blood plasma analysis determined that in the diagnoses of autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes mellitus, there was an increase in the activity of increased activity of the butyrylcholinesterase isoform, while the activity of the atypical form remains more stable. The ratio of these forms was taken as the basis for the development of the calculated diagnostic index. Diagnostic index for the control group in the range of 12; for patients with non-autoimmune thyroiditis 2,12,9; autoimmune thyroiditis 33,5; type 1 diabetes mellitus 3,65; type 2 diabetes 01. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the diagnosis based on the index obtained in this way does not inferior to the diagnostic","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127566557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex features of the circadian rhythmicity of some biochemical parameters in wistar rats under constant lighting and chronic alcohol intoxication","authors":"D. Areshidze, M. A. Kozlova, L. Makartseva, Y. Kirillov","doi":"10.17816/maj108606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj108606","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Biological systems of all levels of organization are characterized by the rhythm of functioning processes, which are one of the fundamental properties of living matter. The complex of circadian rhythms of mammals, being genetically determined, is quite plastically modulated by the action of periodic factors of the external and internal environment. Significant factors in the disorganization of biorhythms in the modern world include a violation of the light-dark regime, so-called light pollution. Alcohol abuse remains one of the most important medical and social problems of modern society. One of the important effects of alcohol is its destructive effect on the circadian rhythms of many physiological processes. \u0000AIM: The aim of the research was to study the influence of constant lighting, chronic alcohol intoxication and joint effect of these factors on the diurnal dynamics of several biochemical parameters in Wistar rats of both sexes. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 200 and 160 female outbred Wistar rats at the age of 6 months, weighing 350 15 g. Rats were divided into 8 groups. 1st group (control ♂) is kept at fixed light regime (light/dark 10:14 hours with lights on at 8:00 and off at 18:00). 2nd group, males (n = 50) is kept under the same conditions as the control, but receives a 15 % aqueous solution of ethanol ad libitum as a drink instead of water, i.e. is subjected to chronic alcohol intoxication. Group 3, males (n = 50) are kept under constant light. The 4th group, males (n = 50) are also kept under constant illumination and receive 15 % aqueous ethanol solution ad libitum as a drink. Group 5 (control ♀) females (n = 40), are kept at a fixed light regime (light/dark 10:14 am with lights on at 8:00 and off at 18:00). The 6th group, females (n = 40) are kept under the same conditions as the control, but receive 15 % aqueous ethanol solution ad libitum instead of water as a drink, i.e. subjected to chronic alcohol intoxication. Group 7, females (n = 40) are kept under constant light. The 8th group, females (n = 40) are also kept under constant light and receive 15 % aqueous ethanol solution ad libitum as a drink. In the blood samples taken at 9:00, 15:00, 21:00 and 3:00 hours the content of AST, ALT, glucose, total protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin was measured. The reliability of circadian rhythmicity of studied parameters was assessed with use of cosinor analysis. \u0000RESULTS: It is established that the chronic alcohol intoxication, constant illumination and joint action of this factors lead to similar changes in biochemical parameters in rats of both sexes, but in female rats the level of AST, total and direct bilirubin changes as a result of three weeks of intoxication, which is not observed in males. In turn, both individual and joint effects of chronic alcohol intoxication and dark deprivation lead to significant changes in rhythmostasis in rats, however, circadian rhythms of total protein, as w","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126227307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and the potential for their clinical use","authors":"I. P. Sutsko, Alexey G. Shlyahtun, I. Semenenya","doi":"10.17816/maj89964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj89964","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is present in all living cells and is a central signaling molecule and enzyme cofactor that is involved in many fundamental biological processes, including energy production, DNA repair, gene expression, and calcium-dependent signaling. It is known that NAD+ levels decrease in many pathological conditions, as well as with age in many tissues of rodents and humans, which contributes to the development of age-related pathology. There is evidence that an increase in intracellular NAD+ levels prevents the development of various pathological conditions. The review presents an analysis of modern data on the possibility of using precursors of NAD+ biosynthesis to provide the required level in body tissues in order to correct various disorders of vital functions.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126701960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and its aftereffect on vestibular function","authors":"V. Pimenova, A. Gvozdeva, V. Ryabkova, N. Gavrilova","doi":"10.17816/maj108690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj108690","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The pandemic has led to a development of various immunological complications of COVID-19 including the chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. These syndromes, which often manifest themselves on a background of autoimmune diseases, may develop with an entrainment of vestibular function into the pathological process. \u0000AIM: Aim of the study was to estimate vestibular function in groups of patients with autoimmune dysfunctions accompanied by the chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia, who have had COVID-19 and those have not had COVID-19 in their anamnesis, and to compare it with vestibular function of healthy volunteers. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A functional investigation of vestibular system called Vestibular passport and the anamnesis taking by a standard questionnaire were performed in patients with an implied autoimmune dysfunction and presence of the chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and/or postural orthostatic tachycardia, and also for a control group of healthy participants. \u0000RESULTS: Patients who have had COVID-19 in their anamnesis demonstrated significantly higher percentage of cases of vestibulopathy than healthy volunteers (33 and 6 %, respectively). In patients without COVID-19 in their anamnesis the percentage of vestibulopathy cases did not differ significantly from the corresponding percentage in healthy volunteers (14 and 6 %, respectively). Patients complaints which indicate a vestibular pathology were confirmed in 2/3 of all cases. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia who have had COVID-19 were more prone to vestibulopathies than patients without COVID-19 in their anamnesis, whose vestibular indices did not differ from that in healthy volunteers. The data obtained shoul be considered as preliminary.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128223093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1 AND B.1.617.2 lineages for syrian hamsters","authors":"K. Yakovlev, D. Mezhenskaya, Konstantin V. Sivak, L. Rudenko, I. Isakova-Sivak","doi":"10.17816/maj109066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj109066","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Syrian hamsters are the most sensitive model for studying the pathogenesis of a new coronavirus infection and testing prophylactic and therapeutic drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, it is important to identify pathomorphological indicators of tissue damage in coronavirus-infected animals, which would correlate with the severity of the disease. \u0000AIM: Comprehensive assessment of the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of B.1 and B.1.167.2 lineages on the model of Syrian hamsters to identify the most sensitive criteria that correlate with the clinical manifestation of the disease. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intranasal infection of animals with SARS-CoV-2, followed by the assessment of the clinical picture of the disease and detailed pathomorphological studies of various organs collected on the 5th day after infection. \u0000RESULTS: The SARS-CoV-2 Delta virus (B.1.617.2) was shown to be less pathogenic for Syrian hamsters compared to the ancestral strain that circulated during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (B.1). The histopathological characterization of lung tissue sections of infected animals revealed the most sensitive morphometric indicator that correlates with the severity of SARS-CoV-2-induced pathology, namely, the alveolar wall thickness. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The use of this indicator makes it possible to determine even slight differences in the severity of virus-induced pathology in the Syrian hamster model, which can be critical in the preclinical evaluation of prophylactic and therapeutic drugs for COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125971141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The severity of COVID-19 is accompanied by a change in the expression of the surface marker CD38 in T lymphocytes and NK cells","authors":"J. Vavilova, A. Boyko, M. Streltsova, Sofya A. Kust, G. Yusubalieva, Oksana N. Novikova, A. Sotnikova, M. V. Bychinin, Rustam N. Ischakov, A. Sapozhnikov, E. Kovalenko","doi":"10.17816/maj108521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj108521","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: COVID-19 mediates activation of immunocompetent cells. Little is known about the phenotypic marker CD38 on the surface of T and NK cells and its association with the severity of COVID-19. \u0000AIM: To analyze the distribution of the surface marker CD38 in subsets of T and NK cells at the different stages of their differentiation in the groups of patients with COVID-19 and convalescents, and to reveal the relationship between the level of CD38 expression in subpopulations of T and NK cells with the severity of COVID-19. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients and donors were isolated using ficoll density gradient followed by cytofluorimetric analysis of the surface markers: CD3, CD56, CD38. \u0000RESULTS: In PBMC samples the level of CD38 expression on NK cells (CD3CD56+), including CD56bright and CD56dim subsets, as well as on T lymphocytes, differentiating conventional CD56(CD3+CD56) and NKT-like (CD3+CD56+) cells, were analyzed. Among CD56 T cells and NKT-like cells the highest levels of CD38 expression were registered in the groups of patients of moderate severity and convalescents, and, in contrast, the decreased CD38 levels were detected in the group of patients from the intensive care unit. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the level of CD38+ T cell in COVID-19 may be of use as diagnostic value.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131313354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity of mRNA encoding RBD SARS-CoV-2 in complex with a polycationic carrier","authors":"A. Rudometov, S. V. Sharabrin, M. Borgoyakova, E. Volosnikova, N. Rudometova, L. A. Orlova, A. Ilyichev, L. Karpenko","doi":"10.17816/maj108601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj108601","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: RBD, receptor-binding domain, a key region of the SARS-CoV-2 surface glycoprotein for virus binding to host cell receptors and one of the targets of virus-neutralizing antibodies. That is why RBD is a promising immunogen for the development of vaccines that can provide protection against COVID-19. Vaccine mRNA is one of the new and rapidly developing vaccine platforms, and the delivery system is a very important component of it. \u0000AIM: The aim of this work was to present the results of a study of the antigenic properties of mRNA encoding the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 when administered in combination with a polycationic carrier. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering were used to characterize mRNA complexes with a polyglucin-spermidine conjugate. To assess the immunogenicity of mRNA were immunized BALB/c mice. The specific activity of the sera was assessed using enzyme immunoassay. \u0000RESULTS: As a result, the sizes and surface charge of the RBD-encoding mRNA complexes with the polyglucin-spermidine conjugate were determined. It has been shown that wrapping mRNA in a polyglucin-spermidine conjugate shell leads to an increase in the induction of RBD-specific antibodies in BALB/c mice compared to naked mRNA. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: An mRNA encoding the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 has been obtained. It has been shown that the packaging of mRNA into the polyglucin-spermidine conjugate shell leads to an increase in immunogenic properties.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126354640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of the genetic diversity of human rhinoviruses on the territory of Saint Petersburg 2021–2022","authors":"A. Ksenafontov, M. Pisareva, V. Eder, T. Musaeva, I. Kiseleva","doi":"10.17816/maj108734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj108734","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Respiratory viruses circulate everywhere. Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of human upper respiratory tract infections. Therefore, it is necessary to study circulation of their species and types. \u0000AIM: To study circulation of different species and types of rhinoviruses in Saint Petersburg. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Detection of rhinoviruses was carried out by real-time PCR using commercial kits AmpliSens ORVI-screen-FL (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow); the study of the genetic diversity of rhinoviruses was carried out by Sanger sequencing method; alignment of the obtained sequences was carried out in the MAFFT program, the phylogenetic tree was built in the RAxML program, visualization was carried out in FigTree. \u0000RESULTS: The most common species of human rhinoviruses circulating in Saint Petersburg are HRV-A, while the types of rhinoviruses almost never repeat. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: On the territory of St. Petersburg, the genetic diversity of rhinoviruses is very widely represented. From December 2020 to October 2021, 70 rhinoviruses were typed, with HRV-A rhinoviruses being the most common (38 rhinoviruses, or 54%). HRV-C and HRV-B were detected in equal numbers (16 rhinoviruses, or 23% each). Phylogenetic trees of genetic types of rhinovirus species A, B, and C were built. The types of rhinoviruses are highly variable, which complicates their study, as well as the development of vaccines against them. Nevertheless, rhinoviruses significantly affect the epidemiological situation, rhinovirus infections can lead to serious health consequences, so they need to be studied.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"29 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115698463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}