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Evaluation of the effects of the application of Ti−C:H DLC coatings obtained by PVD techniques in the kinematic pairs of internal combustion engines and powertrain systems. 评估通过 PVD 技术获得的 Ti-C:H DLC 涂层在内燃机和动力总成系统运动对中的应用效果。
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.19206/ce-184217
Dawid Murzyński
{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of the application of Ti−C:H DLC coatings obtained by PVD techniques in the kinematic pairs of internal combustion engines and powertrain systems.","authors":"Dawid Murzyński","doi":"10.19206/ce-184217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-184217","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to analyze the possible effects of using Ti−C:H DLC carbon coatings produced by pulsed magnetron sputtering (PVD) to reduce friction coefficient and wear in kinematic pairs found in internal combustion engines and powertrain systems used in automotive vehicles. The aim of such action is primarily to reduce internal losses in the aforementioned units. The coatings were deposited on heat-treated bearing steel 100Cr6, examined using a scanning electron microscope FEI Quanta 200 Mark II with the chemical analyzer EDS EDAX Genesis XM 2i, tribotester T−01M examining the friction coefficient in the ball-disc correlation and Hommel Werke T8000 profilometers, additionally, in order to check the coating thickness, studies were carried out using the Calotest method. The results obtained indicate that both the friction coefficient and wear are drastically reduced in relation to samples on which no DLC coatings were applied.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"103 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulation studies of pollutant emissions from road vehicles using models for inventories of pollutant emissions 利用污染物排放清单模型对道路车辆污染物排放进行模拟研究
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.19206/ce-184003
K. Bebkiewicz, K. Szczepański, Z. Chłopek
{"title":"Simulation studies of pollutant emissions from road vehicles using models for inventories of pollutant emissions","authors":"K. Bebkiewicz, K. Szczepański, Z. Chłopek","doi":"10.19206/ce-184003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-184003","url":null,"abstract":"Countries are obliged by international regulations to conduct annual pollutant emissions inventories. Road transport is one of the sectors for which an inventory of pollutant emissions is carried out. Determining pollutant emissions from road transport is possible only by modeling these emissions – that is why unified emission models are used. In this work, the COPERT and HBEFA INFRAS software are used to determine pollutant emissions characteristics for various vehicle traffic models. The article presents the principles of modeling pollutant emissions from road vehicles. The rules for qualifying road vehicles into elementary and cumulative categories have been systematized. Models of road vehicle traffic and ways of taking them into account in modeling pollutant emissions are presented. The following emissions of pollutants harmful to the health and life of living organisms are considered: carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and total suspended particles. The trends of the national annual emissions of the tested pollutants in the years 2000 – 2020 and the results of simulation tests of pollutant emissions models are presented.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"81 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic parameters of a car with a SI engine fueled with LPG/DME blends 以液化石油气/二甲醚混合物为燃料的 SI 发动机汽车的动态参数
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.19206/ce-185955
Paweł Marzec, G. Kubica
{"title":"Dynamic parameters of a car with a SI engine fueled with LPG/DME blends","authors":"Paweł Marzec, G. Kubica","doi":"10.19206/ce-185955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-185955","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis of the dynamic parameters of a compact class passenger car powered by LPG/DME blends. The presented results are part of the research cycle of this vehicle, the purpose of which was to check the possibility of using DME (dimethyl ether) as an additive in the fuel mixture with LPG. In the presented part of the experimental research, the acceleration times of the vehicle under specific conditions were measured. On the basis of the obtained results, the relations between the average acceleration in the tested speed ranges, the fuel composition and the degree of engine load were developed. The results of the analyzes indicate that in the examined range of changes in the DME share in the fuel, comparable or higher acceleration values were obtained for all engine load levels. This confirms the usefulness of DME as a fuel component used to power SI engines.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":" 1210","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140681634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formula Student class electric vehicle energy storage - study and design assumptions 大学生方程式赛车级电动汽车储能--研究与设计假设
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.19206/ce-186164
Piotr Hemlecki, Paweł Fabiś
{"title":"Formula Student class electric vehicle energy storage - study and design assumptions","authors":"Piotr Hemlecki, Paweł Fabiś","doi":"10.19206/ce-186164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-186164","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this article is to present the design assumptions of an energy storage for a Formula Student electric car equipped with one electric motor. The correct selection of the parameters of the energy storage is dictated by the regulations applicable to all cars competing in this class, especially the maximum battery power. The growing interest in electric cars is visible also in motorsport, where are created new competitions and classes specifically for BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle). The study presents a description of the requirements contained in the competition regulations regarding the energy storage in the Formula Student vehicle, an overview of the cells that can be used in the battery and the selection of the most optimal among several solutions. Based on specific requirements, the arrangement of cells inside the battery was designed, divided into smaller segments and their connection, placed in a safe housing in the form of container.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"7 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140681392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of selected combustion parameters in a compression-ignition engine powered by hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) 评估以加氢植物油（HVO）为动力的压燃式发动机的部分燃烧参数
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.19206/ce-184222
P. Orliński, M. Sikora, M. Bednarski, P. Laskowski, M. Gis, P. Wiśniowski
{"title":"Evaluation of selected combustion parameters in a compression-ignition engine powered by hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO)","authors":"P. Orliński, M. Sikora, M. Bednarski, P. Laskowski, M. Gis, P. Wiśniowski","doi":"10.19206/ce-184222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-184222","url":null,"abstract":"The article carries out a detailed analysis and evaluation of indicators related to the combustion process (pressure and temperature in the engine combustion chamber, heat release rate, heat release fraction) in a JCB 444 TA4i compression-ignition engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO). During the empirical tests, the operation of the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system was stopped and no other changes were made to the engine settings (factory settings were used). In the first stage, the empirical tests were carried out at speed characteristics on an engine dynamometer. Then, an experiment was carried out at the engine crankshaft speed corresponding to the maximum torque - which consisted of determining the indicators related to the combustion process at a constant mass flow of fuel: diesel and HVO fuel. This provided information on the effect of hydrogenated vegetable oil on the combustion process in relation to the diesel engine feed. The conclusions drawn from the empirical study can be used to develop guidelines to change the operating map of a compression-ignition engine when it is fed with hydrogenated vegetable oil.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"51 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140707303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The problem of emission of total particulate matter and heavy metals from tribological systems in vehicles 车辆摩擦系统的总颗粒物和重金属排放问题
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.19206/ce-183121
P. Laskowski, M. Zimakowska-Laskowska
{"title":"The problem of emission of total particulate matter and heavy metals from tribological systems in vehicles","authors":"P. Laskowski, M. Zimakowska-Laskowska","doi":"10.19206/ce-183121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-183121","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the problem of particulate matter and heavy metal emissions from the tribological systems (road abrasion, brake and tyre wear) road of cars equiped with internal combustion engines (ICEs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrids and plug-in vehicles (PHEVs). The results of mathematical modelling carried out for obtaining of the emissions of particulate matter and heavy metals, such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn, resulting from the road abrasion, brakes and tyre wear, are presented. Emissions are shown depending on the average speed and type of traffic (traffic in the city (urban), outside the city (rural) and on the highway) and the type of vehicle.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140707966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Properties of substitute motor fuels produced from ethanol in biorefineries 生物炼油厂用乙醇生产的代用汽车燃料的特性
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.19206/ce-184488
Paulina Luiza Grzelak, Z. Chłopek, K. Szczepański
{"title":"Properties of substitute motor fuels produced from ethanol in biorefineries","authors":"Paulina Luiza Grzelak, Z. Chłopek, K. Szczepański","doi":"10.19206/ce-184488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-184488","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the definition of bioindustry, in particular biorefinery. The technology for obtaining synthetic fuel EtG (Ethanol to Gasoline) in a plant using bioethanol from food waste was presented. The physicochemical properties of EtG fuel were presented. EtG fuel stands out due to its limited content of benzene and sulfur and a low content of mechanical impurities and heavy metals. EtG fuel can be considered a replacement fuel for motor gasoline. The results of exhaust emissions tests from vehicles with spark-ignition engines in the WLTC test on a hot and cold engine were presented. It was found that EtG fuel is characterized by lower specific distance emissions of CO, NOx and CH4 and slightly higher specific distance emissions of NMHC when starting a cold engine compared to gasoline, while the specific distance emission of CO2 for both fuels were very similar.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140735928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The influence of the content of phosphates in water on the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves. 水中磷酸盐含量对超声波传播速度的影响。
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.19206/ce-184140
Paweł Wesołowski, Maciej Neugebauer
{"title":"The influence of the content of phosphates in water on the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves.","authors":"Paweł Wesołowski, Maciej Neugebauer","doi":"10.19206/ce-184140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-184140","url":null,"abstract":"The phosphate content of a test sample is one of the indicators of the trophic status of the test water. In this work, an attempt was made to use a non-destructive ultrasonic technique to determine this parameter. For this purpose, a specially prepared measuring station was used, on which distilled water samples with different phosphate contents were tested. Specially prepared samples contained 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg/m3 of phosphates. In addition, tests were carried out on the effect of sample temperature on the values of the characteristic parameter of the wave, in the range from 12 to 30 oC. All tests were carried out using two ultrasonic heads with a wave frequency of 2 MHz. The ultrasonic wave parameter analysed in the study was the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave.\u0000The results obtained indicate that the ultrasonic method is useful for non-destructive evaluation of phosphate content in the sample. Additionally, they show a large influence of the sample temperature on the results read.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"49 151","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of pollutant emissions from various types of vehicles 各类车辆污染物排放量的比较
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.19206/ce-181193
M. Zimakowska-Laskowska, Piotr Laskowski
{"title":"Comparison of pollutant emissions from various types of vehicles","authors":"M. Zimakowska-Laskowska, Piotr Laskowski","doi":"10.19206/ce-181193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-181193","url":null,"abstract":"This article compares the equivalent emissions from battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with those of internal combustion engines vehicles (ICEVs) and and hybrid vehicles (HV). The considerations focused on the dependence of the equivalent emission from electric cars on the official/national Polish energy mix (which is still mainly based on hard coal). The results of mathematical simulations of the impact of the fuel type on pollutants’ emissions are presented. The article also focuses on the effects of the fuel used in internal combustion engines vehicles (LPG, CNG, petrol, diesel, hydrogen) and the official/national Polish energy mix for battery electric vehicles on carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of simulated dynamic loads of a ship propulsion systemof a non-conventional power system 非常规动力系统船舶推进系统模拟动态载荷分析
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.19206/ce-184139
R. Zadrąg, Paweł Socik, T. Kniaziewicz, M. Zacharewicz, Artur Bogdanowicz, Paweł Wirkowski
{"title":"Analysis of simulated dynamic loads of a ship propulsion system\u0000of a non-conventional power system","authors":"R. Zadrąg, Paweł Socik, T. Kniaziewicz, M. Zacharewicz, Artur Bogdanowicz, Paweł Wirkowski","doi":"10.19206/ce-184139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-184139","url":null,"abstract":"Unconventional approaches to propulsion system design are increasingly being explored to meet increasing demands for efficiency, environmental performance and reliability. This article focuses on the analysis of simulated dynamic loads on the propulsion system of ships equipped with unconventional power systems - reformed methanol fuel cells (RMFCs). The analysis is aimed at understanding the performance of these systems under dynamic maritime conditions, assessing their performance and identifying potential challenges and benefits associated with them (including military ones). According to military assumptions, an undeniable benefit is the minimization of the ship's physical fields and its independence from the base (i.e., in the future, obtaining hydrogen from seawater electrolysis).","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"39 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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